早孕期补充戊酸雌二醇对雄性子代大鼠生殖系统发育的影响

目的:建立大鼠早孕期戊酸雌二醇用药模型,从肛门生殖器距离(AGD)、附睾、睾丸组织发育等方面评估戊酸雌二醇对雄性子代生殖系统发育的影响。方法:妊娠SD大鼠随机分对照组及低、中、高剂量组,孕6～15d每天分别给予戊酸雌二醇0、0.2、0.5、0.8mg/kg灌胃,分娩后正常喂养其雄性子代,出生3d、出生21d分别测量雄性子代AGD,出生60d测量附睾、睾丸的脏器系数(附睾、睾丸重量g/大鼠体重100g),进行睾丸组织学切片观察生精小管的形态学变化,测量生精小管直径和上皮高度。结果:对照组及各给药组雄性子代出生3d、出生21d的AGD比较,无明显差异(P>0.05);对照组及各给药组子代出生60d的附睾、睾丸脏器系数比较、睾丸生精小管直径及上皮高度比较,均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:早孕期大鼠补充一定剂量(0.2～0.8mg/kg)戊酸雌二醇,出生的雄性子代在生殖系统发育上未受明显影响,性成熟期的睾丸组织学未见明显改变。     

育之缘片对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响

现代研究表明,锌具有促进机体生长发育和食欲、提高免疫力、促进性器官的正常、预防老年性痴呆症等作用.育之缘片中的功效成分为蛋白锌,本实验观察和研究育之缘片对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响. 材料与方法育之缘片(济南高新区活力元素开发中心生产);睾酮放免试剂盒,北京北方牛物技术研究所;SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠50只,体重80～100g,北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供;硫酸锌(分析纯),天津市天河化学试剂厂,批号:970303;大鼠缺锌饲料(参考Fianagan配方[1]配制,含锌1.49 mg/kg);大鼠普通饲料(在大鼠缺锌饲料基础上添加硫酸锌,含锌52.6 mg/kg).     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的环境暴露及对雄性生殖系统的损害

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-butyl phthalate，DBP)是邻苯二甲酸酯类(phthalates)的一种，为无色油状液体，蒸气压低，易溶于大多数有机溶剂，被广泛应用于工业生产中，如塑料管、紫胶漆、制药业和食品塑料包装材料等；此外还可用于润滑剂、润肤剂、指甲油和定型摩丝的添加剂等。     

壬基酚对雄性动物生殖系统的影响

壬基酚 (NP)是一种环境内分泌干扰物 (EDs) ,而EDs已成为当前环境医学领域的研究重点之一。壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (NPEs)作为非离子表面活性剂被广泛用于工业生产及家庭洗涤。NPEs经生物降解转化为NP ,后者可能通过雌激素效应或毒性作用对雄性动物的生殖系统产生有害影响。本文就当前NP的研究进展及本实验室的研究动态进行总结 ,评估NPEs类物质对雄性动物生殖系统的危害 ,为限制这类化合物的使用提供依据     

高原对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响及其机制研究

目的 探讨高原对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响,以PI3K/AKT信号通路为基础研究机体的保护机制.方法 将30只大鼠随机分为平原组,高原组.将高原组置于模拟6000m海拔的低压氧舱内,饲养14d.饲养期满处死大鼠,比较两组附睾中精子计数、精子活力、精子畸形率;血液中FSH、LH、T指标;睾丸组织中MDA、SOD、GSH-Px...     

