Arthroscopic removal of acrylic cement from unreduced hip prosthesis.

A case is reported in which entrapped polymethylmethacrylate following traumatic dislocation of a total hip replacement prevented complete reduction. A combined arthroscopic and fluoroscopic technique was used to remove the entrapped polymethylmethacrylate. Manipulation of the total hip prosthesis was done after removal of polymethylmethacrylate to minimize mechanical abrasion. This technique allows direct visual assessment of the articulating surfaces as well as the mechanical stability of the prosthesis. The morbidity related to the procedure is minimal and a short rehabilitation period is the major advantage.     

人工髋关节置换术后5年内翻修的原因分析及处理方法

目的 探讨初次髋关节置换术后早期翻修的原因和防治方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年6月55例行人工髋关节翻修术患者的资料,其中术后5年内(含5年)翻修11例,翻修原因及翻修方式为:髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例,手术调整髋臼假体位置;髋臼假体松动5例,翻修髋臼和(或)股骨假体;术后早期股骨假体周围骨折2例,行骨折复位固定;股骨头磨损髋臼1例,行全髋翻修;感染1例,行二期手术翻修.术前和术后随访采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能.术前Harris评分平均46分(28～62分).结果 本组随访时间16～76个月,平均36个月.术后Harris评分提高至平均86分(75～96分).术后出现并发症2例:1例术后局部血肿形成,4周后需再次手术清理血肿;1例术后关节不稳,经适当牵引制动后关节不稳定现象消失.无感染、深静脉血栓、主要血管和神经损伤等并发症发生.结论 初次髋关节置换早期翻修主要原因与髋臼假体处理、假体选择和安放技术不当有关,因此提高髋臼假体安放的手术技术有助于改善人工髋关节的疗效.     

联合前倾角技术在成人发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的探讨联合前倾角技术在成人发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中应用的可行性及临床价值。方法回顾性分析自2016-09—2018-06采用联合前倾角技术行全髋关节置换术治疗的31例(36髋)成人发育性髋关节发育不良,比较手术前后髋臼前倾角、股骨前倾角、联合前倾角及髋关节功能Harris评分。结果31例均获得12个月以上随访。术后骨盆正位及髋关节侧位X线片显示假体位置及对应关系良好,无假体松动、下沉,无脱位表现。末次随访时所有患者步态均明显改善,髋部疼痛均消失,仅2例轻度跛行。术后髋臼前倾角、股骨前倾角、联合前倾角较术前明显减小,末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合前倾角技术应用于成人发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术对于指导合适假体的选择、设计以及确定合适的髋臼前倾角、股骨柄前倾角具有重要意义,良好的联合前倾角能够有效预防术后假体脱位的发生。     

Total hip arthroplasty in young patients using the thrust plate prosthesis: clinical and radiological results

Introduction The standard treatment for patients who require total hip replacement is the implantation of an intramedullary diaphyseal anchored hip prosthesis. A bone-sparing thrust plate hip prosthesis (TPP) can be used as an alternative device for young patients. The TPP relies on proximal femoral metaphyseal fixation. The theoretical advantage of leaving diaphyseal bone intact is easier conversion to a stemmed prosthesis. This retrospective study evaluated the medium- and short-term results after total joint replacement using the third generation TPP.Materials and methods Between 1997 and 2001, 58 TPPs were used for 52 patients. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from the patients charts and our electronic database. Their average age at time of surgery was 40.9±11.4 years. At follow-up, the Harris hip score, residual pain, required pain medication, and the ability to lie on the operated side were documented. Radiographic evaluation included standardized radiographs of the hip joint and the pelvis.Results Four patients required revision surgery (6.9%). For 51 of the remaining 54 TPPs, a postoperative functional and radiological status was obtained. The average follow-up was 26±11.0 months. 88% of the patients experienced some or complete relief of pain. The median Harris hip score at follow-up was 73±20.5 points. A postoperative hip dislocation occurred in 5 patients (8.6%).Conclusion Since many patients experienced some or complete relief of pain, the TPP can be recommended as a feasible implant for the treatment of hip disorders requiring total hip arthroplasty in young patients. Revision surgeries are facilitated by the good bone stock remaining in the proximal femur.     

