痛风的中医治疗现状

<正>痛风属中医"痹病"范畴,又名历节,白虎历节风。中医"痛风"一词首见于元代朱丹溪《格致余论》,书中记载"痛风者,四肢百节走通,方书谓之白虎历节风证是也"。现代医学认为痛风是嘌呤代谢障碍所致的一组异质性慢性代谢性疾病,其临床特点为高尿酸血症、反复发作的痛风性急性关节炎、间质性肾炎和痛风石形成;严重者伴有关节畸形或尿酸性尿路结石。综合近年来我国痛风的流行病学调查,提示沿海地区及经济发达城市痛风患病率     

饮食指导在高尿酸血症与痛风患者中的应用

高尿酸血症与痛风是嘌呤代谢障碍引起的代谢性疾病。痛风除高尿酸血症外可表现为特征性反复发作的急性关节炎、痛风石、慢性关节炎、尿酸性尿路结石、慢性间质性肾炎,甚至痛风性肾病肾功能衰竭等。高尿酸血症是痛风的无症状期,只有出现前面所述的临床表现时,才称之为痛风。高尿酸血症与痛风是继高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病之后又一常见的慢性代谢性疾病,对患者实施饮食指导可有效预防高尿酸血症发展为痛风,减少痛风急性发作次数及并发症的发生。我们通过对76例高尿酸血症与痛风患者进行科学的饮食指导,收到了良好的效果,现总结如下。     

高尿酸血症和痛风的流行病学及影响因素研究进展

<正>痛风是由于嘌呤代谢紊乱和(或)尿酸排泄障碍所导致的疾病,其临床特点为痛风性急性关节炎反复发作,形成痛风石、痛风石性慢性关节炎及关节畸形,引起间质性肾炎及尿酸肾结石。引起痛风的主要的生化基础是高尿酸血症(hyperuriecemia,HUM),然而痛风的患病率远低于高尿酸     

26例痛风患者的病理分析及预防

目的探索痛风的病理及预防。方法回顾性分析26例痛风的临床资料、病理特征、预防方式。结果痛风是嘌呤代谢紊乱所致的疾病,25例治愈,1例患者痛风复发而再次求治。临床特点为高尿酸血症,伴痛风性急性关节炎,痛风石形成,关节畸形,常累及肾脏。镜检:关节急性期滑膜表面水肿、充血,有渗出的中性粒细胞及纤维素样坏死,痛风结节形成;肾小球可正常或纤维化。肾间质-肾小管内可见尿酸盐结晶呈针状放射状排列,这是痛风肾的特征性病例变化。预防的方式:饮食,控制体质量,戒烟,多饮水,锻炼,合理的生活习惯。结论及时掌握痛风的病理变化,临床表现,科学的预防,可以降低痛风的发作,减少痛风带来的不良后果。     

痛风患者的营养治疗

痛风是长期嘌呤代谢障碍,血尿酸增高引起组织损伤的一组疾病。根据尿酸增高原因,分为原发性痛风和继发性痛风。原发性痛风由先天性或特发性嘌呤代谢紊乱引起,继发性痛风由慢性肾脏病、血液病、内分泌疾病和食物、药物引起。痛风患者的急性关节炎发作与血尿酸增高有关,而尿酸浓度往往与进食嘌呤高的饮食有直接关系。营养治疗目的是通过限制减少外源性的核蛋白,降低血尿酸水平并增加尿酸的排出,防止痛风的急性发作,减少药物用量。     

痛风发作频率与相关影响因素的分析

目的探讨痛风的发作频率与相关影响因素的关系。方法收集2006年1月～2012年7月我院门诊及住院痛风患者资料,回顾性分析导致本次痛风发作的发病诱因及发作频率等相关因素。结果大部分患者痛风急性发作都与不合理饮食有关。结论饮食不当与痛风发作有密切关系,合理膳食是预防痛风发作的关键。     

节日，当心痛风来袭

如今随着人们生活水平的不断改善，痛风的患病率也节节攀升。新春佳节即将来临，如果你是痛风患者，那可一定要管住自己的嘴，稍不留神可能就会招致痛风来袭，导致急性痛风发作。     