纳米二氧化钛对雄性小鼠生殖系统的影响

目的:研究纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)对雄性小鼠的在体作用,主要观察其对雄性小鼠生殖系统的影响。方法:45只6周龄的雄性ICR小鼠随机均分3组,实验组隔日腹腔注射纳米TiO2(200mg/kg或500mg/kg),对照组注射等体积生理盐水,共给药5次。停药1周后,测量心脏、肝、肾、脾、睾丸和附睾的脏器系数,血清生化指标、睾酮和雌二醇水平;显微镜下观察附睾精子数量、活率、畸形率和睾丸内精子计数;主要脏器作病理切片和HE染色,TUNEL法检测睾丸生殖细胞凋亡。结果:与对照组相比,给药200mg/kg纳米TiO2组上述指标均无明显改变(P>0.05);给药500mg/kg组小鼠的心、肝和肾质量系数显著降低(P<0.05);丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶/天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT/AST)、尿素氮(BUN)均显著升高(P均<0.05);附睾精子数、精子活率以及睾丸内精子计数均显著降低,精子畸形率增高,睾丸生殖细胞凋亡明显增多(P均<0.05)。肝、肾、脾、睾丸和附睾的病理切片观察未见明显改变。结论:小剂量的纳米TiO2对雄性小鼠无明显影响,较大剂量的纳米TiO2对雄性小鼠肝、肾功能有轻度影响,对小鼠精子生成和精子功能有明显影响,并诱导睾丸生殖细胞凋亡。     

藏药鲁堆多吉水提物对雄性幼年大鼠生殖系统的影响

目的:研究藏药鲁堆多吉对雄性幼年大鼠生殖系统的影响。方法:将32只SD雄性幼年大鼠分为对照组、鲁堆多吉水提物低、中、高剂量组,灌胃2周后处死,用放射免疫法检测大鼠血清中睾酮(T)的含量,用ELISA试剂盒测量大鼠血清中LH和FSH的含量,称量大鼠的睾丸重量,计算体重增加量、睾丸脏器系数和精子浓度。将高剂量组大鼠血清在57℃水浴锅中灭活后,按0(对照组)、10%、15%、20%的体积分数加到培养的大鼠睾丸间质细胞中,分别用台盼蓝染色法和MTT检测细胞活率和活力,用放免法检测睾丸间质细胞培养液中T的含量,用大鼠环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)ELISA试剂盒检测睾丸间质细胞内cAMP的变化。结果:与对照组相比,低、中、高剂量的鲁堆多吉水提物能使幼年雄性大鼠的血清T水平[(1.22±0.32)、(1.06±0.29)、(0.57±0.18)nmol/L vs(3.09±0.42)nmol/L,P0.01]、睾丸重量[(0.96±0.09)、(0.92±0.11)、(0.91±0.08)g vs(1.40±0.16)g,P0.01]和精子浓度[(0.19±0.07)、(0.17±0.08)、(0.16±0.07)×106/ml vs(1.03±0.16)×106/ml,P0.01]显著降低,并且呈剂量依赖性。与对照组相比,中、高剂量给药组血清中的LH[(14.69±0.12)、(14.93±0.28)ng/L vs(13.62±0.89)ng/L,P0.01]、FSH[(4.77±0.23)、(4.89±0.38)IU/L vs(4.32±0.18)IU/L,P0.05]显著上升;睾丸脏器系数[(51.39±3.09)、(52.28±4.86)、(54.13±6.06)mg/10 g vs(42.22±3.02)mg/10 g,P0.01]显著提高。与对照组相比,鲁堆多吉水提物含药血清能显著抑制睾丸间质细胞内cAMP水平[(4.39±0.06)、(4.28±0.07)、(4.11±0.10)nmol/L vs(5.51±0.12)nmol/L,P0.01]和T的合成[(1.42±0.15)、(1.12±0.18)、(0.88±0.21)nmol/L vs(1.85±0.18)nmol/L,P0.01]。结论:鲁堆多吉水提物可能通过PKA途径抑制大鼠睾丸间质细胞中T的合成,从而抑制睾丸发育和精子生成,影响雄性幼鼠生殖系统的发育。     

十八味中药组方对恢复生殖系统损害雄性大鼠模型的作用研究

目的研究十八味中药组方对生殖系统损害不育大鼠模型作用的靶器官和作用机理。方法采用雷公藤多甙建立生殖系统损害大白鼠动物模型,观察十八味中药组方对大鼠睾丸、附睾,精囊腺、前列腺等器官脏器系数及组织学影响;对大鼠精子密度、活力、活率及运动速度、运动方式等精子质量影响;对血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、睾酮、皮质醇等激素分泌的影响。结果十八味中药组方显著提高大鼠脏器系数及附睾腺壁管厚度,提高大鼠精子质量,促进生殖激素及皮质醇分泌。结论十八味中药组方可以恢复大鼠模型的生殖系统病理损害。     

