Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality rates and outcomes in myocardial infarction

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major cardiovascular risk factor for increased risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (MI). DM is also associated with a poorer clinical outcome in MI.Materials and methodsThe nationwide German inpatient population treated between 2005 and 2016 was used for statistical analyses. Hospitalized MI patients were stratified by the presence of DM and investigated for the impact of DM on in-hospital events.ResultsIn total, 3,307,703 hospitalizations for acute MI (37.6% female patients, 56.8% aged ≥ 70 years) treated in Germany during 2005–2016 were included in this analysis. Of these patients, 410,737 (12.4%) died while in hospital. Overall, 1,007,326 (30.5%) MI cases were coded for DM. While the rate of MI patients with DM increased slightly over time, from 29.8% in 2005 to 30.7% in 2016 (β = 7.04, 95% CI: 4.13–9.94; P < 0.001), their in-hospital mortality decreased from 15.2% to 11.5% (β = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.34; P < 0.001). Rates of in-hospital death (13.2% vs 12.1%; P < 0.001) and recurrent MI (0.8% vs 0.6%; P < 0.001) were higher in MI patients with vs without DM. Also, in MI patients with DM, significantly lower use of coronary artery angiography (51.5% vs 56.8%; P < 0.001) and interventional revascularization (37.6% vs 43.9%; P < 0.001) was noted.ConclusionAlthough in-hospital mortality of patients with MI decreased in both diabetes and non-diabetes patients, in-hospital deaths were still higher in diabetes patients, thereby revealing the impact of this metabolic disorder on cardiovascular outcomes.     

Long-term clinical outcomes after rescue angioplasty are not different from those of successful thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction.

AIMS: The long-term value of rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who received thrombolytic therapy but failed to achieve early recanalization of the artery is still debated. This study aimed to compare long-term outcomes after successful thrombolysis vs. systematic attempted rescue PTCA. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 362 consecutive patients with STEMI hospitalized within 6 h of symptom onset and treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy were studied. Of these, 345 underwent coronary angiography within 90 min. Sixty per cent of patients achieved TIMI 3 flow and were treated medically; the in-hospital death rate in this group was 4%. Nine per cent of patients had TIMI 2 flow and 31% TIMI 0-1 flow. In this latter group, rescue PTCA was attempted in 85.8% with a hospital death rate of 5.5% (20% with failed vs. 4% with successful rescue PTCA, P=0.03). Eight year actuarial survival without recurrent myocardial infarction was no different in patients who had successful thrombolytic therapy and in patients with attempted rescue PTCA [78 and 95% CI (71-85) vs. 78 and 95% CI (68-87), respectively, hazard ratio: 0.93 (0.52-1.65), P=0.80]. Total mortality, cardiac mortality, and other composite endpoints also did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: Routine attempted rescue PTCA 90 min after thrombolytic therapy in patients with persistent occlusion of the infarct-related vessels achieves long-term clinical outcomes which do not differ from those obtained by successful thrombolysis.     

首次心肌梗死后择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的长期预后分析

目的　回顾性分析首次急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者择期接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的远期预后。方法　对 1998年 5月至 2 0 0 0年 12月间在我院成功实施了择期PCI(≤ 6个月 )的首次AMI患者 5 0 3例进行了随访。随访到 468例 ( 93 0 % ) ,随访时间 17～ 5 1个月 ,中位数 2 8个月。用Kaplan Meier法计算生存率和无心脏事件生存率 ,用Cox回归法对预后进行单因素及多因素分析。结果　随访期内死亡 3例 (0 6 % ) ,非致命性心肌梗死 5例 (1 1% ) ,冠状动脉旁路移植术 9例 (1 9% ) ,重复PCI 2 1例 (4 5 % ) ,心绞痛复发 12 0例(2 5 6 % )。术后 1、2、3和 4年的生存率分别为 10 0 0 %、99 5 %、99 2 %和 99 2 % ,无心脏事件生存率分别为95 1%、93 6 %、92 1%和 90 3%。术后NYHA心功能Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ级的患者分别占 94 9%、4 7%和 0 4 %。单因素分析显示左室射血分数≤ 4 0 %和多支病变与心脏事件正相关 ;女性、糖尿病、高甘油三酯血症和多支病变与心绞痛复发正相关。多因素分析显示多支病变与心脏事件正相关 (RR =2 816 ,P <0 0 0 1) ;高甘油三酯血症 (RR =1 5 31,P =0 0 2 5 )和多支病变 (RR =1 4 77,P =0 0 0 4 )与心绞痛复发正相关。结论　对首次AMI患者择期 (≤ 6个月 )行PCI治疗 ,远期预后良好     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓失败患者行补救性经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术临床研究