Internal Fixation After Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture After Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty

Periprosthetic fractures around total hip arthroplasty create surgical challenges with many described techniques of either fixation or revision. The increasing popularity of hip resurfacing arthroplasty poses different problems especially if there is a desire to retain the prosthesis rather than converting to a total hip arthroplasty. We describe a previously unreported technique of fixation for a comminuted, proximal femoral fracture, beneath a hip resurfacing.     

Improved Antibiotic Impregnated Cement Prosthesis for Treating Deep Hip Infection : A Novel Design Using Hip Compression Screw

A 2-stage revision arthroplasty has been suggested as the optimal treatment for deep infections in the hip joint. Improvement of the surgical technique to increase the interim function is subject to investigation. From 2004 to 2007, we collected a cohort of 15 consecutive patients who were treated by a novel design augmented with a modified hip compression screw. No fracture of the cement spacer occurred. We believe the modified hip compression screw is a good alternative for the functional endoskeleton of an antibiotic loaded cement prosthesis in the treatment of deep hip infection.     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良的临床疗效分析

目的分析先天性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）行全髋置换的治疗效果,探讨其手术方法和假体的选择。方法回顾分析2004年6月至2007年6月收治的65例（78髋）成人先天性髋关节发育不良患者,男19例,女46例;年龄33～64岁,平均42岁。按Crowe分型标准,Ⅰ型12例,Ⅱ型26例,Ⅲ型24例,Ⅳ型16例;术前Harris评分35～78分（平均42.7分）,Ⅰ～Ⅱ型患者行常规全髋置换,Ⅲ型患者髋臼骨质缺损部植骨后行全髋置换,Ⅳ型患者股骨短缩截骨后使用特殊假体。结果65例患者均获得随访,随访时间2.5～5.5年,术后Harris评分68～94分（平均84分）,除2例CroweⅣ型患者术后患肢大腿内侧出现麻木（给予功能锻炼、药物治疗后,分别于术后半年、1年后症状消失）,其余患者无骨折、感染、深静脉血栓形成或假体松动、脱位等并发症,CroweⅣ患者截骨处骨愈合均良好。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎、脱位的有效方法,但手术难度大,应针对髋臼病变程度的不同及术前情况制定合适的方案,采用不同的关节假体,配合术中的正确操作,才能提高疗效,减少并发症。     

保留股骨颈全髋关节置换的手术体会

目的探讨保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换在临床应用中的手术体会。方法2002年1月至2007年2月,12例13侧因各种原因需行全髋关节置换者接受了保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换,采用Gibson切口,在头下位置将股骨头截断,保留完整的股骨颈。选择合适的外杯,55°外翻角装入。内杯为超高分子聚乙烯,超半径设计保持外翻45°。术前、术后及随访中对患者髋关节功能进行Harris评分,随访时摄X线片以了解假体的位置、松动情况及异位骨化。结果全部患者获得1～4年的随访,13侧人工髋关节临床效果良好。人工髋关节的活动及功能良好,髋关节的Harris评分由术前的平均50分提高到末次随访时的平均91分;影像学检查显示人工髋关节位置良好,假体无松动和下沉。结论保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换术对因各种原因需行全髋关节置换者,是一种良好的选择,主要适用于无骨质疏松且股骨颈完整者。     

Early prosthetic complications after unipolar hemiarthroplasty

BACKGROUND: In Australia, the most frequently used hemiarthroplasty prosthesis for the management of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures is the Uncemented Austin Moore (UAM). Despite concerns regarding poor functional outcomes and increased early revision rates associated with the UAM prosthesis, apprehension regarding the systemic side-effects of polymethylmethacrylate cement implantation in the elderly patient continues to influence prosthesis selection. This study examines the incidence of early prosthesis related complications after UAM and Cemented Thompson (CT) hemiarthroplasty procedures for the management of femoral neck fractures. METHODS: A multicentre retrospective review of charts and radiographs was conducted in 1118 unipolar hemiarthroplasty implantations to determine early complications associated with the CT and UAM prostheses over a 6-year period in five Queensland public hospitals. RESULTS: Intraoperative periprosthetic fractures were sustained in 11.8% of UAM and 1.8% of CT implantations (P < 0.0001). Intraoperative periprosthetic fractures were associated with an increased requirement for reoperation within 1 month of the index procedure (P = 0.05). No statistical difference in the incidence of intraoperative periprosthetic fractures could be observed between the hospitals participating, regardless of the proportional use of each prosthesis. Early dislocation rates were similar for the UAM and CT prostheses. The intraoperative mortality rate attributable to the use of polymethylmethacrylate cement during hip hemiarthroplasty was 1/738 (0.14%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the use of the CT prosthesis for the management of femoral neck fractures to reduce the high incidence of intraoperative periprosthetic fractures and associated requirements for early reoperation experienced with the UAM.     