孕期生殖激素暴露诱发子代多囊卵巢综合征的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)作为全球育龄期妇女最常见的生殖内分泌疾病之一,其多样性的临床表现大都与生殖激素的作用有关。最新研究认为,PCOS是一种随年龄而发展的、胎儿起源的疾病,环境因素对胚胎发育的影响逐渐引起人们的重视,其中孕期生殖激素暴露很可能是子代罹患PCOS的环境因素之一。本文总结了近年来有关孕期生殖激素暴露诱发雌性子代PCOS的研究进展,以期为寻找PCOS的病因提供新的思路,为其初级预防和精准治疗提供理论支持。     

雌激素受体在雄性生殖系统中的分布及其对雄性生殖的作用

与雄激素一样,雌激素对雄性生殖也起重要调控作用。雌激素与雌激素受体(ER)结合后,产生基因组效应或非基因组效应。ER包括ERα和ERβ。在雄性生殖系统包括睾丸、附睾、前列腺及阴茎中均有ER分布。ERα基因敲除小鼠精子发生过程明显受损,而ERβ基因敲除后小鼠精子发生仍可维持正常,提示两种ER亚型对精子发生的作用不同。ERα和ERβ还可能存在相互补偿作用。     

Beneficial effects of chrysin on the reproductive system of adult male rats

In this study, the beneficial effect of chrysin, a natural flavonoid currently under investigation due to its important biological activities, on reproductive system of rats was investigated. Rats (n = 16) were divided randomly into two equal groups. Rats in control group were given corn oil as carrier. Chrysin was orally administered at the dose of 50 mg kg(-1) per day by gavages, and it was dissolved in corn oil for 60 days. Tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD and GSH-Px), sperm parameters (motility, concentration and abnormal sperm rate), reproductive organ weight (testes, epididymis, vesicula seminalis, prostate) and serum testosterone levels were determined in the rats. Our results indicated that chrysin significantly increased GSH, CAT, GSH-Px and CuZn-SOD levels, but did not change the formation of TBARS significantly. In addition, sperm motility, sperm concentration and serum testosterone levels significantly increased, whereas abnormal sperm rate significantly decreased with chrysin treatment. In conclusion, it is suggested that treatment with chrysin can positively affect the reproductive system in rats, and it can be used for the treatment of male infertility.     

妊娠哺乳相关骨质疏松症的诊治进展

妊娠哺乳相关骨质疏松症(pregnancy and lactation associated osteoporosis,PLO)是一种罕见的疾病,主要发生在妊娠晚期和产后早期妇女,常在第一次妊娠时发病,以胸腰椎多发压缩性骨折最常见,主要表现为腰背疼痛、身高变矮、活动受限。其发病机制目前尚不清楚,可能与妊娠、哺乳状态、遗传因素等相关。在怀孕期间,通过肠道钙吸收的加倍以满足胎儿及母体对钙的需求,但如果母亲摄入的钙不足,不能满足母亲和胎儿的综合需求,母亲的骨骼会通过PTHrP(parathyroid hormone-related peptide,PTHrP)刺激骨骼吸收。哺乳期,在高水平PTHrP的主导作用和低雌激素的共同作用下,促进骨吸收动员骨钙入血。目前PLO尚无统一的诊断标准,防治措施尚无定论。现有研究表明大多数PLO患者在断奶后骨量逐渐增加,因此对PLO患者建议停止哺乳并补充充足钙剂及维生素D。有报道双膦酸盐、迪诺赛麦、特立帕肽等抗骨质疏松药物治疗PLO,但其存在或潜在的不良反应,使用受到限制;椎体成形术和后凸成形术等用于治疗产后椎体骨折整体疗效尚不明确,一般不推荐使用。对PLO患者需充分评估患者情况慎重选择治疗方案。     

