缺锌和补锌对大鼠血清锌、铜及血脂水平影响的研究

健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４５只，先进行２５天锌缺乏实验，继之２１只大鼠再进行１５天锌补充实验。结果显示，缺锌可致大鼠血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）含量增高，而血清锌（Ｚｎ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）及其亚组分ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ含量明显下降，并且血清Ｚｎ含量与上述各指标均呈很好的剂量反应关系。适量补锌（１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）均可使大鼠的各项指标完全恢复，而大剂量补锌（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）则使ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ有延迟恢复的趋向。血清铜（Ｃｕ）含量始终无明显改变。提示，膳食锌含量缺乏可致血脂代谢紊乱，而大剂量补锌又可使血脂恢复延迟，因此，膳食中Ｚｎ含量应有适当的剂量范围。     

鄂产云豆降血脂功能的研究

云豆为鄂西山区特产之一。动物实验表明：（１）能有效地防止摄高脂饲料大鼠血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－ｃ）的升高；（２）能使大鼠高血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ和ＬＤＬ－ｃ的水平降低；（３）对大鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－ｃ）水平有一定的稳定作用。可见鄂产云豆有明显的预防和治疗高血脂的功效。     

紫苏油和松籽油对大鼠机体脂类和脂质过氧化的影响

在高脂饲料中分别加入６％的紫苏油和松籽油，在实验动物总能量与主要营养素摄入基本相同、脂肪占总能量３２．６％的条件下饲喂Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性成年大鼠３周。结果表明，紫苏油和松籽油对高脂血症大鼠均有一定的调整血脂作用。紫苏油和松籽油组大鼠血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）的比值（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤ－Ｌ－Ｃ）、致动脉粥样硬化指数（ＡＩ）的增加值和ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ、卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）活性的下降均不同程度地低于单纯食猪油的高脂对照组。紫苏油尚可提高高脂血症大鼠血清ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅱ胆固醇（ＨＤＬ２Ｃ）水平及ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ与高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅲ胆固醇（ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）比值（ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）；松籽油未见显著升高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ作用。各组动物血清ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ水平无显著差异。紫苏油和松籽油组大鼠肝体比值低于高脂对照组。紫苏油组大鼠肝脏过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量高于松籽油和高脂对照组。但与正常组比较，紫苏油、松籽油和高脂对照组大鼠肝体比值、肝脂质含量、肝组织病理学检查显示的肝脂变程度和肝脏ＬＰＯ含量均增高，而肝组织中谷胱?     

对高血脂模型大鼠血清钙镁等微量元素的观察

采用猪油或玉米油的高脂高胆固醇饲料诱导出大鼠高血脂模型，并以基础饲料为对照，观察了各组动物的血清钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、铬和锰的变化。结果表明，高血脂动物血清铜／锌比值低于对照组，血清铜、镁、铬和铜／锌比值与血脂中总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）呈负相关，血清铬与ＬＤＬ－Ｃ负相关。还观察了各种元素与大脑脂褐素及脂质过氧化物之间的关系。     

食物中可溶性纤维对大鼠脂质水平的影响

用５种不伺膳食纤维喂饲高胆固醇膳ＳＤ大鼠４周，观察对大鼠血、肝胆固醇、甘油三酯水平和肝组织学的影响。结果显示，瓜儿豆胶组至实验２周末，燕麦和沙棘皮组实验期末血清ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ及肝ＴＣ水平显著低于其它各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；燕麦组血清ＨＤＬ－Ｃ显著高于高脂无纤维素对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＬＤＬ－Ｃ比值燕麦和豆胶组显著高于其它各组（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ值除琼脂组外，各组均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；豆胶组大鼠摄食量及体重增长显著低于其它各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。镜检发现豆胶、燕麦和沙棘皮有良好抗肝脂肪变的作用。提示：可溶性纤维能有效地降低血和肝胆固醇水平，因其成分不同降脂作用有异，其中瓜儿豆胶、燕麦食物作用明显且迅速。     

接触二硫化碳工人血脂、血浆卵磷脂─胆固醇酰基转移酶活性及血铜、锌值的调查

本文对５７名接触二硫化碳（ＣＳ＿２）工人和５５名非接触工人的血脂、血浆卵磷脂─胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）活性及血清铜、锌值进行调查。结果表明：接触组工人血浆ＬＣＡＴ活性显著抑制（Ｐ＜０．０５），血清铜、锌值显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），血铜、锌比值增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。血清铜、锌值与血脂及血浆ＬＣＡＴ活性的线性相关分析无显著性。揭示：ＣＳ＿２可通过抑制ＬＣＡＴ活性而引起脂质代谢障碍；ＣＳ＿２能干扰铜、锌代谢，导致机体铜、锌含量减少。但铜、锌含量减少与脂质代谢障碍的关系尚需进一步研究。     

