Traumatic abdominal wall hernia: A reappraisal

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia, a rare cause of hernia, has a confusing clinical picture and requires a high index of suspicion for prompt diagnosis and management. Such hernias, if missed, can result in high morbidity and may prove fatal. Distinction from a pre-existing hernia is important as well. We report our experience in two such cases, which had presented in a span of 9 months, and submit a brief analysis of 50 reviewed cases.     

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia: delayed presentation in two cases and a review of the literature.

Blunt and penetrating abdominal traumas are an important source of morbidity and mortality in the western world, especially in the young populations. Although most attention during the (primary) diagnostic process is directed toward the detection of internal injuries of the abdomen, blunt or penetrating trauma to the abdomen may result in defects of the abdominal wall. The diagnosis of traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is rarely made. Morbidity due to TAWH, however, may be significant. In this article we report the delayed diagnosis of a TAWH in two patients after abdominal wall trauma and present a review of the literature concerning the diagnostic workup and treatment.     

New technique for inguinal hernia repair

We compared a new fascia transversalis based hernioplasty with mesh repair techniques which leave the fascia transversalis intact. We prospectively randomized 180 consecutive patients with inguinal hernia to undergo one of the three hernia repair techniques. Hernias were repaired either by using the new fascia transversalis repair—Coskuns hernia repair (FTR), based on the plication of fascia using continuous sutures and followed by a second layer of interrupted or continuous sutures between inguinal ligament and conjoint tendon to distribute the tension, or one of the two mesh repair techniques: anterior (Lichtenstein) or posterior (preperitoneal) repair. Parameters such as age, sex, hernia cause, operation time, type of anesthesia, surgeons seniority, complications, hospital stay and follow-up were evaluated. Recurrence rates were determined through clinical examination. Effect of prostatism, co-morbid disease, operation time, complications and Nyhus type of hernia on recurrences were also analysed. Most patients in each group were operated on under general anesthesia (78% vs. 80% vs. 85% for FTR, Lichtenstein, and preperitoneal repair, respectively) and by surgeons in training (average 78%). Patients were followed up for a median of 36 months. FTR had less complications and an acceptable time for operation whereas preperitoneal repairs needed more seniority, longer operation time, and caused more complications. There were only 3 (1.6%) recurrences, none in the FTR group and two the in Lichtenstein group during first postoperative year. There was no recurrence in preperitoneal repair group. All patients with recurrences had an operation time longer than 60 min and were operated on by surgeons in training. Two patients with recurrences had prostatism symptoms and chronic cough. We conclude that the new FTR is as effective as mesh repair (either anterior or posterior) with an acceptable rate of recurrences, fewer complications, and that it can be performed by the surgeons in training.     

Musculature tissue engineering to repair abdominal wall hernia

Hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed operations in surgical clinics. Tissue engineering provides insights for the treatment of abdominal wall hernias and other disorders involving deficiencies in the musculature. The present review summarizes the mechanisms of muscle development and regeneration and provides an overview of tissue engineering strategies for the construction of muscles.     

Total reconstruction of the femoral canal and the inguinal wall after resection of a recurrent desmoid tumor

Summary The authors report a clinical case of desmoid tumor of the left inguinal region whose excision necessitated removal of the anterior wall of the inguinal region and of the entire walls of the femoral canal. The reconstruction of these different walls was made by means of two prostheses: one to reconstitute the sheath of the iliofemoral vascular canal, the other to reconstitute the anterior wall of the left inguinal region. The report of this clinical case is taken as an opportunity to review the special nature of these tumors and their course and treatment.     

