高危型人乳头瘤病毒载量与宫颈上皮内瘤变病变程度相关性

目的:探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)载量与宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervi-cal intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)病变程度相关性。方法:对2008年1月~2010年6月于上海市第一人民医院行阴道镜检查的1035例患者,用HCⅡ方法检测其HR-HPV病毒载量,分为阴性组(0.00~1.00)、低度载量组(1.0~10.00)、中度载量组(10.00~100.00)、高度载量组(100.00~1000.00)和极高度载量组(≥1000.00);将病理结果按照宫颈病变程度分为阴性组(慢性黏膜炎和挖空细胞)、低级别病变组(CINⅠ)和高级别病变组(CINⅡ、CINⅢ)。多分类Logistic回归分析HPV病毒载量和CIN病变程度相关性。结果:病理诊断为慢性黏膜炎、挖空细胞、CINⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的HR-HPV病毒载量的中位数(感染率)分别是2.70(58.22%)、56.00(79.07%)、88.05(79.66%)、323.90(93.27%)和364.07(92.47%),基本呈递增趋势。CIN的各级别病毒载量的分布差异显著(P均<0.05),低级别病变组和高级别病变组的各级别病毒载量组(低度载量组、中度载量组、高度载量组和极高度载量组)对于病理阴性组的危险度(OR值)依次递增:低级别病变组0.677、2.406、2.893和2.943;高级别病变组2.177、4.262、6.354和20.177。结论:CIN的发生与高危型人乳头瘤病毒载量有关,病毒载量越高,CIN发生危险度越高。     

高危型HPV负荷量与宫颈上皮内瘤变的关系

高危型HPV持续感染是引起宫颈病变的重要病因学因素。目前高危型HPV检测已成为筛查宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的重要手段。现将近年以高危型HPV负荷量预测宫颈病变的风险,判断病变的程度,以及预测宫颈病变治疗后有无残留病灶,评估治疗效果及判断预后等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变合并阴道上皮内瘤变临床特征分析

目的:探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)合并阴道上皮内瘤变(VAIN)的临床特点及危险因素。方法:收集承德医学院附属医院妇产科634例CIN患者的临床资料,其中49例CIN合并VAIN,585例CIN。对比分析两组患者的临床特征,logistic回归多因素分析CIN合并VAIN的独立危险因素。结果:CIN合并VAIN组患者的中位年龄56岁,绝经后患者占85.7%,CIN组患者的中位年龄38岁,绝经后患者占16.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CIN合并VAIN组中,95.9%的患者具有HPV感染,其中多重HPV感染占57.1%,多重HPV感染率明显高于CIN组(35.4%)(P<0.05)。两组患者均以HPV16型感染最常见,CIN合并VAIN组中感染最多的依次为HPV16、52、66、58、53型,CIN组依次为HPV16、58、52、33、18型。多因素分析显示,年龄是CIN合并VAIN的独立危险因素(OR=1.245,P<0.05)。VAIN3患者的TCT较多为HSIL和ASC-H,VAIN1较多为ASCUS和LSIL。CIN分级与VAIN分级具有一致...     

辛复宁配合LEEP治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变临床观察

<正>宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)是宫颈癌前病变[1],目前证实CIN与HPV感染高度相关[2]。伴有病毒感染的CIN患者,采用普通抗生素或物理治疗往往难以彻底清除病毒。2009年1月～12月我院应用重组人干扰素α-2b阴道泡腾胶囊(辛复宁)配合LEEP治疗CIN,报道如下。     

