快速脱敏疗法对真菌致敏性哮喘的疗效及IgE,ECP的影响

目的　对真菌致敏性哮喘进行快速脱敏治疗 ,观察其疗效 ,对比治疗前后血清总IgE ,ECP的变化。 方法　对洛阳农村地区 14 0例真菌哮喘患者随机分为两组 ,A组 70例 ,B组 70例。A组采用常规治疗。B组病人在常规治疗基础上采用北京协和医院提供的多价霉菌浸出液做快速脱敏治疗 ,注射浓度从 1:10 5(W /V)开始 ,以 0 .1,0 .2 ,0 .4,0 .8ml剂量递增 ,上午及下午各 1次皮下注射 ,尔后以 1:10 4 ,1:10 3,1:10 2浓度递增 ,8d即可达维持量 ,从第 9日开始进行维持治疗 ,用 1:10 2 浓度每周 1次 0 .5ml皮下注射 ,1年后全部结束。治疗前 1周及 1年疗程结束后 1周抽 2ml静脉血测定治疗前后总IgE ,ECP ,并进行疗效判断。结果　血清总IgE(KU/L)A组治疗前为 (165 .5 0± 41.0 2 )KU/L ,治疗后为 (160 .3 0± 2 5 .3 2 )KU/L ,前后对比无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;B组治疗前为 (170 .65± 40 .2 0 )KU/L ,治疗后为 (75 .3 0± 2 0 .48)KU/L ,前后对比差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。血清ECPA组治疗前为 (19.2 4± 3 .18) μg/L ,治疗后为 (17.2 5± 3 .98) μg/L ,前后对比无明显差异 (P >0 .0 1) ;B组治疗前为 (18.2 4± 4.0 8) μg/L ,治疗后为 (10 .3 3± 2 .67) μg/L ,前后对比差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。疗效判断A组临床控制 2 2例     

大黄煎剂对多发伤并严重感染患者血中内毒素、白细胞介素-6和一氧化氮的影响

目的　观察多发伤并严重感染患者血中内毒素 (LPS)、一氧化氮 (NO)、白细胞介素 -6 (IL - 6 )变化及探讨大黄煎剂的治疗作用。　方法　 75例多发伤并严重感染患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 :对照组 (38例 )应用常规治疗 ;治疗组 (37例 )在常规治疗的基础上 ,自第 4天起应用大黄煎剂 (10 0ml,口服 ,2次 d)治疗。观察两种方法治疗后LPS、NO、IL - 6的变化。　结果　 (1)两组患者血中 3项指标均明显升高 ,对照组LPS为 (15 .2 6± 4 .0 1)～ (40 .2 4± 4 .4 7)ng L、NO为 (5 5 5 .91± 12 4 .70 )～ (72 1.5 9± 2 5 5 .33)mg L、IL - 6为 (0 .10± 0 .0 2 )～ (5 4 3.2 3± 319.75 )ng L ;治疗组LPS为(15 .74± 3.81)～ (41.35± 4 .16 )ng L、NO为 (5 4 2 .70± 139.2 1)～ (74 9.37± 2 91.80 )mg L、IL - 6为(0 .11± 0 .0 2 )～ (5 79.18± 4 0 5 .4 3)ng L ,两组间比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (2 )治疗组应用大黄煎剂后 ,3项指标均逐渐下降 ,LPS为 (2 1.0 7± 3.6 5 )～ (17.0 4± 5 .91)ng L、NO为 (6 0 4 .35±2 13.72 )～ (5 91.15± 136 .31)mg L、IL - 6为 (2 15 .5 4± 110 .6 5 )～ (10 0 .6 8± 95 .4 4 )ng L ,而对照组 3项指标有继续增高趋势 ,两组比较差异有非常显著性意义或显著     

胃食管反流病的食管运动与胃肠激素及雌激素的关系

为探讨胃食管反流病 (GERD)的食管运动功能及其与消化道激素、雌激素的关系 ,用SGY 3型消化道动力测定仪检测了 2 0例食管炎和 2 5例内镜阴性GERD患者的食管运动功能 ,并用RIA测定了各组患者血浆胃动素、胃泌素、胰高糖素及雌激素水平。结果发现 ,内镜阴性GERD患者下食管括约肌压力 (LESP) [( 2 12±1 0 0 )kPa]明显低于正常对照组 [( 3 2 3± 0 72 )kPa ,P <0 0 1] ,食管炎组LESP[( 1 2 8± 0 5 6 )kPa]又明显低于内镜阴性GERD组 (P <0 0 1) ;GERD患者食管中下段蠕动波压力较正常人也明显减低 (P <0 0 1) ,食管炎组的下段食管蠕动波压力又明显低于内镜阴性GERD组 (P <0 0 1) ;食管炎组与内镜阴性GERD患者血浆雌激素[( 4 70 42± 6 7 5 5 ) pmol/L ,( 396 5 9± 5 5 17) pmol/L]较正常人有明显增高 [( 91 2 3± 33 2 9)pmol/L ,P <0 0 1) ] ,并与LESP呈中等度负相关 (r =0 443,P <0 0 2 )。     