阑尾切除术后腹壁切口疝的超声诊断

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对阑尾切除术后腹壁切口疝的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2012年12月,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院京西院区收治阑尾切除术后经超声诊断为腹壁切口疝患者52例,观察其腹壁超声图像解剖特点并进行总结。结果腹壁网膜嵌顿疝11例,腹壁膨出疝6例,腹壁滑动疝35例,52患者均经手术证实。结论多普勒超声对阑尾术后腹壁切口疝的诊断有很高诊断价值。     

Total transvaginal endoscopic abdominal wall hernia repair: a NOTES survival study

Hypothesis Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has gained widespread interest as a potentially less invasive alternative to laparoscopic surgery or, else, an evolution as the next-generation surgery. The main objective of this study was to assess the safety of transluminal abdominal wall hernia repair for potential human application by specifically investigating the feasibility and challenges of using a transvaginal approach. Design NOTES ventral hernia repair via a transvaginal approach. Setting University Hospital (National University Health System, Singapore). Participants The study utilized five female pigs (30–40 kg) between 5 and 7 months of age, which underwent abdominal wall hernia repair using a transvaginal approach. Intervention The procedures were performed using a double-channel endoscope under general endotracheal anesthesia. A mesh was placed and fixed to the abdominal wall using standard laparoscopic and endoscopic equipment. The animals survived for 2 weeks and were then euthanized and a necropsy performed. Main outcome measures To assess the safety and feasibility of NOTES ventral hernia repair in a survival experimental model. Results All of the procedures could be safely performed using the standard equipment. At the necropsy, all meshes were well in place and mild adhesions were recorded in one animal with a small abscess in the subcutaneous area. Conclusion This novel approach seems technically challenging but feasible using equipment and accessories currently available for conventional laparoscopic and interventional endoscopy with low intra-abdominal contamination and sepsis. New procedure-specific instruments and equipment need to be developed to allow the surgeon safer access and more degrees of instrument freedom.     

对我国疝与腹壁外科专业发展的思考

疝与腹壁外科是外科学一个较新的亚专科。在国际上,虽然我国该学科起步较晚,但经过20多年的发展已取得令人瞩目的成果,奠定了在该领域的重要地位,为今后我国疝与腹壁外科专业的发展打下坚实基础。同时,国内研究者也应该清醒地认识到自身不足。笔者深度剖析国内外相关研究,总结并展望未来我国疝与腹壁外科领域的发展应该更细致深入地从以下...     

Laparoscopic repair of traumatic abdominal wall hernia from handlebar injury

A 14-year-old boy was seen at an outside hospital after falling over the handlebar of his bicycle and was discharged home. He was subsequently seen in our emergency department with complaints of persistent abdominal pain. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed disruption of the muscles of the upper right abdominal wall containing the hepatic flexure of the colon, with a small amount of intraperitoneal free fluid noted. The patient underwent laparoscopic exploration using 3 ports (2-5 mm and 1-12 mm) and 2 separate stab incisions. The traumatic abdominal wall hernia was repaired with interrupted sutures placed with an ENDO CLOSE (Covidien, Mansfield, MA) device, and a mesenteric defect in the colon was approximated with intracorporeal sutures. The trocar sites were sutured closed. The patient recovered well and was discharged home. Follow-up examination revealed no abdominal wall defect and resolution of his symptoms.Laparoscopic repair of a traumatic abdominal wall defect and exploratory laparoscopy after trauma is feasible and safe in the pediatric patient. It should be considered as an alternative approach with potentially less morbidity than an exploratory laparotomy for handlebar injuries in a stable patient.     

Inguinal hernia: the size of the mesh

The size of the mesh used for surgical repair of groin hernias differs significantly from one technique to another. Such differences are not unimportant, since implantation of a large amount of prosthetic material can induce some drawbacks and may perhaps be avoided in many cases. The weak inguinal area, where inguinal hernias are exteriorized, is smaller than the myopectineal orifice, and a mesh 8–9 cm long and 5–6 cm wide is sufficient to cover this area. The results of methods using a small mesh are good, and large patches provide at best the same results with some real drawbacks. A large mesh spread in the preperitoneal space on the bladder and iliac vessels can induce some difficulties in case of further operation on these organs, and when we operate on a man 30 to 50 years old, we ignore whether he may need that kind of operation many years later. Consequently, in most cases a small patch covering only the weak inguinal area is preferable and a large preperitoneal patch should be used only in selected cases at high risk of recurrence. Electronic Publication     