The evaluation of bone remodeling about orthopaedic implants with ultrasound

Total hip arthroplasty causes biomechanical changes in the normal femur, including a redistribution and concentration of stress. These mechanical alterations in the femur cause local remodeling and resorption that affect the geometry and mechanical properties of the bone. Two complementary ultrasonic techniques were used to study the local adaptive remodeling of bone due to prosthesis implantation. An ultrasonic wave propagation technique was used to determine elastic properties and a new scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) mapped the acoustic impedance profile of each section. The effects of the implantation of two types of hip prostheses, an uncemented bipolar prosthesis with an Austin-Moore type stem and a cemented Charnley prosthesis, were investigated. Both prostheses had a detrimental effect on local elastic properties as determined by acoustic velocity measurements. The SAM system provided information about local inhomogeneities in bone properties not obtainable by any other means. The acoustic impedance maps highlighted bone resorption and bone remodeling on a microstructural level.     

Migration of the Femoral Stem in Hip Arthroplasties: Analysis of Associations with Structural,Radiological and Follow-up Variables

Medial and/or distal migration of the prosthetic stem was found in 63 out of 337 patients (19 per cent) treated surgically with a Christiansen hemiprosthesis, a Christiansen total hip prosthesis or a Charnley total hip prosthesis.

Fractured bone cement, radiolucent zones at the cement/bone interface, resorption of the femoral calcar and cortical sclerosis were all associated with migration. Varus position of the Christiansen total hip prosthesis was significantly associated with medial migration, and a short stem was significantly associated with distal migration. The other structural variables could not be linked with migration. Distal migration was pain-inducing and was significantly associated with late infection. Medial migration had a less distinct association with pain, and was not correlated with infection. Both medial and distal migration were time-dependent, and 4 or more years after operation about 25 per cent of the prosthetic stems had migrated.     

METAL-ON-METAL ARTICULATION IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS IN 57 CASES

Background : Aseptic loosening of hip prostheses may lead to implant failure and necessitate revision surgery. Metal-on-metal hip articulation has characteristics that may minimize prosthesis loosening when compared with other forms of hip articulation. The purpose of the present prospective study was to identify early problems that may contraindicate the use of the ‘prosthesis femorale modulaire’ (PFM) metal-on-metal prosthesis. Methods : The preliminary results of 57 metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties performed by one surgeon (RR) from 1994 to 1996 in Lismore, New South Wales, are presented here. Data were obtained using patient questionnaires, physical examination and by examination of radiographs. Results : A total of 87.6% of patients had an excellent or good outcome, according to the Harris rating system, at the latest review. The two patients with poor results had obvious alternative causes for their continuing symptoms. There was no radiological evidence of bone or prosthesis failure during the period of follow-up. Conclusions : The preliminary results are comparable with those of other authors who have examined the early results of metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty.     

全髋表面置换术31例临床分析

目的 探讨全髋关节表面置换术临床疗效,并对影响临床疗效的因素进行分析。方法2000年10月至2005年1月,对3l例37髋股骨头缺血性坏死、骨关节炎、髋发育不良、强直性脊柱炎患者行全髋关节表面置换。其中男15例,女16例;年龄23～65岁,平均42岁。所有患者术前均有手术适应证。手术方法按照Amstutz和Nelson提出的标准方法进行,术后进行定期随访。结果全部患者均获得随访,随访时间3～51个月,平均42个月。患者术后无股骨颈骨折,无脱位,无感染。1例髋臼假体周围发现有透亮带,1例因股骨头假体位置不佳已行翻修。术前平均Harris评分30分,术后为90分,最近一次随访平均评分93分（89～98分）。评价：35髋优,1髋良,1髋差。结论全髋关节表面置换术是治疗年龄较轻股骨头缺血性坏死、骨关节炎、髋发育不良、强直性脊柱炎患者的有效方法,近期随访结果满意。     