为评价溶栓失败急性心肌梗塞（AMI）行补救性经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）的疗效及安全性，对35例AMI患者溶栓后90min行冠状动脉造影。根据梗塞相关动脉开通情况，16例成功者（甲组）中12例7～21d后行延迟PTCA治疗；19例失败者（乙组）中13例（乙1组）即刻行补救性PTCA，其余6例（乙2组）溶栓失败而未行PTCA者给一般药物治疗。结果表明，甲级中12例行延迟PTCA，成功11例（91．6％），正例于PTCA中出现冠状动脉急性闭塞并致小灶下壁心肌梗塞；乙1组13例行补救PTCA，全部成功（100％）。甲组住院期总心脏事件发生率（19％）与乙1组（23％）相似，且出院前心功能无显著差异。而乙2组6例中住院期死亡率（33％）及总心脏事件发生率（50％）增高。提示AMI溶栓失败患者补救PTCA成功率高、并发症少，能减少住院期心脏事件并促进左心室功能改善。     

Transfer for urgent percutaneous coronary intervention early after thrombolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the TRANSFER-AMI pilot feasibility study

BACKGROUND: Most hospitals in Canada do not have percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) facilities and use thrombolysis as reperfusion therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Urgent PCI after thrombolysis may optimize reperfusion and prevent reinfarction and recurrent ischemia. OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of transferring high-risk STEMI patients from community hospitals in Ontario to PCI centres for urgent PCI within 6 h of thrombolysis. METHODS: Patients with anterior or high-risk inferior STEMI received tenecteplase and were urgently transferred to PCI centres. PCI was performed if at least 70% stenosis was present in the infarct-related artery, regardless of flow, using coronary stents. Transfer of stable patients back to community hospitals was encouraged 24 h to 48 h after PCI. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were transferred and underwent PCI a median of 3.9 h (range 2.7 h to 6.4 h) after thrombolysis. No complications occurred during transfer. One death occurred that was related to failed reperfusion and cardiogenic shock. Minor access-site bleeding occurred in five patients. Fifteen patients were transferred back to their community hospitals within 24 h of PCI. There were no further deaths or reinfarctions at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transfer of high-risk STEMI patients for urgent PCI within 6 h after thrombolysis appears feasible. The randomized trial phase of the Trial of Routine ANgioplasty and Stenting after Fibrinolysis to Enhance Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (TRANSFER-AMI) will compare this strategy with standard treatment after thrombolysis.     

糖尿病对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的采用心电图ST段回落指数（STR）和冠状动脉造影心肌呈色分级（MBG）评价糖尿病对急性心肌梗死（AMI）直接PCI后心肌灌注以及患者预后影响的价值。方法287例AMI并行急诊PCI的患者依据病史以及入院前是否接受药物和非药物降糖治疗的情况分为糖尿病组（n=95例）和非糖尿病组（n=192例）。所有患者分析心电图STR和MBG,并进行临床随诊。结果与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病组年龄较大[（65±12）岁比（57±11）岁,P〈0．05]。两组PCI术后TIMIⅢ级血流的患者数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。糖尿病组心肌微循环灌注不良多于非糖尿病组（MBG 0／156．0％比41．1％,P=0．019）,ST段回落不全也多于非糖尿病组（43．2％比30．7％,P=0．038）。糖尿病组患者在随诊期间联合终点事件的发生率明显多于非糖尿病组（27．4％比16．1％,P=0．025）。多因素回归分析显示糖尿病是患者预后不良的独立危险因素（RR=1．83,95％CI：1．04～3．36,P=0．01）。患者接受再灌注的时间（RR=3．63,95％CI：1．27～10．42,P=0．03）、ST段回落不全（RR=11．71,95％CI：1．53～38．70,P=0．03）以及MBG0／1（RR=1．16,95％CI：1．03～1．38,P=0．01）与患者预后不良相关。结论糖尿病是AMI患者在成功接受介入治疗术后预后不良的独立危险因素,这可能与糖尿病患者出现心肌微循环灌注不良有关。     

