多层螺旋CT血管成像评估颅内单发囊状动脉瘤破裂风险

目的采用多层螺旋CT血管成像技术(MSCTA)评估颅内单发囊状动脉瘤破裂风险。方法收集100例颅内单发囊状动脉瘤患者的MSCTA及临床资料,对比分析破裂组与未破裂组动脉瘤患者发病年龄、性别、动脉瘤位置及动脉瘤与载瘤动脉空间构象的差异、并进行破裂风险评估。结果男、女性动脉瘤破裂情况的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.017,P=0.896);破裂组中,女性发病年龄大于男性(F=15.829,P0.001);后交通动脉起始处动脉瘤与前交通动脉瘤破裂情况的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.667,P=0.197),破裂率均高于颈内动脉虹吸段(χ2=9.982,P=0.002;χ2=16.226,P0.001);Ⅱ类与Ⅲ类单发囊状动脉瘤破裂情况的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.040,P=0.0841),均高于Ⅰ类(χ2=7.592,P=0.006;χ2=17.477,P0.001)。结论颅内单发囊状动脉瘤破裂与发病年龄、性别、动脉瘤位置及空间构象存在一定相关性。     

高分辨率MR血管壁成像测量壁强化指数评估颅内动脉瘤不稳定性

目的探讨高分辨率MR(HRMR)血管壁成像(VWI)所测壁强化指数(WEI)评估颅内动脉瘤不稳定性的价值。方法回顾性分析174例未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者。以3D-DSA观察动脉瘤大小、位置、形态。基于HRMR血管壁成像主观评估是否有动脉瘤壁强化(AWE),并采用软件计算WEI。采用ELAPSS及PHASES评分评估动脉瘤生长风险及破裂风险。以Spearman相关分析观察WEI与动脉瘤生长及破裂风险的相关性。结果 174例患者共248个无症状未破裂颅内囊状动脉瘤,HRMR VWI示AWE 78个、无AWE 170个。AWE与无AWE动脉瘤大小、位置、形态、ELAPSS评分、生长风险、PHASES评分、5年破裂风险差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。AWE动脉瘤WEI高于无AWE动脉瘤(P0.001)。Spearman相关分析显示,WEI与动脉瘤3年、5年生长风险(r_s=0.40、0.40,P均0.01)及5年破裂风险(r_s=0.24,P0.01)均呈正相关。结论 HRMR VWI所测WEI越高,提示动脉瘤不稳定性越高。     

破裂与未破裂宽颈动脉瘤支架辅助栓塞治疗的效果研究

目的分析破裂与未破裂宽颈动脉瘤支架辅助栓塞治疗的效果。方法选择2015-01—2017-01间收治的35例破裂宽颈动脉瘤患者作为破裂组,选择同期收治的35例未破裂宽颈动脉瘤患者作为未破裂组。2组均行支架辅助栓塞治疗。比较2组疗效、致残率与病死率、围手术期不良事件的发生率。结果未破裂组预后良好率高于破裂组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组致残率、病死率及围手术期不良事件的发生率,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论支架辅助栓塞治疗破裂宽颈动脉瘤,具有一定的效果,但仍需要谨慎选用。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性破裂危险因素

目的 观察肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(RAML)自发性破裂的危险因素。方法 纳入151例接受超选择性栓塞的RAML患者,根据治疗前CT或血管造影是否可见对比剂外溢将其分为破裂组(n=45)及未破裂组(n=106);比较组间患者基本资料及肿瘤影像学表现的差异,以多因素logistic回归分析观察RAML破裂的独立危险因素,构建风险预测模型并以列线图可视化;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评价以各危险因素及模型判断RAML破裂的效能。结果 组间肿瘤最大径、瘤内动脉瘤最大径＞5 mm占比差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,以6.32 cm为截断值,根据肿瘤最大径判断RAML破裂的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.684。多因素logistic分析显示,单发肿瘤、直径较大及瘤内动脉瘤最大径≥5 mm(OR=0.37、1.14、5.69,P均＜0.05)是RAML破裂的独立危险因素;以之构建的预测RAML破裂风险模型预测RAML破裂的AUC为0.776,且模型校准曲线与理想曲线的重合度尚可。结论 单发病灶、肿瘤较大且存在≥5 mm的瘤内动脉瘤是RAML自发性破裂的独立危险因素。     