严重痛风石的诊治（附4例报告）

痛风是血尿酸浓度异常增高引起的全身性代谢性疾病,过多的尿酸盐沉积在关节囊、滑膜、韧带、软骨、皮下及其它组织形成半圆形痛性或无痛性肿块即为痛风石或痛风结节。此病在欧美国家多见,我国较少见。1988年4月以来,我们先后收治4例严重痛风,均有肢体关节罕见多个巨大痛风石,其中一例共有大小痛风结节32个,另一例一个膝关节内一次取出痛风石达250克,实     

健康咨询

痛风为何越治越厉害?我患有痛风,最近使用通益风宁治疗,可是服用后症状不但不减,反而加重了一些。我用的药物货真价实,也没过失效期。痛风为啥越治越厉害呢?通益风宁是治疗痛风的一种药物,含有别嘌醇和苯溴马隆两种成分。别嘌醇是目前唯一能够抑制尿酸合成的药物。苯溴马隆又名苯溴酮、苯溴香豆酮或痛风利仙,是强有力的促尿酸排泄药,多用于长期治疗高尿酸血症及痛风病。这两种药配合,应用范围广,作用可靠。     

痛风的药物防治

痛风是嘌呤代谢紊乱或尿酸排泄减少引起的一种临床综合征。其特点为高尿酸血症、特征性急性关节炎反复发作、痛风石沉积、痛风石性慢性关节炎，且常累及肾脏［1］。关节滑液尿酸盐晶体的检出或痛风石的出现为确诊的依据。随着饮食结构和环境因素的改变、经济的发展及人类寿命的延长，痛风的发病率日益增高，成为当今世界尤其是中老年男性的常见病［2，3］。临床治疗痛风需要达到两个目的：及时控制痛风性关节炎的急性发作；长期治疗高尿酸血症，预防尿酸盐沉积及痛风急性复发，促进痛风石的吸收［4］。下面简述痛风的防治。1急性痛风性关节…     

微透析技术在皮肤药理学中的应用进展

微透析是一种活体的取样技术,在皮肤药理学的研究中应用广泛。微透析被用于外用制剂的生物等效性、制剂的透皮吸收、监测皮肤炎症介质、皮肤组织的内分泌、中药经皮代谢等相关研究。近年来,微透析向联用各种分析检测技术的方向发展,如联用超高效液相色谱、液质联用、酶标记免疫吸附测定等。然而,该技术本身也存在一些缺点,如油水分配系数较大药物的测定、低含量药物的测定、探针植入重现性等问题。文中综述了该技术的原理、优点、缺点及在皮肤药理学研究中的应用进展。     

来氟米特治疗类风湿关节炎研究进展

来氟米特是第一个专门针对类风湿关节炎的改善病程药,具有独特的作用机制,国内外临床试验发现,来氟米特对类风湿关节炎有很好的治疗效果。可以有效地控制疾病的进展,阻止骨质破坏,改善患者的生活质量,不良反应少,程度轻,具有较好的应用前景。     

钙镁磷肥硅测定的几个问题

钙镁磷肥中硅测定采用氟硅酸钾容量法时 ,由于溶样存在问题 ,使硅含量偏离真实值 ,通过试验 ,认为 w(Si O2 ) >30 %或 Mg O含量偏低 (<10 % )的样品 ,不能用盐酸溶样 ,需用王水 ,并提出分析硅含量应注意的事项     

益胆片中绿原酸含量的测量不确定度评定

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定益胆片中绿原酸含量的测量不确定度评定方法。方法采用HPLC法测定绿原酸的含量,运用现代误差理论,建立数学模型,分析不确定度来源,量化各不确定度分量,对合成不确定度进行评估。结果本次实验的不确定度评估为0.088mg.片-1。结论建立的计算方法实用、可靠,影响本次实验测定结果不确定度的最主要因素是片重差异。     

Intravesical valrubicin in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder

The propensity of patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder to progress to invasive and metastatic disease is clearly established. Today, the standard therapy in treating patients with CIS of the bladder is intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Nevertheless, patients who fail intravesical BCG have few viable options except to undergo a radical cystectomy. Valrubicin (N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate) is a new semisynthetic derivative of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin that has been shown to benefit patients with BCG-refractory CIS of the bladder. Intravesical instillation of valrubicin is well-tolerated, safe and can be durable. Early non-randomised studies show promise and the current utilisation of this drug is limited to patients with BCG-refractory CIS of the bladder who are not good surgical candidates. Randomised studies of intravesical valrubicin for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer are ongoing.     