不同食用油和调合油对大鼠血脂影响的研究

观察６种食用油和４种调合油与高胆固醇同时摄入时大鼠血脂的变化。结果表明，饲以猪油，花生油，茶油可使大鼠血清ＴＣ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ，ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值明显升高，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ下降；豆油次之，但有升ＴＧ作用油和牛油各项指标处于相对较低水平。４种调合油对大鼠ＴＣ，ＴＧ，ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值的升高和ＨＤＬ－Ｃ降低有明显抑制作用，能维持在实验前的正常水平，有利于维持大鼠脂质代谢。     

产妇和新生儿血清脂类,脂蛋白和镜铜含量及相关关系的研究

本实验对５３例正常分娩产妇和６１例新生儿血清脂类及脂蛋白和血清锌，铜的含量及其相关关系做了初步的研究。结果表明：产妇血中ＴＧ，ＴＣ，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及铜均比正常对照组高，但血清锌较低（０．４１ｍｇ／Ｌ）。除ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值无差异外，各项指标及Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。母血中ＴＧ，ＴＣ，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及铜均比     

食用油对血脂、脂质过氧化、膜磷脂脂肪酸及血小板功能的影响

大鼠分别喂饲猪油、花生油、茶油、豆油、麻油及牛油高胆固醇饲料１～３个月，发现：１．麻油及牛油组血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）水平远低于诸油及花生油组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。茶油及豆油组ＴＣ与ＬＤＬ－Ｃ居中。甘油三酯以豆油组最高，茶油组最低（Ｐ＜０，０５）。２．各组红细胞膜、心肌线粒体及肝微粒体磷脂脂肪酸与饲料脂肪酸水平呈正相关。ＲＢＣ膜及心肌线粒体磷脂中，猪油及牛油组饱和脂肪酸含量较高，茶油组的单不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，麻油及花生油组的多不饱和脂肪酸（ＰＵＦＡ）含量较高。３．茶油组血清、肝及脑丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平最低，其余各组均较高。豆油组的肝ＭＤＡ最高。４．血清、肝超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平以花生油及豆油组较低。５．血小板聚集率及血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）／６－酮－前列腺索Ｆ＿（１ａ）（６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ））比值以麻油组最低、豆油组较高。６．茶油组的生物膜流动性较大，而猪油及牛油组较小。     

低浓度CO对作业工人乳酸脱氢酶及同工酶谱的影响

通过对ＣＯ男性作业工人及配对对照的血清ＬＤＨ同工酶的观察，探讨低浓度ＣＯ对血清ＬＤＨ活性和同工酶谱的影响。结果表明：低浓度ＣＯ作业工人血清ＬＤＨＨ亚单位含量降低，Ｍ亚单位含量增高，与对照差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＬＤＨ＿２显著低于对照（Ｐ＜０．０５），且ＬＤＨ＿１／ＬＤＨ＿２有增高趋势。两组工人血清ＬＤＨ活性未见显著差异。提示：接触低浓度ＣＯ导致作业工人血清ＬＤＨ同工酶谱发生改变。     

实验性动脉粥样硬化对血清铜、锌、铬、锰、硒的影响

本研究观察高胆固醇血症和实验性动脉粥样硬化形成对必需微量元素Cu、Zn、Cr、Mn、Se代谢的影响。将22只家兔随机分为动脉粥样硬化造型组和对照组。造型组每只家兔每天喂胆固醇0.5g,该组在形成高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化的4个月过程中,血清Cu均值逐渐升高,Zn逐渐降低,Ca/Zn比值逐渐增大,前后对比差异显著。对照组血清Cu、Zn无显著变化。两组的血清Cu、Zn同次测定值对比有显著或高度显著差异。血清Cr、Mn、Se均无显著变化。相关性检验证实,造型组血清胆固醇均值与血清Ca均值无显著相关(P>0.5),而与血清Zn均值呈高度负相关(P<0.01)。结果表明,在形成实验性动脉粥样硬化的过程中,高胆固醇食物及高胆固醇血症可引起血清Zn降低,又通过锌铜拮抗,使血清Cu升高。     

缺铜致大鼠高脂血症的研究

雄性断奶大鼠,随机分为两组,喂合铜饲料和缺铜饲料,饲养一个月。缺铜组大鼠体重增加少,血浆总蛋白和血红蛋白含量降低,血浆铜和动脉壁铜含量下降,同时出现血脂增高和单胺氧化酶活力降低。实验结果表明,食物缺铜可引起高胆固醇血症和含铜酶活力降低。     