支架辅助栓塞未破裂颅内动脉瘤术后颅内微缺血危险因素

目的分析支架辅助栓塞(SAE)治疗未破裂颅内动脉瘤后发生颅内微缺血(IMI)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析236例接受SAE治疗的未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者,根据术后3天内头部MR弥散加权成像(DWI)检查结果判断是否发生IMI;采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选IMI危险因素。结果 236例中,97例(97/236, 41.10%)发生IMI(IMI组),139例未发生IMI(非IMI组,n=139)。2组间合并糖尿病、缺血性卒中病史、血小板抑制不足、前交通动脉瘤、伴瘤内附壁血栓、支架贴壁不良及微弹簧圈襻疝出瘤囊差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血小板抑制不足、前交通动脉瘤、伴瘤内附壁血栓、支架贴壁不良及微弹簧圈襻疝出瘤囊是IMI的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。结论 SAE治疗未破裂颅内动脉瘤后可发生IMI;血小板抑制不足、前交通动脉瘤、伴瘤内附壁血栓、支架贴壁不良及微弹簧圈襻疝出瘤囊促进IMI发生。     

影响颅内动脉瘤破裂的形态学危险因素的分析

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂的形态学特征,预测颅内动脉瘤破裂的风险性。方法 通过回顾性分析的方法收集临床资料,记录动脉瘤直径、动脉瘤长度、动脉瘤宽度、颈宽、入射角和颈体角。计算了AR、SR等参数。应用多因素logistic回归分析动脉瘤破裂的相关因素。结果 破裂组与未破裂组在动脉瘤直径、动脉瘤位置、高宽比（AR）、载瘤动脉直径之比（SR）、长宽比、入射角、颈体角等方面有显著性差异;SR越大,破裂风险越大（OR=18.825;95%CI:2.782～126.529;P=0.008）;AR越大,破裂风险越大（OR=0.453;95%CI:0.281～0.758;P=0.012）;入射角度越大,破裂风险越大（OR=1.063;95%CI:1.015～1.125;P=0.009）。SR、AR和入射角是颅内动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素。结论 除了动脉瘤的位置和大小是动脉瘤破裂的危险因素外,还应评估SR、AR和入射角等形态学参数,以更好地评估颅内动脉瘤破裂的危险性。     

CT鉴别诊断儿童TFE3重排肾细胞癌与Wilms瘤

目的 观察CT鉴别诊断儿童TFE3重排肾细胞癌(TFE3 RCC)与Wilms瘤(WT)的价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的10例单发TFE3 RCC(TFE3 RCC组)及20例单发WT(WT组)患儿的术前腹盆腔CT资料。对比组间病灶CT表现差异;针对差异有统计学意义的参数绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评估其鉴别儿童TFE3 RCC与WT的效能。结果 组间CT所示病灶最大径、平扫CT净值、边界清晰与否、有无病灶内钙化、动脉期和静脉期强化CT值、强化程度差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),上述各项指标鉴别诊断TFE3 RCC与WT的AUC分别为0.82、0.97、0.80、0.75、0.91、0.83及0.93。结论 CT可有效鉴别诊断儿童TFE3 RCC与WT。     

MRI鉴别诊断原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤与高级别胶质瘤深部病灶

目的探讨MRI鉴别诊断原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)与高级别胶质瘤(HGG)脑深部病灶的价值。方法分析经临床及病理证实的28例PCNSL(PCNSL组)和30例HGG(HGG组)脑深部单发病灶的常规MRI及DWI特征,测量表观扩散系数(ADC)值、相对ADC(rADC)值,根据ROC曲线确定ADC、rADC值的最佳诊断阈值及鉴别诊断PCNSL与HGG的效能。结果 PCNSL组与HGG组的囊变、坏死、出血发生率、增强形态及DWI信号强度差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。PCNSL与HGG病灶ADC值与对侧脑白质ADC值差异均有统计学意义(P均0.001);PCNSL组病灶ADC值、rADC值显著低于HGG组(P均0.001)。以ADC=0.86×10~(-3)mm~2/s为界值,鉴别诊断PCNSL与HGG的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为92.9%、80.0%和86.2%,曲线下面积为0.946(P0.001);以rADC=1.02为界值,鉴别诊断PCNSL与HGG敏感度为92.9%,特异度为86.7%,准确率为89.7%,曲线下面积为0.957(P0.001)。结论 MRI可鉴别诊断PCNSL与HGG,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。     

植入Pipeline血流导向装置治疗颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤后动脉瘤不完全闭塞的影响因素