甘露醇的药用研究进展

甘露醇是一种重要的海洋生物活性物质，既可用作原料药配制甘露醇注射液；也可作为药用辅料与许多制剂配伍使用；同时还可以合成一系列衍生药物。现系统阐述甘露醇作为原料药和药用辅料的具体应用，并重点论述目前其药用衍生物的制备方法、性质和医药用途。     

Metabolic activation of drugs in mutagenicity tests in vitro

The metabolic pathways of chemical compounds of pharmaceutical interest are reviewed in relation to the role of activation and detoxification in the process of mutagenicity. The properties and subcellular localization of the enzymes involved are given together with the main reactions they catalyze.The role of metabolism in mutagenicity testing in vitro is discussed with special emphasis on the choice of the enzymatic system. Parameters such as species, strain, age, sex, diet, and induction are considered. The effect of various enzymatic effectors added in vitro is also discussed. It is concluded that the metabolism of drugs is very complex, involving both activation and detoxification processes catalyzed by a large variety of enzymes. Production of mutations in vitro in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells is the results of a balance between all those pathways. Metabolic activation thus merits special attention.     

Decreased in vivo acetylation of sulfisoxazole in the rabbit in the presence of 4-N-acetylsulfisoxazole

When 4-N-acetyl-sulfisoxazole, the primary metabolite of sulfisoxazole, is to accumulate by continuous infusion, a decrease in the plasma pritein binding, tissue protein binding and metabolism of sulfisoxazole is observed. A 5-fold decreased in unbound metabolic clearance, which represents the intrinsic ability of the rabit to acetylate sulfisoxazole, supports the idea that product inhibition takes place. However, this decrease in the metabolism appears to be much less pronounced when the total metabolic clearance is considered because the effect is partially obscured by decreased plasma protein binding.     

胰腺癌淋巴转移分子机制研究进展

胰腺癌是实体肿瘤中恶性程度最高的肿瘤之一,具有发病隐匿、手术切除率低、局部侵袭性强、早期容易发生转移、术后易复发、总体预后极差等特点。淋巴转移是胰腺癌最主要的转移方式,也是胰腺癌患者的早期不良预后事件,同时也是胰腺癌术后独立不良预后因子。胰腺癌淋巴转移的发生并不是偶然或随机事件,而更像是由肿瘤细胞与其周围微环境共同精心策划的。越来越多的研究表明,肿瘤转移起始细胞（或肿瘤干细胞）与肿瘤微环境在胰腺癌淋巴转移中起着“唱双簧”的作用。然而,参与整个转移过程的细胞与分子机制复杂,尚未完全阐明。本文结合近年相关文献对胰腺癌淋巴转移的细胞分子机制进行讨论。     

Role of biokinetics in risk assessment of drugs and chemicals in children

Whether children incur different risks from xenobiotics than adults will depend on the exposure, biokinetics, and dynamics of compound. In this paper, current knowledge on developmental physiology and possible effects on biokinetics are evaluated and the role of biokinetics in risk assessment both for drugs and chemicals is discussed. It is concluded that most dramatic age-related physiological changes that may affect biokinetics occur in the first 6-12 months of age. The difference in internal exposure between children and adults can generally be predicted from already known developmental physiological differences. However, for risk assessment it will also be necessary to determine whether internal exposure is within the drug's therapeutic window or if it will exceed the NOAEL of a chemical. Furthermore, the effects of internal exposure of potentially harmful compounds on developing organ systems is of utmost importance. However, knowledge on this aspect is very limited. Risk assessment in children could be improved by: (1) application of pediatric PBPK-models in order to gain insight into internal exposure in children, (2) studies in juvenile animals for studying effects on developing systems, and (3) extrapolation of knowledge on the relationship between internal exposure and dynamics for drugs to other chemicals.