阴道上皮内瘤变与TCT、高危型HPV感染、宫颈病变的关系研究

目的 探讨阴道上皮内瘤变（VAIN）与液基细胞学（TCT）、高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染及宫颈病变的关系。方法 选取120例VAIN患者,对患者临床资料进行整理,分析该疾病的发生与TCT、高危型HR-HPV感染及宫颈病变的关系。结果 120例患者中,≥42岁患者发生VAIN的占比均明显高于<42岁者;HR-HPV感染阳性者共计106例,占比88.33%,低度鳞状上皮内瘤变（ISIL）与高度鳞状上皮内瘤变（HSIL）的HR-HPV阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。随着VAIN级别的提升,TCT诊断级别也不断提升;在VAIN患者中,有78.33%的患者出现宫颈病变（94/120）,患者的VAIN级别随着宫颈病变级别的升高而逐渐升高。结论 VAIN的发病与年龄存在密切的关系,其病情严重程度与TCT、HR-HPV感染及宫颈病变级别存在一定关系。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变LEEP术后高危型HPV感染的检测意义

<正>环形电切术(loop electrosurgical excision procedure,LEEP)是治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)的常见方法,它在切除病变的同时,去除了部分人乳头状瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)。但是,既使完整切除了病灶,仍有部分病例存在HPV持续感染和局部复发。     

HPV感染年龄与高度宫颈上皮内瘤变的关系

目的探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染患者年龄分布与高度宫颈上皮内瘤变和宫颈癌的关系。方法 2008年7月至2009年4月在中日友好医院同时采用液基薄层细胞学（LCT）和HPV检测行宫颈癌筛查的妇女948例,对LCT≥ASC-US和/或HR-HPV阳性的367例患者进行阴道镜下宫颈活检。结果 〈50岁年龄组妇女的HR-HPV感染率（34.27%）与≥50岁年龄组妇女（18.98%）比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;〈30岁、30～49岁和≥50岁3个年龄组HR-HPV阳性者中,≥CIN2患者的例数分别为18例（39.13%）、81例（43.78%）和17例（32.69%）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论各个年龄段感染HR-HPV的妇女发生≥CIN2的机会无明显差异,均应加强随访。     

外阴上皮内瘤变和阴道上皮内瘤变中低危型和高危型人乳头瘤病毒的分布

人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）在人体肛门、生殖器部位肿瘤的形成中起着关键作用。但是，目前绝大多数的研究集中于宫颈病变上，关于外阴上皮内瘤变（VIN）、阴道上皮内瘤变（VaIN）的研究相对较少。研究VIN及VaIN中HPV的分布，有助于理解低级别的VIN及VaIN（VIN I、VaIN I）的性质以及与高级别病变之间的相关性。     

高危型HPV感染绝经后女性宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变的诊治

高级别鳞状上皮内病变（high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,HSIL）与高危型人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV）持续感染有关,被视为宫颈癌前病变,有癌变潜能。绝经后女性由于宫颈的年龄依赖性变化,宫颈HSIL的诊治难度增加。虽然宫颈活组织检查是诊断宫颈病变的金标准,但也存在漏诊现象,然而宫颈管搔刮术可提高绝经期女性HSIL的诊断准确率,尤其阴道镜检查不满意但可疑宫颈病变时宫颈管搔刮术的效果更为显著。尽管切缘阳性被认为是宫颈切除后病变残留/复发的关键因素,切缘阴性也并不意味着病灶已被完全切除。而且因为宫颈萎缩、宫颈缩短和阴道穹窿部消失等原因使宫颈切除性手术操作困难,增加膀胱、直肠等邻近脏器损伤的风险,同时,绝经期女性激素水平降低,宫颈癌好发部位转化区内移至宫颈管内,阴道镜检查无法及时找到可疑部位,导致宫颈癌漏诊。因此,探讨针对绝经后女性宫颈病变的最优诊疗方案有重要的临床意义。通过分析绝经后女性宫颈HSIL的诊治现状及面临的难题,为绝经后妇女宫颈病变的个体化诊治提供理论指导。     

