肘部及前臂上段正中神经卡压综合征的临床解剖学研究

目的 探讨肘部正中神经卡压综合征的解剖学基础。方法 解剖观察５０侧上肢标本,结果 肱二头肌腱膜与正中神经的关系有非覆盖４０例（８０％）,部分覆盖型６侧（１２％）和完全覆盖型４侧（８％）。旋前圆肌纤维桥斜过正中神经前方３２侧（６４％）。旋前圆肌肱骨头肌内有腱束８例（成人,占１８．６％）,尺骨头汪岙较厚筋膜４７侧（９４％）。指浅屈肌起始结构有联合腱弓型４４侧（８８％）,纤维情怀２侧型（４％）和腱束型（     

胸大肌异常肌腱止于肱骨内上髁一例

在解剖一具成年男性尸体标本时,在其左侧臂前部深筋膜与肱二头肌内侧头肌腹之间观察到一条变异肌腱,起于左侧胸大肌肌腱终止于肱骨大结节嵴处,止于肱骨内上髁,腱宽0．15cm,腱长23cm。该腱自胸大肌肌腱内侧缘下行,有来自胸大肌下部的肌腱纤维汇人,斜向内下,走行于臂部深筋膜的深面和肱二头肌内侧头肌腹的浅面,而后跨过肌皮神经的前臂外侧皮神经、肱动脉、肱静脉、正中神经,在肱三头肌内侧头前面与臂内侧肌间隔相连,最后止于肱骨内上髁。     

改良肘关节内侧入路尺侧副韧带手术的应用解剖

目的：为肘关节经肌肉入路尺侧副韧带（ＵＣＬ）修复术提供解剖学基础。方法：成人肘关节标本３５侧,解剖观察尺侧副韧带前束、肘部屈肌总腱及尺、正中神经分支的解剖关系,并行摹拟手术。结果：ＵＣＬ前束起于肱骨内侧髁的前下方,止于尺骨冠突内侧的小结节,ＵＣＬ前束位于尺侧腕屈肌肱头、尺头之间的深层;尺神经在肘管中部与尺侧副韧带前束的平均距离为（０．９ ± ０． １）ｃｍ,在肘管的远侧出口,距尺侧副韧带的尺骨止点（０．６±０．３）ｃｍ;尺神经至尺侧腕屈肌尺头肌支的入肌点距肱骨内侧髁的距离为（３．７±０．８）ｃｍ;正中神经最靠近切口的分支距切口的距离,在肱骨内侧髁和尺骨结节水平分别为（１．６±０．５）ｃｍ和（０．９±０．４）ｃｍ。结论：经尺侧腕屈肌的肱头和尺头之间、自肱骨内侧髁向前外侧至ＵＣＬ尺骨止点以远约２ ｃｍ为一损伤较小的安全手术入路。     

右前臂正中尺动脉型掌浅弓变异1例

近期,我们在解剖1具约65岁的男性尸体时,发现其右前臂正中尺动脉型掌浅弓变异。肱动脉沿肱二头肌下行至肘窝平桡骨颈高度分成桡动脉和尺动脉。尺动脉起始处的最大外径为4.0mm。尺动脉全程286.0mm。从肱动脉起始后,斜向内下方,行经旋前圆肌深头与屈肌深层之后,即下行于由指浅屈肌(外侧)和尺侧腕屈肌(内侧)所形成的尺侧沟内,并被尺侧腕屈肌覆盖。下行至腕部时,转向豌豆骨的桡侧,经腕横韧带的浅面到达手掌,于掌腱膜的深面,横行经过指浅屈肌腱的浅面,与正中动脉吻合成掌浅弓。尺动脉自起始处以下25.0mm分支出尺侧返动脉。以下10.0mm分支出骨间总…     

双侧正中神经、肌皮神经变异一例

正笔者在解剖1具女性尸体时,发现双侧肌皮神经、正中神经存在变异(图1),现报道如下。右侧正中神经在臂部伴肱血管走行,位于肱二头肌内侧沟,约在臂部上段与中下段正中神经由外侧发出2个分支,近侧分支沿前外下方走行,到达肱二头肌与喙肱肌并支配上述2肌;远侧分支由正中神经外侧发出,行向外下方到达肱肌并支配该肌。正常情况下正中神经在臂部无分支,在前臂发出肌支,支配除肱桡肌、尺侧腕屈肌和指深屈肌尺侧半以外的前臂所有屈肌;而肱二头肌、喙肱肌与肱肌均受来至臂丛外侧束的肌皮神经支配,但该侧肌皮神经未出现。左侧正中神经由来自外侧束的内侧根与来自内侧束的外侧     

骨间前神经综合征的局部解剖学研究

目的 搪塞骨间前神经综合征的解剖学基础。方法 解剖４８例（左右各２４侧）成人防固定标本。结果 骨间前神经主干邻近腱性结构有旋前圆肌纤维桥（５８．３％），尺骨头浅面腱膜（９３．７％），联合腱板（８３．３％）和指浅屈肌纤维弓（９１．２％），横过骨间前神经的拇长岂副头（６６．７％），及少 尺侧血管、小束肌肉或纤维结构。７７％骨间前神经干走在桡骨颈前方结论 骨间的神经主干邻近的腱性结构及距离桡骨颈近可能是     

肌皮神经变异1例

肌皮神经自臂丛外侧束发出后,向外侧斜穿喙肱肌,经肱二头肌与肱肌间下行,经肱二头肌下端外侧穿出深筋膜,称为前臂外侧皮神经;正中神经沿肱二头肌内侧沟下行,并由外侧向内侧跨过肱动脉,与该血管一起行至肘窝[1].     

双干型肱动脉等多发性变异一例

1 材料为男性成人尸体.2 血管变异.2.1 左双干型肱动脉及尺浅动脉本例左腋动脉在大圆肌下缘处分为深、浅两支,形成双干型肱动脉.浅支于胧二头肌内侧浅筋膜内下行,达肘部后续为尺浅动脉,行于肱二头肌腱膜的表面,在尺侧腕屈肌与指浅屈肌肌腱之间进入手掌.肱动脉较肱浅动脉略粗,与肱静脉伴行,入     

掌长肌伴有指浅屈肌中指肌腱缺如1例

掌长肌起自肱骨内上髁以及前臂深筋膜,肌腹很小而腱细长,止于掌腱膜。掌长肌缺如较常见,但掌长肌伴有指浅屈肌中指（第3指）肌腱缺如尚未见文献报道。作者在解剖尸体中,发现1例掌长肌伴有指浅屈肌中指肌腱缺如,现报告如下,     

正中神经在肘部和肘上部受压综合征的有关解剖结构

在40具成人尸体的80侧上肢中观测了正中神经在肘部和肘上部的受压因素。肘上部臂筋膜和肘部肱二头肌筋膜的增厚和紧张、异常的腱性结构、Struthers 韧带等,均可造成正中神经受压。本文并利用700侧成人干燥肱骨,统计和观察了肱骨髁上突的出现率和形态。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.