目的 分析植入Pipeline血流导向装置治疗颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤后动脉瘤不完全闭塞的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析102例接受植入Pipeline血流导向装置的单发颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤患者,通过随访观察动脉瘤是否完全闭塞;采用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析筛选动脉瘤不完全闭塞的影响因素。结果 对102例均成功植入Pipeline。术后随访6~17个月,期间67例动脉瘤完全闭塞（完全闭塞组）、35例未完全闭塞（未完全闭塞组）,组间患者性别、年龄及基础疾病等差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,而既往支架植入史、术中是否联合应用弹簧圈栓塞、动脉瘤颈宽≥10 mm、瘤颈处存在分支血管及入射角度≥150°差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,既往支架植入史（OR=56.08、P<0.01）、瘤颈处存在分支血管（OR=11.35、P<0.01）和入射角度≥150°（OR=9.60、P<0.01）均为Pipeline血流导向装置治疗颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤后不完全闭塞的危险因素,术中联合应用弹簧圈栓塞则为其保护因素（OR=0.07、P<0.01）。结论 既往支架植入史、瘤颈处存在分支血管、入射角度≥150°及联合应用弹簧圈栓塞均为植入Pipeline治疗颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤后动脉瘤不完全闭塞的影响因素。     

双容积重建透明模式对动脉瘤栓塞效果评估的应用

目的探讨双容积重建透明模式(Dual Volume Translucent Mode,DVTM)对颅内动脉瘤(Intracranial Aneurysm,IA)栓塞效果评估的应用。方法选取2016年5月至2018年4月本院接受介入栓塞治疗的颅内动脉瘤(IA)患者119例(130个IA),所有患者于栓塞前后行二维(2D)、三维(3D)数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,并应用DVTM处理图像,分析DVTM对IA栓塞效果的评估价值。结果 2DDSA、3DDSA均检出130个弹簧圈灰白色高密度缠绕团,检出率均为100%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在评估IA致密栓塞、瘤腔较密栓塞、瘤颈较密栓塞、对比剂不显示中,2DDSA为100个(76.92%)、8个(6.16%)、12个(9.23%)、10个(7.69%),3DDSA为105个(80.77%)、10个(7.69%)、15个(11.54%)、0个(0.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3DDSA的DVTM可有效评估IA栓塞效果,可为患者术后随访复查评估复发提供重要信息,值得临床作进一步推广。     

The relationship between staying up late and risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture: A single-center study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of staying up late (SUL) on the risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture.MethodsThis case-control study included 452 patients diagnosed with IA. They were divided into ruptured and unruptured groups. Staying up late was categorized in three levels (11–12 o’clock, 12-1 o’clock, after 1 o’clock) according to the time of falling asleep. To explore the relationship between staying up late and risk of IA rupture, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsMultivariate analysis found a significant difference in the percentage of patients falling asleep at 12-1 o’clock (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.10–4.59) or after 1 o’clock (OR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.74–12.55) between the ruptured and unruptured groups. The following risk factors differed significantly between the two groups: hypertension (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.33–3.17), current smoking (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09–2.71), irregular IA (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.15–3.00), IA size ≥8 mm (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.22–3.02), MCA location (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.19–5.02), and aspect ratio (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02–1.73).ConclusionPatients who fell asleep later than 12 midnight on average showed higher risk of IA rupture. The reasons for this are not very clear. A review of the literature suggests that this association may be related to a series of physiological, pathophysiological, endocrine and metabolic changes.     

Association between surgical repair of aortic aneurysms and the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms

ObjectiveAortic aneurysms (AAs) and intracranial aneurysms (IAs) share several clinical risk factors, a genetic predisposition, and molecular signaling pathways. Nonetheless, associations between IAs and AAs remain to be thoroughly validated in large-scale studies. In addition, no effective medical therapies exist for unruptured IAs or AAs.MethodsData for this nationwide, population-based, retrospective, cohort study described herein were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The study outcomes assessed were (1) the cumulative incidence of IAs, which was compared between AA and patients without an AA and (2) the cumulative incidence of IAs in patients with AAs during the 13-year follow-up period, which was further compared among those who underwent open surgical repair (OSR), endovascular aneurysm repair or nonsurgical treatment (NST).ResultsOur analyses included 20,280 patients with an AA and 20,280 propensity score-matched patients without an AA. Compared with the patients without an AA, patients with AA exhibited a significantly increased risk of an IA diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.395; P < .001). Furthermore, 6308 patients with AAs were treated with surgical intervention and another 6308 propensity score-matched patients with AAs were not. Patients with an AA who underwent OSR had a significantly lower risk of being diagnosed with an IA than patients with an AA who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair or NST (adjusted HR, 0.491 [P < .001] and adjusted HR, 0.473 [P < .001], respectively).ConclusionsWe demonstrated an association between IAs and AAs, even after adjusting for several comorbidities. We also found that OSR was associated with fewer recognized IAs than NST.     