燃煤型氟中毒对男性生殖系统的影响

燃煤型氟中毒是我国特有的一种氟中毒类型,研究发现燃煤型氟中毒对男性生殖系统有一定程度的影响,其中,重度氟中毒地区男性精液的含氟量、精子存活率、精子浓度及不育症的患病率高于轻氟区和非氟中毒病区,血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)也高于轻氟区和非氟中毒区,但是抑制素B、血清睾酮以及雌二醇却有不同程度的降低。提示燃煤型氟中毒也跟其他氟中毒一样,会对男性生殖器官的结构、精子的生成以及生殖内分泌等多方面造成影响,最终导致男性生殖能力的下降。     

Effect of male occupational heat exposure on time to pregnancy

The relationship between male occupational heat exposure and the time required to achieve a pregnancy [TTP] was studied in a retrospective survey of 402 fertile couples. The TTP for t he subgroups 'exposure t o heat' (median = 4 .0 months; mean 11.8; SD = 13.3) and 'professional driver >3 h/day' (median = 4.5; mean = 14.4; SD = 28.5) was significantly longer (both p < 0.05) than for the controls (median = 2.8; mean = 7.8; SD = 13.3). Bakers and welders showed comparable results: only 14% of the bakers' partners became pregnant within 3 months (cf. 55% of controls, p < 0.05) and only 29% became pregnant within 6 months (cf. 74% of controls, p < 0.02). This study suggests that occupational exposure to heat is a 'weak' risk factor for male subfertility.     

Effect of honey on the reproductive system of male rat offspring exposed to prenatal restraint stress

Exposure to prenatal stress is associated with impaired reproductive function in male rat offspring. Honey is traditionally used by the Malays for enhancement of fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of honey on reproductive system of male rat offspring exposed to prenatal restraint stress. Dams were divided into four groups (n = 10/group): control, honey, stress and honey + stress groups. Dams from honey and honey + stress groups received oral honey (1.2 g kg^?1 body weight) daily from day 1 of pregnancy, meanwhile dams from stress and honey + stress groups were subjected to restraint stress (three times per day) from day 11 of pregnancy until delivery. At 10 weeks old, each male rat offspring was mated with a regular oestrus cycle female. Male sexual behaviour and reproductive performance were evaluated. Then, male rats were euthanised for assessment on reproductive parameters. Honey supplementation during prenatal restraint stress significantly increased testis and epididymis weights as well as improved the percentages of abnormal spermatozoa and sperm motility in male rat offspring. In conclusion, this study might suggest that supplementation of honey during pregnancy seems to reduce the adverse effects of restraint stress on reproductive organs weight and sperm parameters in male rat offspring.     

Effect of food restriction on ghrelin in adult male rats and its relation to male reproductive hormones

Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor (GHS‐R). It has recently emerged as an orexigenic food intake controlling signal acting upon hypothalamic centres. To study the effect of food restriction on ghrelin level and its relation to male reproductive hormones, 32 adult male albino rats divided into two groups: Group I (8 rats as a control group) fed ad libitum for 21 days and 24 rats as Group II (food‐restricted group) fed 30% of ad libitum intake of food consumed by the control group. Rats were weighed every 3 days. Group II rats were further subdivided into three subgroups: IIa, IIb and IIc that were killed at days 8, 16 and 21 from the start of food restriction respectively. Ghrelin level was assayed by ELISA technique in serum samples and tissue homogenates prepared from the stomach and hypothalamus. In addition, male reproductive hormones: testosterone, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assayed in serum by chemiluminescence. Mean body weight of food restricted rats was observed to decrease during the period of the experiment. Food restriction produced a significant increase of serum ghrelin and a significant decrease of both gastric and hypothalamic ghrelin in group II when compared with group I. The changes in ghrelin level varied with the duration of food restriction. Significant inverse correlation was found between serum ghrelin and each of gastric and hypothalamic ghrelin in group II. A significant decrease of testosterone, FSH and LH were found in food restricted rats compared with controls. The decrease was significantly related to the duration of food restriction. Significant inverse correlation was detected between serum ghrelin and each of the male reproductive hormones in food restricted group II rats. Thus ghrelin could be one of the hormones responsible for the suppression of male reproductive axis in case of negative energy balance.     