急性心肌梗死后侧支循环的形成及糖尿病对其影响

目的 了解急性心肌梗死（AMI）后侧支循环形成的情况及糖尿病对其影响。方法 采用1996年12月－1999年12月阜外医院介入治疗中心收治的AMI后3个月内冠状动脉造影显示梗死相关病变仍完全闭塞者共210例作为研究对象。回顾性分析每例患者有无侧支循环形成、侧支循环形成的时间以及侧支循环与梗死相关病变部位、梗死前心绞痛和室壁瘤形成之间的关系，并比较合并（48例）与不合并糖尿病（162例）患者侧支循环形成的不同。侧支循环的评价采用计分法。结果 AMI后2周内42．8％的患者可见侧支循环，第3周达60．0％，1个月时高达75．3％，说明AMI后2周即有侧支循环的形成，多数形成于3－4周。梗死后1－3个月左室造影显示有室壁瘤形成的11例非糖尿病AMI患者中只有2例可侧支循环（18．2％），而无室壁瘤形成的87例非糖尿病AMI患者中83例可侧支循环（95．4％）。与非糖尿病患者相比，合并糖尿病的AMI患者梗死后第4周方可见侧支循环。48例糖尿病患者侧支循环计分平均0．35，只有9例可侧支循环（18．8％）；而162例非糖尿病患者侧支循环计分平均2．42，140例有侧支循环形成（86．4％）。结论 AMI后如梗死相关病变仍完全闭塞，绝大多数于3－4周形成侧支循环。室壁瘤患者很少形成侧支循环，糖尿病影响侧支循环的建立。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉内支架置入术的临床疗效

目的：评价老年急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者梗死相关动脉支架置入术的疗效及安全性。方法：对41例年龄≥70岁的老年急性心肌梗死患者在发病12h以内行梗死相关动脉直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）加冠状动脉内支架置入术。梗死相关动脉：前降支21例（51．2％）,回旋支7例（17．1％）,右冠状动脉13例（31．7％）。心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验（TIMI）血流：0级29例,1级7例,2级5例。结果：41例患者梗死相关动脉共置入支架48个,术中死亡1例,死于心源性休克,手术成功率97．6％（40／41）。术后TIMI血流3级为37例（90．2％）。住院期间死亡1例,死于肾功能衰竭。临床总成功率为95．1％（39／41）。随访36例,1例出现心绞痛,心血管造影证实为再狭窄,行切割球囊成形术;1例出院后因充血性心力衰竭再次入院治疗;其余34例未再发心绞痛。结论：老年AMI患者梗死相关动脉PTCA加支架置入术成功率高、并发症低,近期临床疗效确切。     

糖尿病患者静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞临床对比研究

目的探讨糖尿病患者静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞临床近期疗效。方法冠心病监护病房(CCU)收治的182例急性心肌梗塞患者,分成糖尿病(DM-AMI)组、非糖尿病(NDM-AMI)组。其中DM-AMI组66例、NDM-AMI组116例。两组同时给予国产尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗。结果①DM-AMI组住院病死率为15.15％,明显高于NDM-AMI组的6.03％(χ2=4.17,P＜0.05);DM-AMI组静脉尿激酶溶栓治疗梗塞相关血管(IRA)的再通率为45.45％,明显低于NDM-AMI组的62.93％(χ2=5.23,P＜0.05),②DM-AMI组静脉血糖(BS)、肌酐(CR)、尿素氮(BUN)、胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)浓度均显著高于NDM-AMI组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);③DM-AMI组合并症明显高于NDM-AMI组,尤以心力衰竭最显著(36.36％vs12.97％,χ2=13.72,P＜0.001),其次为心源性休克(16.67％vs6.03％,χ2=5.33,P＜0.05)。结论静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞对非糖尿病患者合并急性心肌梗塞近期疗效显著,但对于糖尿病患者合并的急性心肌梗塞近期疗效不明显。     