零回波时间动脉自旋标记MR血管成像评估颅内动脉瘤

目的 观察零回波时间(ZTE)动脉自旋标记(ASL)MR血管成像(MRA)评估颅内动脉瘤(IA)的价值。方法 对18例临床疑诊IA患者行头颈部时间飞跃法(TOF)MRA(TOF-MRA)及ZTE ASL-MRA,并于之后2天内行头颈部数字减影血管造影(DSA);评价2种MRA图像显示IA质量(优、良、中等或差)及IA定量参数(瘤高、瘤宽及瘤颈),比较其图像质量评分差异;以DSA结果为金标准,采用组内相关系数(ICC)观察3种检查所获IA定量参数的一致性。结果 18例共21个IA纳入研究。ZTE ASL-MRA显示IA图像质量评分[4(4,4)]高于TOF-MRA[4(3,4),Z=－2.40,P=0.02]。ZTE ASL-MRA(ICC=0.99、0.98、0.99)及TOF-MRA(ICC=0.96、0.96、0.93)所示IA瘤高、瘤宽及瘤颈与DSA结果的一致性均强(P均<0.05)。结论 ZTE ASL-MRA可用于无创、定量评估IA。     

双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内血泡样动脉瘤

目的观察双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内血泡样动脉瘤(BBA)的效果。方法回顾性分析45例接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的BBA患者资料,按治疗方式分为双LVIS支架组(DLS组,18例)和非双LVIS支架组(NDLS组,27例),对比2组手术效果、围手术期并发症及随访结果。结果 DLS组、NDLS组术后即刻完全栓塞率分别为72.22%(13/18)和55.56%(15/27),围手术期并发症发生率分别为16.67%(3/18)、25.93%(7/27),组间差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后3、6个月,2组神经功能恢复良好率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后3个月DLS组复发率15.38%(2/13),低于NDLS组的57.89%(11/19,P=0.03);术后6个月2组复发率(0 vs 13.33%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗BBA安全、有效,能降低术后3个月复发率。     

Patient-specific hemodynamic analysis of small internal carotid artery-ophthalmic artery aneurysms

BackgroundProphylactic treatment of unruptured small brain aneurysms is still controversial due to the low risk of rupture. Distinguishing which small aneurysms are at risk for rupture has become important for treatment. Previous studies have indicated a variety of hemodynamic properties that may influence aneurysm rupture. This study uses hemodynamic principles to evaluate these in the context of ruptured and unruptured small aneurysms in a single location.MethodsEight small internal carotid artery-ophthalmic artery (ICA-Oph) aneurysms (<10 mm) were selected from the University of California, Los Angeles, database. We analyzed rupture-related hemodynamic characteristics including flow patterns, wall shear stress (WSS), and flow impingement using previously developed patient-specific computational fluid dynamics software.ResultsMost ruptured aneurysms had complicated flow patterns in the aneurysm domes, but all of the unruptured cases showed a simple vortex. A reduction in flow velocity between the parent artery and the aneurysm sac was found in all the cases. Inside the aneurysms, the highest flow velocities were found either at the apex or neck. We also observed a trend of higher and more inhomogeneous WSS distribution within ruptured aneurysms (10.66 ± 5.99 Pa) in comparison with the unruptured ones (6.31 ± 6.47 Pa) (P < .01).ConclusionA comparison of hemodynamic properties between ruptured and unruptured small ICA-Oph aneurysms found that some hemodynamic properties vary between small aneurysms although they are similar in size and share the same anatomical location. In particular, WSS may be a useful hemodynamic factor for studying small aneurysm rupture.     

