胆红素IX_α的提取与纯化研究

用直接水解法从新鲜猪胆汁中提取胆红素IX_α,所得胆红素粗品用改良的氯仿抽提法进行纯化。通过元素分析、红外光谱和质谱等对胆红素的纯度进行确证。胆红素的质谱图上出现清晰的特征谱峰,这些谱峰可望在胆红素异构体和纯度的快速检验方面得到应用。     

高胆红素血症新生儿血清心肌酶谱变化及临床意义

目的 探讨新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌细胞的影响.方法 同时检测高胆红素血症组104例及对照组新生儿60例血清总胆红素和心肌酶谱.高胆红素血症组经治疗后,再次检测血清总胆红素和心肌酶谱值.结果 高胆红素血症组与对照组的心肌酶谱值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);轻度组与重度组的心肌酶谱值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),其中以肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MD)增高尤为显著;高胆红素血症组经治疗总胆红素值正常后心肌酶谱的各项指标均接近正常值.结论 新生儿高胆红素血症可造成心肌细胞暂时性、一过性损伤.     

高胆红素血症新生儿检测心肌酶谱及肌钙蛋白I的临床意义

目的探讨高胆红素血症对新生儿心肌酶谱及肌钙蛋白(cTnI)的影响。方法选择高胆红素血症患儿63例,同时选择24例同期出生的足月生理性黄疸新生儿为对照组,测定血清总胆红素(TBIL)、心肌酶谱(CK、CK-MB),电化学发光免疫法测定肌钙蛋白(cTnI)。结果病例组与对照组比较,心肌酶谱(CK、CK-MB)、电化学发光免疫法测定肌钙蛋白(cTnI)均升高,差别有统计学意义。结论高胆红素血症可以引起新生儿心肌的损害性改变,血清总胆红素(TBIL)水平越高损害越明显,而且与早产因素相关。检测心肌酶谱(CK、CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白(cTnI)能作为高胆红素血症新生儿心肌损害的早期灵敏、特异的重要诊断指标,临床上有重要实用价值。     

新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌酶活性的影响

目的:探讨高胆红素血症患儿胆红素值与心肌酶谱改变的相关性.方法:统计本院儿科病房84例高胆红素血症新生儿的相关资料,分别于入院时和经治疗10天后黄疸基本消退时取患儿外周静脉血3 ml,进行血总胆红素(TBil)和心肌酶谱[包括谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)及肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]等检测并进行统计学分析.结果:高胆红素血症时心肌酶各项指标均高于正常值,黄疸消退后心肌酶谱各值均明显下降.结论:高胆红素血症能引起心肌细胞的损害,但经积极治疗后均能恢复正常,故应及时防治高胆红素血症.     

高胆红素血症新生儿心肌酶谱及肌钙蛋白的临床意义

目的:探讨分析高胆红素血症新生儿患者检测心肌酶谱以及肌钙蛋白的临床意义。方法:随机抽取笔者所在医院2011年7月至2014年5月间收治的100例高胆红素血症新生儿患者,设为研究组,再随机抽取同期出生的50例足月生理性黄疸患儿设为对照组,检测两组患者血清总胆红素(TBIL),心肌酶谱(CK、CK-MB),电化学发光免疫法测定肌钙蛋白(c Tn I)的水平差异,进行回顾性对比分析。结果:研究组患者的心肌酶谱(CK、CK-MB),电化学发光免疫法测定肌钙蛋白(c Tn I)水平显著显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论:对高胆红素血症新生儿患者检测心肌酶谱(CK、CK-MB)和电化学发光免疫法测定肌钙蛋白(c Tn I)能够及时有效的发现新生儿心肌损害的程度,能够作为早期灵敏、特异的重要指标,值得在临床上推广应用。     

高胆红素血症新生儿行心肌酶谱和肌钙蛋白联合检测的临床意义研究

目的:探讨高胆红素血症新生儿行心肌酶谱的肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肌钙蛋白联合检测的临床意义研究。方法:将某院2013年6月~2015年6月接收的40例病理性高胆红素血症新生儿(HBN)作为研究对象进行研究,设定为病理性黄疸组,选取同期出生的40例生理性高胆红素血症作为生理性黄疸组,对两组新生儿的CK、CKMB、AST、LDH进行分析比较,并采用电化学发光免疫法对两组新生儿的肌钙蛋白(cTnI)进行比较。结果:病理性黄疸组的CK、CKMB、AST、LDH和cTnI明显高于生理性黄疸组,两组数据之间有明显的统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:心肌酶谱CK、CKMB、AST、LDH和cTnI水平与高胆红素血症有一定关系,联合检测心肌酶谱和cTnI对HBN的诊断具有重大意义。     