宫颈电圈环切术诊治宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床观察

目的探讨宫颈电圈环切术(LEEP)在诊治宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)中的作用。方法选择304例CIN患者作为研究对象,采用LEEP行宫颈锥切术,比较术前宫颈活检与术后病理结果,术后3个月和6个月复查宫颈薄层液基细胞学检测(LCT)、HPV结果。结果与术前活检结果相比术后病理结果降级占3.6%(11/304),相同占91.1%(277/304),升级占5.3%(16/304),浸润癌1例;切缘阳性率为3.9%(12/304)。LCT随访结果,术后3个月正常者99.3%;术后6个月正常者93.8%。HPV随访结果,术后3个月HPV阴性者占91.7%,术后6个月HPV阴性者占92.7%。结论LEEP是诊断及治疗CIN安全且有效的方法。     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变患者行宫颈环切术对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨对宫颈上皮内瘤变患者行宫颈环切术对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析1995年5月～2002年4月因宫颈上皮内瘤变行宫颈环切术27例患者的妊娠结局。结果占同期宫颈环切术手术的13．3％(27／203),患者年龄为23～40岁,中位年龄为30．3岁。27例中,10例因计划生育行人工流产术,1例异位妊娠,2例妊娠6～8周自然流产。14例足月分娩,其中阴道分娩9例。剖宫产5例。所有分娩孕妇的分娩孕周均大于38周,胎儿体重2905～4000g。新生儿1分钟Apgar评分：9分2例;10分12例,无新生儿窒息。结论宫颈环切术是治疗子宫颈上皮内瘤变的安全有效方法,只要掌握手术指征和手术切除范围,对其后的妊娠生育是安全的。     

Value of human papillomavirus testing after conization by loop electrosurgical excision for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) testing during the follow-up of patients after conization by loop electrosurgical excision for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 205 patients who underwent conization for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (CIN 2 or 3). Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) was used in all cases. High-risk HPV testing was realized by the Hybrid Capture II system before and 3 months after conization. RESULTS: Of the 205 patients, 193 (94.1%) were positive for the HPV test before conization. Seventy-one were HPV positive after conization (34.6%). The margins were positive in 36.1%. Residual disease was observed in 27 cases (13.2%). Four patients (2%) developed a recurrence after a mean follow-up of 18.1 months (+/-12). There was no correlation between pretreatment HPV testing and the residual disease or recurrence. Patients with positive margins were significantly more likely to have residual disease than those with negative margins (P < 0.0001). Residual disease was more likely to occur when the posttreatment HPV test was positive (P < 10(-7)). All recurrences were observed in patients with a positive posttreatment HPV test (P < 0.05). Residual disease and recurrence were correctly predicted with a sensitivity of 81 and 100%, respectively, and a negative predictive value of 96 and 100%. CONCLUSION: Posttreatment HPV testing could be useful in the follow-up of patients after conization. In case of negative posttreatment HPV testing, the frequency of follow-up could be reduced, particularly in those patients with free margins.     

Persistence of human papillomavirus as a predictor for treatment failure after loop electrosurgical excision procedure

We aimed to investigate whether postconization human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can predict treatment failure and improve the accuracy of conventional follow-up in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Between March 2001 and October 2005, 120 patients with confirmed CIN 2 or 3 were treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and were enrolled. Six patients were lost to the follow-up. Postconization follow-up was performed at every 3-6 months during the first year and then annually. Specimens were tested for the presence of HPV, using the Hybrid Capture 2 (Digene Co, Gaithersburg, MD) and HPV DNA chip (Mygene Co, Seoul, Korea) test. Persistent HPV infection was defined as persistently (two times or more) positive HPV tests with the same HPV subtype(s) at initial diagnosis. Twenty-two (19.3%) patients showed treatment failure after conization. The only significant risk factor for redevelopment of CIN after conization was persistence of the same HPV subtype (P < 0.0001). And women with recurrent or residual CIN had higher HPV load during the 6-month follow-up postconization. In conclusion, the persistence of the same HPV subtype after LEEP conization was an important predictor of treatment failure. The follow-up protocol after conization of CIN should include both cervical cytology and HPV test, and HPV DNA chip test is needed to detect a persistent HPV infection.     