Glucometabolic responses during Glucose Tolerance Test: A comparison between known diabetes and newly detected diabetes after acute myocardial infarction

Background

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) newly detects diabetes (new diabetes) in a substantial number of patients without a history of diabetes (known diabetes) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients with new diabetes have poor outcomes, despite their lower HbA1c levels.

Methods

This study consisted of 53 patients with new diabetes and 47 patients with known diabetes who underwent GTT 1 week after AMI. Sixty-eight patients with normal GTT and 78 patients with impaired glucose tolerance served as control. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at fasting, 30 m, 60 m and 120 m after glucose load. Peak glucose-fasting glucose was used as a measure of glucose fluctuation. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and the Stumvoll's equations were used to assess insulin sensitivity and ß-cell function, respectively.

Results

Fasting glucose (115 ± 20 mg/dl versus 129 ± 41 mg/dl, p = 0.02) and hemoglobin A1C (5.7 ± 0.5% versus 6.7 ± 1.4%, p < 0.001) in new diabetes were significantly lower than known diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was similarly impaired in both new diabetes and known diabetes (3.2 ± 2.2 versus 3.0 ± 1.9, p = 0.58). Impairment of insulin secretion was less severe in new diabetes than in known diabetes. Peak glucose-fasting glucose was significantly greater in diabetic patients than inpatients with normal GTT (75 ± 30 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and impaired glucose tolerance (95 ± 24 mg/dl, p < 0.001), with no difference between new diabetes and known diabetes (156 ± 36 mg/dl versus 165 ± 57 mg/dl, p = 0.36).

Conclusions

These findings suggested that insulin resistance and exaggerated glucose fluctuation could be attributable to poor outcomes after AMI in patients with new diabetes.     

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and the timing, extent and mortality in ST elevation myocardial infarction

AIMS: While natriuretic peptides have demonstrated diagnostic and prognostic potential in cardiac disorders, little is known about their relationship with the onset and quantification of myocardial infarction. The relationship of serial N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with duration from symptom onset, infarct size and prognosis in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous intervention was examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-one STEMI patients in the COMplement inhibition in Myocardial infarction treated with Angioplasty (COMMA) trial, which evaluated pexelizumab versus placebo, were studied. NT-proBNP (pg/mL) was measured at randomization, 24 h and 72 h; creatine kinase-MB area under the curve was measured at 72 h; and QRS score was assessed at discharge. Prognosis was ascertained from the 90-day composite clinical outcome of death, shock, stroke and congestive heart failure. Multivariate logistical regression was used to adjust for baseline characteristics for models at randomization, 24 h and 72 h. NT-proBNP was higher in patients with longer time from symptom onset (P<0.001) and correlated with measures of infarct size, including the area under the curve (P<0.001) and QRS score (P<0.001). Patients reaching the primary end point had markedly higher NT-proBNP at each sampling period (P<0.001). NT-proBNP at all time points was the strongest independent predictor of the primary end point in the multivariate model: in the 24 h model, only age and 24 h NT-proBNP (C-index 0.83); and only age, Killip class and NT-proBNP was in the 72 h model (C-index 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Higher NT-proBNP at 24 h correlated with larger infarct size and worse clinical outcomes. NT-proBNP at baseline, 24 h and 72 h after presentation with acute STEMI, is an independent predictor of a poor outcome and adds clinically useful prognostic information.     