Elasticity of the anterior abdominal wall and impact for reparation of incisional hernias using mesh implants

Summary. Mesh implantation to repair incisional hernia involves extensive disturbance of the integrity of the abdominal wall. To define the physiological requirements, we measured the elasticity of the abdominal wall of 14 anatomic samples. The complete abdominal wall was excised and stretched at a strain of 0–24 N in horizontal, vertical and oblique (upper and lower abdomen) directions. The resulting mean distension at 16 N was in the range between 11% and 32% for all directions. Furthermore, we found significant differences between tissue samples from male and female subjects, as well as considerable inter-individual differences in each group. Textile analysis of common mesh materials at 16 N showed elasticities in the range of 4%–16%. Comparing the textile characteristics with the physiological elasticity revealed inadequate properties in at least some of the mesh materials. Our findings indicate that the flexibility of the abdominal wall must be more or less restricted by extensive implantation of large meshes and recurrences may possibly be provoked at the margins of implanted materials. Electronic Publication     

腹壁巨大切口疝患者的术前评估及准备分析

目的：研究术前评估及准备分析对腹壁巨大切口疝患者术后的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月,喀什地区第一人民医院收治的36例腹壁巨大切口疝患者。对患者进行疝囊评估、腹腔扩容、呼吸功能准备和预防性抗生素等一系列巨大切口疝的术前评估及准备后实施手术。术后根据患者是否复发分为成功组与复发组。结果成功组患者在治疗后二氧化碳分压、氧气压和内源性呼吸末正压与复发组比较差异有统计学意义（t＝7．544、10．868、2．715,P＝0．000、0．000、0．010）。二组手术前成功组的电解质紊乱较复发组差异有统计学意义（χ2＝2．76,P＝0．036）。手术后呼吸机相关肺炎,多器官衰竭较复发组差异有统计学意义（χ2＝13．33、6．17,P＝0．001、0．012）。结论手术是治疗腹壁切口的唯一方法,完善的手术检查和准备至关重要。     

补片修补巨大腹壁切口疝80例

目的：探讨巨大腹壁切口疝的补片治疗。方法回顾性分析2003年8月至2013年10月,新疆伊宁市人民医院收治的巨大腹壁切口疝患者80例的临床资料。结果术前提高腹壁顺应性、手术术式、手术操作、引流管的放置、抗生素预防应用、围手术期处理对预后构成影响因素。80例患者均痊愈出院,无严重并发症,复发3例。手术复发率为3．7％。结论应用补片修补腹壁巨大切口疝效果满意,术后恢复快,要重视围手术期处理。     

腹部切口疝的诱因分析与治疗进展

腹部切口疝是腹部手术常见的并发症之一,腹部切口疝形成的两大直接原因是腹部手术切口愈合不良和腹内压升高,所以引起切口愈合不良和腹内压升高的因素都是切口疝的诱因.目前手术治疗是腹部切口疝唯一的根治方法,主要包括开放性手术和腹腔镜手术两种.本文对近年来腹部切口疝诱因、治疗方面的研究进行综述,并对其治疗前景进行展望.     

Non-traumatic lateral abdominal wall hernia

A rare lateral abdominal wall hernia is described in an adult patient. This was diagnosed in a patient with a prominent right lateral abdominal wall deformity. The patient had been experiencing pain that increased progressively in severity over time. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed the location of the lateral abdominal wall defect. The hernia defect was through the transversus abdominis and the internal oblique, with the inferior aspect of the 11th rib forming part of the superior border of the defect. A 4-cm bony spur from the inferior aspect of the rib formed part of the lateral margin of the defect. The hernia sac was contained within a space underneath the external oblique muscle. The association of the hernia defect with a bony spur was highly suggestive of a congenital etiology. The hernia was successfully repaired laparoscopically with Parietex mesh (Sofradim^®, Lyons, France), and the patient had resolution of the symptoms on discharge and follow-up visits.     