干扰素联合宫颈环形电切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变临床研究

目的 探讨干扰素联合宫颈环形电切术(LEEP)在治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)中的作用.方法 对2003年1月至2005年1月大连市妇幼保健院收治,经细胞学、阴道镜定位活检、宫颈管搔刮术病理检查明确诊断为CINⅡ～Ⅲ级的60例病人,进行前瞻性随机对照研究.并对60例病人行LEEP前应用第2代杂交捕获试验(HC2)检测高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA,其中30例病人术前、术后加用干扰素治疗3个疗程为研究组,同时将单纯行LEEP的30例病人作为对照组.分别于治疗后3、6、9、12个月行液基细胞学检查(TCT)及阴道镜下可疑病灶活检,6、12个月行HC2检测以判断两组的疗效.结果 60例病人随诊中均无CIN残留及复发.治疗前两组各有2例HPV阴性.研究组术后6个月复查TCT 3例异常,HC2检测HPV 27例阴性,阴性率90%;术后12个月治愈率100%.对照组术后6个月复查TCT 16例异常,HC2检测HPV 13例阴性,阴性率43.3%;术后12个月复查TCT 4例异常,HC2检测HPV 19例阴性,治愈率63.3%.术后6个月及12个月研究组与对照组治愈率比较,研究组优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 干扰素联合LEEP治疗CIN有双重阻断作用,提高了CIN病人一次性治愈率.     

Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus testing after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

OBJECTIVE: To compare current cytological follow up of women treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with follow up by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing together with cytology. DESIGN: A cost-effectiveness modelling study. SETTING: Gynaecology clinics in the Netherlands. POPULATION: Women treated for high-grade CIN. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to compare six follow-up strategies with HPV testing with current cytological follow up at 6, 12, and 24 months. Model parameter estimation was based on three Dutch follow-up studies and a Dutch population-based screening cohort. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of CIN2/3 cases missed after 5 years follow up, the number of diagnostic procedures, and costs involved. RESULTS: Strategies with adjunct HPV testing were more effective than current follow up (reduction in missed CIN2/3 cases 32-77%, corresponding to a number needed to treat of 192-455) and less inconvenient (reduction in repeat smears 28-65%). A particularly attractive strategy was HPV testing alone at 6 months and both HPV and cytological testing at 24 months after treatment. This strategy yielded a high detection rate of post-treatment CIN, did not lead to an increase in colposcopy rate, and was 49 Euro per woman cheaper than the current strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Our model supports the use of high-risk HPV testing for monitoring women treated for high-grade CIN.     

Outcome after loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

ObjectiveThe dilemma in treating cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is how to achieve complete excision to minimize the risk of cervical cancer while sparing the anatomy of the cervix and its ability to function during pregnancy. The optimal management for positive margins after excisional treatment is still controversial. This study was conducted to determine the clinical and histologic predictors of residual/recurrent HSIL and assess the outcome of women with positive margin.Materials and methodsThis retrospective cohort study included 386 women who had excisional treatment for HSIL during 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2015 in a university-affiliated hospital.ResultsOverall, 212 (54.9%) women had negative margins and 155 (40.2%) had positive margins. The cumulative rate of residual/recurrent HSIL at 2 and 5 years was 15.7% and 16.8% respectively in positive margins and 1.8% and 5.0% respectively in negative margins (p < 0.001). Of women who had residual/recurrent HSIL, significantly more women had positive margins compared to negative margins (74.1% vs 25.9%, p = 0.001). Positive margin was significantly associated with higher rate of subsequent abnormal cervical smear (48.2% vs 28.9%, p < 0.001), requiring further colposcopy (32.1% vs 14.4%, p < 0.001) and further treatment for SIL (7.5% vs 4.8%, p < 0.001) compared to negative margin.ConclusionMost women (85%) with positive margin went without residual/recurrent HSIL, of which the option of close surveillance with cytology is reasonable. Repeat excision may be considered in selected women with positive margin, endocervical glandular involvement and those who are older or unable to comply with follow-up.