集束电极射频治疗肺癌效果的CT评估

目的　CT评价集束电极射频治疗肺癌的近期疗效。方法　对 6 8例肺癌患者通过集束电极射频治疗用CT比较手术前后肿瘤大小和密度的变化。结果　 6 8例肺癌 70个病灶射频治疗术前、术后 30min和术后 6 0d进行CT复查。单点治疗组 :病灶的体积在术后 30min增大明显 ,在术后 6 0d缩小 ,治疗前后病灶最大径分别为 (4.15± 0 .97)cm ,(5 .5 4± 1.37)cm和 (2 .79± 0 .6 8)cm ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。多点治疗组 :病灶的体积在 30min增加不显著 ,在 6 0d缩小不明显 ,病灶最大径分别为 (8.0 6±1.91)cm ,(9.13± 1.78)cm和 (7.6 3± 2 .16 )cm ,无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。病灶CT值在术后 30min和术后 6 0d均减低 ,单点治疗组 :治疗前、治疗后 30min及 6 0d的密度值分别为 :(49.6± 6 .2 )Hu ,(40 .5±14.4)Hu和 (35 .2± 3.2 )Hu ;多点治疗组分别为 :(46 .7± 5 .3)Hu ,(37.4± 11.8)Hu ,(35 .1± 2 .3)Hu ,以上均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CT可判定肺癌集束电极射频治疗前后病灶大小变化和密度变化 ,给肺癌射频治疗的预后提供重要参数 ,为重复治疗提供依据     

卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗急性心肌梗死伴心功能不全对比研究

目的　比较卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)伴心功能不全患者的疗效和安全性。方法　 82例AMI伴左心室收缩功能减退患者以 2 :1随机分为卡维地洛组 (5 4例 )和美托洛尔组(2 8例 )。测定治疗前后临床心功能分级、血压、心率、左心室功能及肾功能和血糖、血脂水平。结果　治疗后 ,卡维地洛组的收缩压、舒张压和心率分别从 (12 6± 2 2 )mmHg ,(77± 10 )mmHg和 (75± 10 )次 min下降至 (12 2± 16 )mmHg(P <0 .0 1) ,(74± 9)mmHg(P <0 .0 5 )和 (6 9± 6 )次 min(P <0 .0 1)。美托洛尔组的心率从 (79± 7)次 min下降至 (71± 7)次 min(P <0 .0 1) ,但收缩压 [(12 9± 17)mmHg和 (12 9± 13)mmHg]和舒张压 [(79± 8)mmHg和 (77± 10 )mmHg]无显著变化。卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗后 ,NYHA心功能分级分别从 2 .7和 2 .8改善为 2 .0 (P =0 .0 0 1)和 2 .2 (P <0 .0 0 1)。两组左心室射血分数增高 (从 0 .4 4± 0 .0 9和 0 .4 5± 0 .0 7增加至 0 .5 2± 0 .0 9和 0 .5 1± 0 .0 8,P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,收缩末期容量降低 (从 5 9± 2 8ml和 5 4± 2 1ml降低至 5 3± 2 2ml和 4 9± 15 ,P均 <0 .0 5 )。卡维地洛组的血糖、总胆固醇 (TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)从 7.5mmol L ,4 .6mmol L和 3.0mmol L     

平衡法门控核素心室显像评价生长激素对扩张型心肌病心功能的影响

目的　评价基因重组生长激素 (rhGH)对扩张型心肌病 (DCM)心功能的影响及疗效。方法　采用99Tcm RBC平衡法门控心室显像 ,将 5 6例DCM伴中、重度心力衰竭患者随机分为rhGH治疗组 (2 8例 )和对照组 (2 8例 )。rhGH组 :在常规内科治疗基础上隔日肌肉注射rhGH 4.5U ;对照组采用单纯内科常规治疗方法。疗程均为 3个月。治疗前后进行超声心动图和门控心室显像 ,观察各项心功能指标。结果　rhGH治疗 3个月后DCM患者二维超声心动图所测左室收缩末内径 (LVEsd)由用药前 (5 9.8± 7.2 )mm缩小至用药后 (5 3 .6± 8.4)mm(P <0 .0 1)。99Tcm RBC平衡法门控心室显像 :rhGH组中左室扩大为主 7例 :左室射血分数 (LVEF)由治疗前 (2 8.3 2± 6.95 ) %升至用药后 (3 8.3 0±5 91) % (P <0 .0 1) ,左室高峰射血率 (PER ,EDV/s)由治疗前 2 .11± 0 .91升至用药后 2 .96± 0 .6(P <0 .0 1) ;双心室扩大组 2 1例 :LVEF由治疗前 (2 3 .6± 9.65 ) %升至 (3 5 .65± 9.2 1) % (P <0 .0 1) ,左室PER由治疗前 0 .94± 0 .65升至 1.76± 0 .82 (P <0 .0 1) ;右室射血分数 (RVEF)由 (2 2 .40± 7.5 1) %升至(3 3 .65± 5 .11) % (P <0 .0 1) ,右室PER由 0 .89± 0 .46升至 1.3 7± 0 .5 1(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　rhGH治疗3个月后DCM患     