203例新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌酶CK、CK—MB活性影响的临床研究

目的：探讨新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌酶活性的影响,以及与心肌损害的关系。方法：203例新生儿高胆红素血症作为治疗组,130例同期出生的正常新生儿作为对照组。监测两组治疗前后的心肌酶CK、CK—MB值。结果：胆红素含量越高,心肌酶活性也高。治疗组治疗前后心肌酶谱值比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：临床儿科医生在治疗新生儿黄疸患儿时,应将心肌酶谱列为常规检查项目,避免新生儿黄疸患儿因心肌损害而死亡。     

对一分钟胆红素临床意义的商榷

血清胆红素测定是黄疸临床诊断指标之一。血中有两种胆红素,一种在加入重氮试剂后直接显紫红色称为直接(反应)胆红素,即结合胆红素;另一种是必须加甲醇或咖啡因等加速剂后方能与重氮试剂显紫红色的称为间接(反应)胆红素,即非结合胆红素。血清一分钟胆红素系属于结合胆红素的范畴,它有定时定量的含义,但是它不完全代表结合胆红素。有的     

不同胆红素浓度对新生儿心肌酶活性影响的临床研究

目的 探讨高胆红素血症新生儿不同血清胆红素浓度对心肌酶谱及其同工酶活性的影响.方法 将符合研究对象的病例按总胆红素数值增高的水平分为3组,观察1组TBIL≤220.6μmol/L(12.9mg/dl),观察2组220.6μmol/L0.05),观察3组和观察1组、观察2组间LDH、HB-DH、CK有明显差异(P(0.05),AST、CK-MB有显著差异(P<0.01).结论 新生儿高胆红素血症可以导致心肌损害,而且胆红素浓度越高心肌损害就越重.临床工作中需重视对心肌的营养及保护性治疗.     

足月新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌损害临床分析

新生儿高胆红素血症是新生儿常见的疾病,其对神经系统的损害为大家所知,但对心肌的损害报道不是太多,本文着重介绍高胆红素血症时,心肌酶谱的变化情况,旨在探讨其对心     

The role of biomarkers in the future of drug development

Biomarkers are beginning to be used earlier in drug development, thus allowing the pharmacodynamic effects of targeted therapeutics to be explored before clinical signs and symptoms can be evaluated. This trend will continue and ultimately may enable pharmacodynamic biomarkers to be commonly used to determine therapeutic dosing based on these more accurate measures of human physiological responses. At the same time, biomarkers are also beginning to be used to determine which patients will be likely to respond to the therapeutic, thus avoiding administration to those who will not be likely to benefit. The strategy to achieve these aims and how this can lead to information that can be fed back into drug discovery is described in this perspective.     

Do whole-food animal feeding studies have any value in the safety assessment of GM crops?

The use of whole-food (grain meal contained in feed) animal-feeding studies to support the safety assessment of genetically modified crops has been contentious. This may be, in part, a consequence of poorly agreed upon study objectives. Whole-food animal-feeding studies have been postulated to be useful in detecting both expected and unexpected effects on the composition of genetically modified crops. While the justification of animal feeding studies to detect unexpected effects may be inadequately supported, there may be better justification to conduct such studies in specific cases to investigate the consequences of expected compositional effects including expression of transgenic proteins. Such studies may be justified when (1) safety cannot reasonably be predicted from other evidence, (2) reasonable hypothesis for adverse effects are postulated, (3) the compositional component in question cannot be isolated or enriched in an active form for inclusion in animal feeding studies, and (4) reasonable multiples of exposure can be accomplished relative to human diets. The study design for whole-food animal-feeding studies should be hypotheses-driven, and the types of data collected should be consistent with adverse effects that are known to occur from dietary components of biological origin.     

Current Opinion on Nanotoxicology

Nanotechnology is one of the premiere technologies available today, having expanded both as field of scientific study and in the public consciousness. Despite this growth, the drawbacks, limitations and potential safety hazards associated with the incorporation of nanotechnology into existing industries are still being learned. The noticeable point is that there is no enough data available yet to analyze global use of nanotechnology from a meta-perspective. Three challenges can be defined in light of nanotoxicology. One, materials that might prove to be significantly toxic must be identified. Two, a system for the categorization of NP materials must be codified and made available to toxicologists. Third, a better understanding of nanoparticles biological interactions must be obtained, in order to make the best use of the first two goals. For all three, it must be remembered that research standards need to be developed for the gathering of data on the nanoscale, as that level is where the NPs and the patient’s biosystems will be interacting.As requiring toxicologists to become nanotechnology experts would not be feasible, to properly incorporate the care of nanotoxicity into the existing medical framework, a range of experts across multiple fields of study must work in close synchronization. The focus needs to be on mechanism-driven research to ensure a solid scientific foundation for the assessment of NP and their role in healthcare.     