磁外科理念能使疝与腹壁外科技术再优化

磁外科是一门新型的外科技术体系,按照临床应用及原理的不同可以将磁外科技术分为以下5类:磁压榨技术、磁导航技术、磁锚定技术、磁悬浮技术以及磁示踪技术。不同的磁外科技术以其独特的优势创新了多种新型外科诊断和治疗方法,同时也优化了众多传统的外科诊疗手段。目前,磁外科技术已经在管腔重建、组织牵引暴露以及病变追踪等领域应用并展现出了良好的应用前景。在疝和腹壁外科手术中,磁外科技术具备优化某些手术操作的潜质,如在腔镜疝修补手术中利用磁力导航可以使得疝补片术中移动和固定更灵活,磁力锚定可以使得腔镜手术更微创,磁力牵引可以使腹壁组织游离更便捷,而磁力吻合可以使得腹腔感染控制和减容更安全。     

Body wall dysplasia: a rare case of abdominal hernia

Malformations of the fetal abdominal wall include a broad spectrum of anomalies, and prenatal sonography provides the possibility of detecting most of them. Omphalocele and gastroschisis are the most common conditions, but there are other rare forms. We describe here a rare case of body wall dysplasia that we called abdominal hernia that appeared upon prenatal sonography as an omphalocele-like defect.     

Inguinal hernia repair in the anticoagulated patient: a retrospective analysis

Introduction  Guidelines and local hospital protocols dealing with anticoagulation at the time of surgery vary, but most suggest stopping Warfarin at least three days preoperatively with or without interim low-molecular-weight heparin or intravenous heparin infusion. This study addresses whether it is safe to perform inguinal hernia surgery on the patient who is fully anticoagulated with Warfarin. Methods  We performed a retrospective case note analysis of consecutive patients who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair at the Plymouth Hernia Service between 1999 and 2007. All patients on therapeutic oral anticoagulation with Warfarin were selected. Data analysis was of complications and patient-related, hernia-related, and surgery-related variables. International normalising ratio (INR) was measured on the day preceding surgery. Results  A total of 49 patients had been operated on whilst anticoagulated with Warfarin. The mean age of the patients was 75 years (range 44–96 years). Thirty patients were on Warfarin for atrial fibrillation, seven for previous PE, three for previous DVT, and nine for mechanical heart valves. Forty patients had a desired INR range of 2–3, and nine a desired range of 3–4. Forty-five (91.8%) patients had no complications or mild bruising requiring no further management. Three (6.1%) patients developed haematomas requiring surgical management and there was one death of unrelated cause. An INR of greater than 3 increased the risk of postoperative haematoma (P = 0.03). None of the other measured patient-related, hernia-related, or surgery-related variables predicted complications (P > 0.05). Conclusions  Patients can safely undergo inguinal hernia repair whilst on Warfarin as long as the INR is less than 3.     

Schwannoma in the inguinal canal masquerading an inguinal hernia

Benign neoplasms originating from the neuronal sheath are usually found along the distribution of the cranial nerves and in the flexor surfaces of the upper and lower extremities. We herein present a case of a 65-year-old man with a schwannoma located in the inguinal canal, which presented as an irreducible hernia. This is the first reported case in the English literature of a schwannoma with such a presentation.     

腹股沟疝分型在疝环充填式无张力疝修补术中的应用

目的 探讨腹股沟疝分型在疝环充填式无张力疝修补术术式选择中的价值。方法 对30例腹股沟疝病人在术中按Nyhus分型方法进行疝分类,根据分型选择疝环充填式无张力修补术不同术式并观察疗效。结果 本组Ⅰ型疝7例(23.3％)、Ⅱ型疝14例(46.7％)、Ⅲ型A3例(10％)、Ⅲ型B3例(10％)、Ⅲ型C2例(6.67％),Ⅵ型1例(3.3 %),全组均治愈,住院3～7天,无切口感染,随访3～18月无复发,随访率95％。结论 对腹股沟疝进行分型,针对性采取疝环充填式无张力修补术不同术式,有助实施疝手术的个体化方案,减少疝的复发。