股骨矢状位劈开固定股骨假体在全髋关节置换治疗 Crowe Ⅳ型成人髋关节发育不良中的应用观察

目的：探讨股骨矢状位劈开固定股骨假体在全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良（ CroweⅣ型）患者术后的疗效分析。方法2002年3月～2012年11月,本组在全髋关节置换术中以股骨矢状位劈开固定股骨侧假体治疗重度成人髋臼发育不良（ Crowe Ⅳ型）患者共21例24髋,股骨上移4.5～6.9 cm,平均（4.53±0.89） cm。术前Harris 评分（38.21±3.09）。结果21例（24髋）患者获随访,截骨端均骨性愈合,平均愈合时间3.8个月;术后6个月Harris评分（85.73±4.15）分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（t＝-104.2,P＜0.05）。随访期间均无感染、脱位、假体翻修等并发症出现。结论股骨矢状位劈开固定股骨假体在全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良（ CroweⅣ型）患者的手术效果稳定,手术技术具有可重复性,能够获得满意的疗效,可在临床中广泛推广。     

数字技术在人工全髋关节置换术中的应用研究

目的探索把数字技术应用于人工全髋关节置换术,为临床选择更适配的人工全髋关节假体提供新的方法。方法6例成人病变的髋关节和42-56号的髋臼假体和01-04号钛合金股骨柄(矩形,HA微孔)假体连续CT扫描,将CT扫描数据经Mimics软件处理,3D计算建立髋关节和假体的数字模型。将数据输入SPSS 17.0进行统计学分析。根据术前选择的假体施行手术,术后6个月根据Harris评分进行评价,并与同期6例行传统人工全髋关节置换术患者髋关节Harris评分进行统计学比较。结果 6例骨盆三维模型数据测量结果分析:髋臼前倾角、外展角与身高、性别、侧别因素无显著性差异;股骨颈前倾角及颈干角与侧别、性别及身高因素无统计学差异。结论数字技术可以指导选择更匹配的全髋关节假体,提高人工全髋关节置换术的近期效果,为临床术前选择全髋关节假体提供一种新的方法。     

Zweymuller系统全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良的中期疗效分析

目的：评价Zweymuller螺旋臼结合髋臼加深技术治疗髋臼发育不良的中期疗效。方法：自1998年1月至2004年12月,采用Zweymuller系统进行全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎患者56例62髋,男14例（15髋）,女42例（47髋）;平均年龄48.6岁（30～67岁）。术前所有患者均有髋关节疼痛和功能障碍。观察项目包括术后并发症、影像学及功能恢复情况。髋关节功能采用Harris评分标准进行评定。结果：56例获得随访,时间5～11年,平均6.5年。X线检查显示髋臼假体位于真臼位置,与周围骨床结合紧密,髋臼假体外展角35°～45°,股骨假体内、外翻3°以内,术后患肢短缩平均（0.5±0.2）cm。术后近期发生深静脉血栓20例,予溶栓治疗后好转。近期脱位1例,复位、制动3周后下地行走。4髋发生异位骨化、均为BrookⅡ型。无感染、神经损伤病例发生。术后Harris评分（87.4±3.5）分,与术前（43.2±6.7）分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：Zweymuller螺旋臼结合髋臼加深技术治疗髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎中期疗效优良。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良

目的探讨全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗成人髋关节发育不良的临床疗效。方法采用THA治疗45例髋关节发育不良患者(50髋)。记录术后感染、髋关节脱位、假体松动、神经损伤情况,末次随访时采用Harris评分评定髋关节功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间2~65(24.1±16.0)个月。术后无感染、髋关节脱位、神经损伤等并发症发生。Harris评分由术前7~77(38.0±15.4)分增加到末次随访68~96(87.2±6.0)分,末次随访与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时,所有患者患侧髋关节疼痛症状消失,关节活动功能满意;摄髋关节X线片复查显示关节假体位置、宿主骨对臼杯覆盖良好,假体骨骼界面稳固、无松动。结论THA治疗成人髋关节发育不良疗效满意,术中髋臼处理、真臼重建以及股骨假体的选择与安放是手术成功的关键因素。     