急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后心肌灌注的方法评价

目的　联合应用TIMI心肌灌注分级 (TMP)、校正的TIMI画面记帧 (CTFC)、心电图ST段变化 (sumSTR)方法评价急性心肌梗死 (AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)后心肌灌注程度 ,探讨心肌灌注程度对临床预后的影响。方法　 77例AMI患者PCI后即刻采用TMP CTFC、TMP sumSTR、CTFC sumSTR三种联合方法评价心肌灌注程度 ,PCI术后 1个月检查双核素心肌灌注显像 ,记录 6个月心脏事件。结果　评价心肌灌注程度 ,与双核素心肌灌注显像对比 ,TMP sumSTR敏感性 86 7%、特异性 85 7%、准确性 86 2 % ;TMP CTFC敏感性 80 %、特异性 77 1%、准确性 78 5 % ;多变量回归分析TMP 0 / 1级 sumSTR <30 %为 6个月心脏事件的独立危险因子 (OR=2 1 5 ,95 %可信区间 2 7～ 6 5 7,P =0 0 0 3) ;Kaplan Meier分析曲线显示TMP sumSTR方法评价的心肌灌注不良组 6个月心脏事件高于心肌灌注良好组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　TMP sumSTR、TMP CTFC能更好的评价心肌灌注程度 ;TMP sumSTR可预测 6个月心脏事件。     

通心络对急性心肌梗死患者再灌注后心肌和微血管的保护性研究

目的观察通心络胶囊对急性心肌梗死(AMI)接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)或溶栓治疗后患者心肌和微血管保护作用和可能产生的机制。方法对我院收治的ST段抬高的AMI患者,成功实施PCI或溶栓治疗的患者,随机分为常规药物治疗作为对照组(52例)和同时加服用通心络胶囊的治疗组(60例)。于发病后不同时间连续观察多普勒二维超声心动图(2DE)的室壁异常节段恢复状态、左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)改变,并于6个月时与同位素心肌显像结果进行对照分析。结果冠状动脉血管重建后(1)在通心络组中,1周、2周和1个月时异常室壁运动节段恢复率(分别为11.7%,18.1%和18.8%)较对照组明显高(分别为4.1%,8.3%和11.1%)(均P<0.05);6个月时通心络组的总恢复率高达70.0%,也明显高于对照组的51.7%。(2)1周、2周和1个月时通心络组LVEDV与对照组容积增加比率相当(均P>0.05);3个月和6个月时通心络组LVEDV增加比率较对照组明显降低(均P<0.01)。(3)治疗初,通心络组LVEF与对照组相当(P>0.05);治疗后1周、2周和1个月时两组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);3个月时和6个月时,通心络组恢复明显高于对照组(P<0.01和0.05)。(4)2DE的左心室室壁节段运动评分指数(WMSI)治疗初通心络组与对照组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月时,通心     

延迟经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对急性心肌梗死患者左室心功能的影响

目的　本研究评价延迟的经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)所产生的梗死区再灌注血流对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者左心室功能恢复的影响。方法　 33例初次Q波型AMI患者 ,于发病 2～3周内分别进行PTCA治疗。全部病例梗塞相关血管均为完全或次全闭塞病变。经过左心室造影应用面积长轴法计算每例患者的左室射血分数 (LVEF) ,梗塞区室壁运动百分率 ,左心室舒张末容积指数 (EDVI)及Cortina室壁运动不良积分。PTCA 6个月后所有患者重复进行左心室造影及重复以上指标的测量。结果　在PTCA 6个月后 ,本组病例表现出左室局部及整体收缩功能明显改善 [LVEF(5 5 2± 10 1) %vs (4 9 2± 9 9) % ,P <0 0 1]。梗塞区收缩百分率 [(12 8± 5 2 ) %vs (11 5± 6 0 ) % ,P <0 0 5 ]。Cortina室壁运动不良积分下降 [(7 6± 3 2 )vs (9 2± 2 8) ,P <0 0 1]。而EDVI则无明显变化 ,说明左心室的扩张受到了限制。结论　提示Q波型急性心肌梗死接受延迟的PTCA再血管化治疗有益于患者左心功能的恢复。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉支架成形术后心肌组织水平灌注的评价