Endovascular Treatment for Lateral Wall Paraclinoid Aneurysms and the Influence of Internal Carotid Artery Angle

Lateral wall paraclinoid aneurysms (LPA) are a rare type of aneurysm located on the lesser curve side of the internal carotid artery (ICA) bend, at the level of the anterior clinoid process. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of flexion of the ICA on the morphology of aneurysms and outcome of endovascular treatment. Between 2003 and 2018, we treated 643 cases of unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms with endovascular therapy in our institution. Of those cases, aneurysms projecting laterally on preoperative angiography were defined as LPA. The degree of bending of the ICA (ICA angle) was measured and statistically analyzed in relation to the aneurysm characteristics and the occlusion status after treatment. In all, 43 aneurysms were identified. ICA angle was positively correlated with the maximum dome size of the aneurysm (P <0.01) and the aspect ratio (P <0.01), and negatively correlated with the volume coil embolization ratio (P <0.01). Complete occlusion (CO) was achieved in 23 cases (53.5%) immediately after treatment, and in 35 cases (81.4%) at follow-up. The mean ICA angle in the incomplete occlusion group was significantly larger than in the CO group (P = 0.01). Larger ICA angle resulted in recurrence, whereas smaller ICA angle was more likely to obtain progressive thrombosis (P = 0.02). Endovascular treatment for LPA was safe and effective. The degree of flexion of the ICA may contribute to the level of hemodynamic stress on the aneurysm, its morphology, and the embolization effect.     

What is the role of neurosurgeons in the current management of intracranial aneurysm in France? An analysis of professional practices

Study DesignRetrospective observational survey-based study.IntroductionIn France, intracranial aneurysm (IA) patients are managed by neurosurgeons and by interventional neuroradiologists. The growth of endovascular treatment led us to reflect on the role of neurosurgeons in the management of patients with IA. The present study aimed to highlight the current organization of IA management in France.MethodA 60-question survey was sent to the neurosurgeons in 34 hospitals managing IA patients. Thirty-three questions dealt with standards of care, follow-up procedures and the involvement of the specific specialist.ResultsTwenty-seven centers (79.4%) responded to the survey. A Vascular Multidisciplinary Discussion Team was organized, including both surgeons and neuroradiologists, in 92% of responding centers. There were department protocols in 66% of centers, a local registry in 33% and clinical trials in IA in 60%. Patients with unruptured IA were first seen by a neurosurgeon or by an interventional neuroradiologist, with different practices. For ruptured IA, the neurosurgeons were contacted first in 93% of cases, and were systematically involved in initial intensive care unit management. The patients were hospitalized in the neurosurgery department in 89% of the centers. The neurosurgeons took care of initial follow-up in 85% of the centers, and of lifetime follow-up in 36%. In most centers, radiological monitoring of IA was based on MRI angiography for patients who were embolized or under surveillance, and on CT angiography after microsurgery.ConclusionDespite the growth of endovascular treatments, the present survey and the literature highlight a major role of neurosurgeons in treatment, follow-up and care coordination.     

Female sex is associated with comparable 5-year outcomes after contemporary endovascular aneurysm repair despite more challenging anatomy

BackgroundWomen with abdominal aortic aneurysms less often meet anatomic criteria for endovascular repair and experience worse perioperative and long-term survival.MethodsWe compared long-term survival, aneurysm-related mortality, and rates of endoleaks and reinterventions between male and female patients in the Endurant Stent Graft Natural Selection Global Postmarket Registry (ENGAGE) using 2:1 propensity score matching.ResultsThere were 1130 male patients and 133 female patients, yielding 399 patients after matching (266 male patients, 133 female patients). Female patients were older, with smaller aneurysms, smaller iliac arteries, and shorter, more angulated necks, and they were more often treated outside the device instructions for use (all P < .001). Through 5 years, female patients experienced overall mortality comparable to that of well-matched male patients (34% vs 38%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.89 [0.61-1.29]; P = .54) and lower aneurysm-related mortality (0% vs 3%; P = .047). Female patients experienced higher rates of any postoperative type IA endoleak through 5 years (10% vs 1%; P < .001) but comparable rates of secondary endovascular procedures (14% vs 16%; P = .40). Female sex was independently associated with significantly higher risk of long-term type IA endoleaks (hazard ratio, 4.8 [1.2-20.8]; P = .04), even after accounting for anatomic factors. No female patient experienced aneurysm rupture during follow-up, and only one female patient underwent conversion to open repair.ConclusionsDespite more challenging anatomy, female patients in the ENGAGE registry had long-term outcomes comparable to those of male patients. However, female patients experienced higher rates of type IA endoleaks. Although standard endovascular aneurysm repair remains a viable solution for most women, whether high-risk patients may be better served with open surgery, custom-made devices, EndoAnchors (Aptus Endosystems, Sunnyvale, Calif), or chimneys is worthy of further study.