The Influence of Pelvic Tilt on the Anteversion Angle of the Acetabular Prosthesis

The concept of the “safe area” of the acetabular prosthesis has a long history and has been recognized by many scholars. It is generally believed that postoperative hip dislocation rate is low, when the acetabular anteversion angle is placed in the range of 15° ± 10°. Despite this, hip dislocation is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty. In recent years, more and more scholars have paid attention to the influence of pelvic tilt on the acetabular anteversion angle. The concept of acetabular anteversion changes as the pelvic tilt changes, and is challenging the traditional acetabular prosthesis “safe area.” This study summarized the potential influencing factors of pelvic tilt and discussed the influence of the phenomenon on the anteversion angle of total hip arthroplasty (THA) acetabular prosthesis based on the literature review. We conclude that from the supine position to standing, followed by sitting, the pelvis tends to move backward. Pelvic sagittal activity, lumbar disease (ankylosing spondylitis), lumbar fusion (lumbar fusion, spine‐pelvic fusion), and other factors related to the tilt are THA risk factors for postoperative dislocation and revision. With the change of body position, the degree of acetabular anteversion is directly related to the degree of pelvic tilt. The acetabular anteversion varies greatly, which leads to increased hip prosthesis wear and even hip dislocation. The lateral X‐ray of the spine and pelvis is recommended in supine, standing, and sitting positions before THA. In addition, the pelvic tilt should be regarded as a reference of the acetabular prosthesis in the preoperative planning of THA.     

Treatment for Periprosthetic Cyst after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Analysis of Six Cases

The present study investigates the pathogenesis of periprosthetic cysts after total hip replacement, and explores appropriate treatment appoaches. Six patients with periprosthetic cysts after total hip arthroplasty were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between 2009 and 2014. During surgery, it was found that all cysts communicated with the hip and the hip prosthesis could be seen after cyst excision. Four patients simply underwent cyst excision, and light red liquid was found in the cyst. Among them, radiological examination revealed that a part of the hip prosthesis projected from the bone bed in one case. Postoperative pathology revealed a synovial cyst with inflammatory cell infiltration. Prostheses were loosened in two cases, so cystectomy and revision of the prosthesis were performed at the same time. Among the six patients, polyethylene wear particles could be seen in five patients through a pathological polarizing microscope. Out of the four patients who underwent simple cyst excision, two patients experienced cyst recurrence within 1 year after surgery; however, there was no cyst recurrence in the two patients who underwent cyst excision and revision of the prosthesis. The formation of a periprosthetic cyst after hip replacement is likely to be related to polyethylene wear and undesirable prosthesis position; in addition, when treated by simple cyst excision, the rate of recurrence was higher.     

Mid-term results with primary uncemented total hip replacement: a 7- to 11-year follow-up

We reviewed 102 uncemented total hip replacements (THRs) in 90 patients with a mean age of 66 years (range, 33–87 years) and with an average postoperative follow-up period of 8.5 years (range, 7–11 years). The patients were prospectively observed clinically using the Harris hip score (HHS). The excellent and good results totaled over 90%. We had two serious complications treated by revisions, one for an “alarming” stem migration and a second one for an improper stem neck height. We had one late infection, and one early postoperative death. We had no mechanical loosenings or osteolysis. We found a common, up to 2 mm, slow migration of the cup and stem during the first 2 postoperative years. This was symptomless and was considered to be adaptive. Early, rapid, painful, severd, progressive, multidirectional migration is of concern. We used this uncemented prosthesis for patients of all ages. The rate of radiolucent, non-sclerotic demarcation was minimal (2%), limited, less than 2 mm wide and resolving. The occurrence of thigh pain was minimal (2%) and resolved. We believe that our results reflect the properties of this prosthesis and our surgical technique. Received: 14 January 2000/Accepted in revised form: 15 April 2000