目的　观察老年急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入 (PCI)治疗成功后 ,即心肌梗死溶栓治疗 (TIMI)血流达到 3级时 ,校正TIMI帧数 (CTFC)与心电图ST段回落联合评价心肌组织水平灌注的可行性。　方法　选取接受PCI治疗后血流达TIMI 3级的老年急性心肌梗死患者 4 2例 ,测定CTFC ,并在术前及术后 1个月分别测定室壁运动记分 (WMSI)。观察CTFC与WMSI之间的相关性 ,同时检查术前及术后 1h心电图ST段回落情况。　结果　按照CTFC数值的高低 ,将TIMI 3级者分为血流快、慢两组 ,快CTFC组ST段完全回落比例明显高于慢CTFC组 (5 9 3%对 2 0 0 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;1个月后快CTFC组的室壁运动记分改善程度 (△WMSI)明显大于慢CTFC组 (1 33± 0 39对0 6 2± 0 34,P <0 0 5 ) ,CTFC与术前、术后WMSI的差值有明显的负相关 (r =- 0 80 11,P <0 0 5 ) ;慢CTFC组患者从发病到接受PCI治疗的时间明显长于快CTFC组〔(5 8± 2 6 )h对 (4 5±2 2 )h ,P <0 0 5 )。　结论　CTFC作为一种定量、客观、简单、经济、重复性好的方法评价心肌微循环灌注情况 ,较低的CTFC及心电图ST段回落完全预示着良好的心功能恢复及临床预后 ,可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的依据。     

急性心肌梗死经转运行直接冠状动脉介入治疗的安全性及临床疗效

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)后不同时间转运行直接急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和临床疗效.方法 因ST段抬高性的AMI收住外院,并转运至我院行急诊直接PCI的患者,按照发病至开始转诊的时间分为早期转运组(<6 h)、延迟转运组(6～24 h)和晚期转运组(24 h～1周).观察各组转运安全性、急诊PCI术成功率和1个月随访期间左室功能及临床疗效.结果 83例AMI经急诊转入我院接受PCI患者中,早期转运26例,延迟转运39例,晚期转运18例.转运过程中除早期转运和延迟转运组各有2例(分别占7.7%和5.1%)发生心绞痛症状外,各组均无死亡、心力衰竭、心原性休克、室性心动过速和心室颤动等严重心脏事件发生.所有患者均接受了急诊直接PCI术,各组开始转运至球囊扩张时间均在180 min左右.早期转运组PCI成功率为92.3%,延迟转运组为89.7%,晚期转运组为94.4%,各组间比较差异无统计学意义.PCI术后1个月内随访,早期转运组无心脏事件发生;延迟转运组4例(10.3%)发生失代偿性心力衰竭,其中1例(2.6%)在1个月内因心力衰竭死亡;晚期转运组3例(16.7%)发生失代偿心力衰竭,治疗好转出院.3～4周超声心动图示早期转运组左室射血分数为53.2%±9.7%,明显高于延迟转运(48.6%±8.2%,P<0.05)和晚期转运组(43.1%±10.3%,P<0.01).结论 AMI后不同时间对经选择的患者采取转运直接PCI是安全的,且早期转运PCI的疗效明显优于延迟或晚期转运的患者.     

急诊经桡动脉冠状动脉介入治疗疗效和安全性评价

目的 评价急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经桡动脉冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和有效性.方法 连续人选我院2004-2007年因STEMI行急诊PCI患者446例,其中经桡动脉介入242例,经股动脉介入204例.比较两组手术操作成功率、再灌注时间、手术时间、X线曝光量、造影剂用量、并发症和近远期预后.结果 与经股动脉介入比较,经桡动脉介入的急诊PCI完成时间延长[(62.1±23.4)rain比(56.8±16.7)min],X线曝光量增加[(2829.4±1365.2)mGY比(2352.3±903.1)mGY]、手术操作成功率下降(4%比0.9%),PCI再灌注时间＞60 min的比例升高(7.44%比2.94%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 经桡动脉行急诊PCI手术操作成功率低于经股动脉,影响急诊PCI再灌注时间,桡动脉介入操作困难时应果断更改手术人路.