高原地区原发性肾病综合征肾小管功能损害及预后的关系

目的 :探讨高原地区 (海拔 3 680m)原发性肾病综合征 (PNS)肾小管功能损害及与泼尼松疗效的关系 ;方法 :PNS患者经泼尼松 1mg (kg·d)正规治疗 8周后根据疗效分为有效组 (n =3 8)和无效组 (n =1 2 ) ,与泼尼松治疗前后对 50例高原地区PNS患者酶联免疫法测定尿视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP)及N -乙酰 -β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG)、冰点法测定次晨尿渗透压、磺基水杨酸比浊法测定 2 4小时尿蛋白量、碱性苦味酸法测定血清肌酐 ;结果 :①高原地区PNS患者泼尼松治疗前尿RBP( 0 .54± 1 .1 9)mg L、NAG( 1 1 2 .84± 42 .82 )u L及次晨尿渗透压 ( 553 .62± 2 48.91 )mosm L ,与正常对照组间有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;②有效组与无效组相比 ,泼尼松治疗前尿RBP( 0 .3 3± 0 .1 6或 0 .68± 0 .1 4 )mg L、NAG( 97.46± 3 2 .53或 1 58.65± 1 2 .98)u L及次晨尿渗透压 ( 61 9.45± 48.92或 3 3 7.81± 2 6.56)mosm L差别有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而 2 4小时尿蛋白定量、血清肌酐差别无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ;③有效组治疗后尿RBP、NAG及渗透压恢复正常 ,而无效组无明显变化 ;结论 :高原地区PNS存在肾小管功能损害 ,其泼尼松疗效可能与肾小管功能损害程度有关     

早期肠道内营养在重型脑外伤治疗中的作用

目的　研究早期肠道内营养 (EN)在重型脑外伤患者治疗过程中的作用。方法　对 30例重型脑外伤患者行早期肠道内营养 ,取同期的 30例重型脑外伤患者行早期肠道外营养 (PN) ,并动态观察其白蛋白、淋巴细胞数 (LC)、谷草转氨酶 (ALT)、血糖、颅内压 (ICP)、哥拉斯哥评分 (GCS)、体重、应激性溃疡发病率等变化。结果　伤后 10天 ,EN组与PN组的白蛋白、LC、ICP、体重无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但伤后 10天 ,EN组ALT低于PN组 ,分别为 (35± 4.8)u/L ,(38± 4.2 )u/L ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ;EN组血糖也低于PN组 ,分别为 (8.4± 3.4)mmol/L ,(10 .3± 3 .6 )mmol/L ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ;EN组GCS评分高于PN组 ,分别为 (10 .6± 2 .7)分 ,(8.9±2 .6 )分 ,(P <0 .0 5 )分 ;EN组应激性溃疡发病率低于PN组 ,分别为 10 %和 33 .3% (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　早期肠道内营养与肠道外营养具有同样的营养价值 ,但在调节内脏功能、降低血糖、保护肝脏、降低应激性溃疡的发病率、促进神经功能恢复等方面明显优于肠道外营养     

黄芪抗肝纤维化的作用与转化生长因子β_1及干扰素γ的关系

目的　探讨黄芪抗肝纤维化的作用与转化生长因子 β1(TGFβ1)及干扰素γ(IFN γ)的关系。方法　分别测定慢性肝炎黄芪治疗前后血清TGFβ1,透明质酸 (HA)及外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)产生IFN γ的变化。结果　慢性乙型肝炎血清TGFβ1,HA ,PBMC产生IFN γ的含量分别为 (4 2 8.85± 117.5 3)mg/L ,(35 6 .77± 78.43) μg/L ,(12 .3± 5 .7) μg/L ,黄芪治疗后分别为 (2 2 2 .6 9± 85 .73)mg/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,(179.2 3± 5 8.43) μg/L(P <0 .0 1) ,(2 2 .6± 8.7) μg/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗前后TGFβ1,HA均高于对照组 ,治疗前PBMC产生IFN γ含量低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　黄芪具有抗肝纤维化作用 ,其机制可能与调节患者TGFβ1,IFN γ含量有关。     

奥曲肽在预防胰腺手术后并发症中的作用

目的　观察奥曲肽在胰腺手术后防止出现并发症中的作用。方法　将 2 1例壶腹周围癌行胰十二指肠切除术的患者随机分为对照组 (n =9)和奥曲肽治疗组 (n =12 ) ,对照组采用常规治疗 ,治疗组除常规治疗外 ,于术后开始应用奥曲肽 0 .1mg 1/8h连续 3～ 5d。 结果　治疗组在术后病情稳定 ,体温波动小 ,胃液、胆汁和胰液的分泌量分别为 (90± 32 )ml/d ,(6 0± 11)ml/d和 (6 5± 2 0 )ml/d ,均较对照组明显减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,胰液中淀粉酶为 (5 0 0± 16 2 )U/L ,较对照组明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　奥曲肽在胰腺手术后 ,减少消化液的分泌 ,尤其在预防胰瘘中发挥重要的作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.