Exposure to diesel exhaust affects the male reproductive system of mice

Several recent reports have suggested that sperm count and quality in normal men are declining. Various environmental chemical compounds may affect the male reproductive system. We propose here that diesel exhaust is an environmental pollutant with the potential to influence male reproductive function. Ultrastructural changes were observed in Leydig cells of mice exposed to diesel exhaust (0.3 mg diesel exhaust particles (DEP)/m3 through the airway, 12 h daily, up to 6 months) and reduction in LH receptor mRNA expression in Leydig cells was observed at a concentration of 1 mg DEP/m3. Daily sperm production per gram of testis dose-dependently decreased with exposure to DE for 6 months; 29%, 36%, and 53% reductions were observed at 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg DEP/m3, respectively. A no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was observed with approximately 30 micrograms DEP/m3, which is lower than the WHO-recommended limit.     

Comparative effects of dimethoate and deltamethrin on reproductive system in male mice

The effects of dimethoate (5, 15 and 28 mg kg^?1 day^?1), deltamethrin (5 mg kg^?1 day^?1) and their mixture (5 mg kg^?1 day^?1) on male reproduction in mice were studied. The insecticides were given orally by gavage to male mice for 21 days. At the end of the treatment period, body, testes and epididymides weights and sperm parameters were determined. Alone mixture treatment has significantly decreased body weights. Dimethoate at 28 mg kg^?1 day^?1, deltamethrin at 5 mg kg^?1 day^?1 and their mixture at 5 mg kg^?1 day^?1 were associated with a significantly decreased sperm count, motility and viability and significantly increased percent morphologically abnormal spermatozoa compared with the controls. This study demonstrated the adverse effects of dimethoate at high dose, deltamethrin and their combining at 5 mg kg^?1 day^?1 on reproductive system and sperm parameters in male mice.     

Review on arsenic‐induced toxicity in male reproductive system and its amelioration

Arsenic is an environmental toxicant which causes mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic defects. It is used as herbicide, fungicide and rodenticide and results in contamination of air, soil and water. Arsenic is also produced through burning of coal industries. The sludge of factories contaminates the fodder and drinking source of water of human and livestock. Arsenic binds thiol groups in tissue proteins and impairs the function of the proteins. This metal affects the mitochondrial enzymes and interrupts the production of energy. Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species could also be a consequence of arsenic exposure. High arsenic level may suppress the sensitivity of gonadotroph cells to GnRH as well as gonadotropin secretion by elevating plasma levels of glucocorticoids. These ultimately lead to the development of gonad toxicity in animals and cause the reduction in sperm number, sperm viability and motility. Massive degeneration of germ cells and alterations in the level of LH, FSH and testosterone are also reported. The objective of this review was to find out the effects of arsenic‐induced toxicity on male reproductive system in animals and its amelioration.     

Embryonic exposure to dimethoate and/or deltamethrin impairs sexual development and programs reproductive success in adult male offspring mice

Pesticides can be toxic to desirable plants and animals, including humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the reproductive effects of low doses of pesticides on male offspring of exposed pregnant mice. Three groups of five female mice were treated daily by oral gavage with dimethoate (5 mg kg(-1) per day), deltamethrin (5 mg kg(-1) per day) and their mixture at 5 mg kg(-1) per day from day 3 to day 21 of pregnancy. Fertility, sexual behaviour and a number of reproductive endpoints, such as organ weights, sperm evaluations and testicular histology, were examined on four adult male offspring of exposed pregnant mice. When compared with control, a dose of deltamethrin 5 mg kg j(-1) causes a decrease in the absolute and relative weight of the testes of exposed mice and it affects their fertility by reducing the density, mobility and vitality of sperm and increasing the number of abnormal forms of these cells (P ≤ 0.01). The same results were obtained in mice exposed to a dose of 5 mg kg j(-1) combination of dimethoate and deltamethrin. This study demonstrated that deltamethrin and combination of dimethoate and deltamethrin caused a decrease in the absolute and relative weight of the testes, which affected the sperm parameters of male offspring of exposed mice to a low dose of these pesticides during pregnancy.