Abstract：

Objectives To compare the safety and efficacy of radial artery access versus femoral artery access for percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction population. Methods From June 2004 to December 2006, 446 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous stenting were reviewed retrospectively. The radial artery approach was used in 242 patients, and the femoral artery approach in 204 patients. The success of the procedure, procedure duration, X-ray exposition, volume of contrast, incidence of major adverse cardiac events and complications were compared between the radial artery and femoral artery approach. Results Total procedure duration, X-ray exposition, the immediate success of the procedure and the proportion of patients with reperfusion time above 60min are higher in patients with radial artery acess than that with femoral artery access [(62. 1 ± 23. 4) min vs(56. 8 ± 16. 7)min,(2829. 4 ± 1365.2) mGY vs (2352. 3 ± 903.1) mGY, 4% vs 0.9% and 7.44% vs 2.94%respectively, all P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusions In non-selected patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary stent implantation, the success rate of the radial artery approach is lower than the femoral artery approach and could prolong the reperfusion time. It is suitable to change artery access immediately if abnormality is found via radial artery access.     

老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌组织水平再灌注不良的发生率及其对临床预后的影响

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）-急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗后心肌组织水平再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响。方法回顾性收集398例老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-elevationmyocardi-alinfarction,STEMI）行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与TIMI心肌灌注（TIMIMyocardialPerfusion,TMP）分级等指标评估心肌组织水平再灌注状态,患者分为4组,A组为ST段回落率〉50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率〈50%而术后TMP分级=Ⅲ级;C组为术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级而ST段回落率〉50%;D组为ST段回落率〈50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级。分析心肌组织水平再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响。结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关血管（infarctionrelatedartery,IRA）前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占37.2%,心电图ST段回落小于50%者占37.2%,均接近1/3。12.5%的患者具有远端栓塞。术后ST段回落率〉50%并且TMP分级为Ⅲ级者占总人数的39.8%,ST段回落率〈50%,并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级占总人数的14.3%。心肌组织灌注状态不良者与心肌组织灌注状态良好者相比平均住院日更长,左室EF值更低,梗死后心绞痛发生率更高,远端栓塞发生率更高,IABP辅助应用比率更大,心功能恶化、心脏性死亡更高。与D组相比,随访期间MACE的发生风险在C组为43%（P=0.11）,在B组为24%（P〈0.01）,在A组为2.7%（P〈0.01）。结论老年急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI治疗后IRA再通者仅有不到40%的患者其心肌组织水平得到了良好的再灌注,其近、远期预后较好,而剩余约60%的患者其心肌组织水平存在不同程度的再灌注障碍,其中有大概约超过10%的患者其心肌组织水平存在较差的再灌注状态,这些患者在住院期间以及远期随访期间有着极高的MACE发生风险。     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌灌注评价方法的研究

目的　应用TMP ,CTFC ,maxSTE及sumSTR方法评价急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌组织灌注并探讨其与临床预后的关系。方法　6 5例AMI急诊介入治疗后即刻采用TMP、CTFC及心电图(maxSTE ,sumSTR)方法评价心肌组织灌注,记录6个月心脏事件。结果　与双核素心肌灌注显像对比,检验每种评价方法的敏感性、特异性、准确性;maxSTE敏感性80 % ,特异性85. 7% ,准确性83 .1 % ;TMP敏感性73 3% ,特异性80 % ,准确性76 . 9% ;而CTFC( 4 0 ) ,CTFC( 30 ) ,sumSTR30 %和sum STR( 50 )预测价值较低。多变量回归分析显示TMP 0. 1级、maxSTE高危为6个月心脏事件的独立危险因子。结论　TMP ,maxSTE方法可以较好地评价心肌灌注程度,并对6个月临床预后有较好的预测价值。