本科生儿科护理临床带教问题分析

本科生儿科护理在毕业之前,需要进行实习,其中儿科临床带教属于一项重点。因为儿科患者年纪较小,因此在进行护理时,需要格外注意。本研究通过观察2008～2012年在笔者所在医院儿科实习的65例本科生护理的实习表现,总结临床带教的问题分析,首先需要对实习生进行素质培养,同时端正其工作态度,采取有效措施培养学习兴趣。然后,需要从患儿的心理特点出发,注重对护理内容进行强化学习,培养学生掌握细心观察的方法。最后,需要进行职业道德教育,树立良好的形象,促进护理人员与患儿之间的有效沟通。     

Comments on 'the great legalization debate'

The debate over the legalization of drugs should be encouraged so that an appropriate and acceptable strategy can be formulated. Any policy should be based on the available data which should not be used selectively to establish an ideological position. Ultimately, the policy should be determined by what outcomes are considered to be the most desirable, taking into account both short term and long term objectives.     

非药品冒充药品问题的成因分析及对策

目的为非药品冒充药品的监管提供对策。方法介绍非药品冒充药品的形式,分析非药品冒充药品的危害及原因。结果与结论建议修改《药品管理法》对＂药品＂的定义,完善法律责任,并加强各相关部门的协调配合。     

透皮吸收实验推导皮肤吸收值的规范化研究

考虑到相当数量的化学物质主要通过皮肤途径暴露,将毒理学经口染毒的试验方法和试验结果外推到透皮吸收实验,建立统一的皮肤吸收值的设置规范已逐步成为当下的研究热点。透皮吸收试验方法可分为体内和体外两种,各有其优缺点和适用范围。为了减少实验变异并提高体内外研究数据解释的一致性,研究方案的标准化非常重要,而在进行风险评估时对皮肤吸收值的设置也应走向规范化。在实验数据待定时,应依据制剂类型选择相应的皮肤吸收值,如果需要确定皮肤吸收的制剂是密切相关的,则可使用另一种制剂的皮肤吸收数据作为参考,在必要的情况下须逐案进行判断。     

Eggshell skulls and loss of hair from fright: some moral and legal principles that protect susceptible subpopulations

Some of the legislation authorizing the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) regulation of toxic substances, principles deeply embedded in our legal system, and some moral principles tend to support the claim that all of us, even the most susceptible, have equal standing to be protected from harms from toxic substances. Information about susceptible subpopulations should be part of risk assessment, either as default considerations or as a result of empirical research. Risk assessment is the step in a regulatory process where higher risks to sensitive subpopulations should be recognized regardless of the statute authorizing agency action. If we do not acknowledge susceptible subpopulations in risk assessment, this suggests that they do not have sufficient standing to be protected. Such a view would be unacceptable. However, because full protection for susceptible subpopulations might be costly, risk managers may have to be imaginative in finding regulatory options to provide these protections.     

继续医学教育的实践与思考

通过调查375名学员对继续医学教育项目的评价,认为要办好继续医学教育项目,要做到:教材新内容精、教师既善讲又善做、管理要到位、要注重效果;提出了重视对继续医学教育效果的评价,对各类卫技人员都要开展继续医学教育和继续医学教育本身也要采用新技术的思考。     

198例口腔局部麻醉手术中的护理干预

目的观察在口腔局部麻醉手术中实行护理干预的临床效果。方法对2009年1月~2010年1月期间198例在笔者所在医院手术室接受口腔局麻手术患者实施护理干预,具体内容为:充分术前准备、心理干预、手术解释、指导手术中患者呼吸、学习术中配合等。手术后调查患者术中主观体验。对患者耐受手术情况进行分类。患者术后主观感觉良好,心理轻松,能顺利配合手术的为1级。患者术后主观感觉较好,术中感觉有心理压力,经加强护理后能够耐受手术进行的为2级。术中很紧张,经加强护理后勉强耐受手术进行的为3级。术中很紧张,经加强护理后仍无法耐受手术进行的为4级。结果 198例中135例(68.2%)为1级,46例(23.2%)为2级,16例(7.6%)为3级,1例(0.5%)为4级。结论在口腔局麻手术中,术前术中实施积极护理干预,能保证手术顺利进行。