Serum and liver lipids in rats fed mixtures of corn and palm oils ± cholesterol

Rats were fed diets containing various mixtures of corn and palm oils ranging from 100% corn (CO) or palm oil (PO) to 90:10, 75:25, or 50:50 CO, and 75:25, 10:90, or 100% PO. One set of diets was augmented with 0.4% cholesterol and 0.1% cholic acid. When the diets were cholesterol-free, there were virtually no differences between groups in serum total or HDL cholesterol. Serum triglyceride levels were lowest in the rats fed 100% PO. Liver cholesterol levels were virtually the same in all groups. As the PO contribution to the dietary fat was increased, liver triglyceride levels fell, being lowest in rats fed 100% PO. Serum total and HDL cholesterol levels in rats fed CO plus cholesterol-cholic acid were the same as those seen in rats on the cholesterol-free diet. Introduction of the lowest level of PO raised serum cholesterol levels significantly and they continued to rise as more palm oil (palmitic acid) was introduced into the diet. Serum triglyceride levels were similar in all groups, but liver triglycerides fell with increasing dietary PO.The data support the assertion of Hayes and Khosla that palmitic acid becomes hypercholesterolemic only in cholesterol-containing diets. The observed effects of palmitic acid on serum and liver triglyceride levels, especially the latter, merit further study.     

Dietary cholesterol decreases the serum level of zinc: further evidence for the positive relationship between serum zinc and high-density lipoproteins

The previous finding (Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34:2376-81) that the serum level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is positively correlated with the serum concentration of zinc (r = +0.81; p less than 0.01) led us to evaluate further the zinc-HDL relationship as affected by dietary cholesterol. The two diets, one control diet containing no cholesterol and the other containing 1% cholesterol, were isocalorically formulated with an equal but adequate level of zinc. Cholesterol feeding produced a significant decrease in the serum level of HDL cholesterol at 8th wk of dietary treatment and a significant increase in very low density lipoprotein cholesterol at 4th and 8th wk. At the same intervals of dietary treatment, significant decreases in serum zinc levels were observed in cholesterol-fed rats; no changes were noted in the serum levels of other related elements such as copper, calcium, and magnesium. Linear regression analysis of the 44 pairs of serum HDL and zinc values revealed a significant positive correlation (r = +0.57; p less than 0.01) between the two parameters. The rather selective lowering of serum zinc due to cholesterol feeding and the observation of the positive serum zinc-HDL relationship observed in the present and previous studies warrant further investigation into the role of zinc in cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein metabolism.     

Effects of addition of arginine, cystine, and glycine to the bovine milk-simulated amino acid mixture on the level of plasma and liver cholesterol in rats

The effects of the addition of varying levels of arginine (Arg), cystine (Cys), and glycine (Gly) to the bovine milk-simulated amino acid mixture on the levels of plasma and liver cholesterol were investigated in rats. The diets containing a high amount of Cys lowered significantly the level of plasma cholesterol as the amount of Cys in diets increased. The serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level and fecal excretion of acidic steroids were higher in rats fed the Cys diets than in those fed the Arg and Gly diets. No differences, however, was observed in the content of liver cholesterol. Liver triglyceride contents elevated significantly on feeding the Arg and Cys diets. Furthermore, liver phospholipid contents elevated significantly on feeding the Arg diet but lowered on feeding the Cys diet. Therefore, these results indicated that the feeding of a high amount of Cys lowers the plasma cholesterol levels as the result of the enhanced conversion of cholesterol to bile acids.     

甲鱼蛋粉混合物对高脂模型大鼠血脂的影响

目的　研究甲鱼蛋粉混合物 (红花油、维生素E、大蒜粉、甲鱼蛋粉 )对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用。方法　将 5 0只健康雄性SD大鼠按体重和血清胆固醇水平随机分成 5组 ,分别接受正常饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料加甲鱼蛋粉混合物 (低、中、高剂量分别为 0 5、1 5、5 0g kgBW )灌喂处理 ,7周结束 ,测定血清胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)。结果　与高脂饲料组相比 ,甲鱼蛋粉混合物能降低高脂血症大鼠TC、TG和LDL C ,其中高剂量组具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　研究结果表明甲鱼蛋粉混合物具有降低高脂血症大鼠血脂的作用。     

高锌摄入对兔锌铜及脂类代谢的影响

目的 :观察高锌摄入对兔锌铜含量及脂类代谢的影响。方法 :选用纯系雄性新西兰大白兔 2 0只 ,分为加锌组和对照组 ,加锌组饮水中加葡萄糖酸锌 (锌浓度 15 .3mmol/L)喂养 ,连续观察 6个月 ,加锌前后测定锌铜含量 ,测定胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL -C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)、载脂蛋白AI(apoAI)及载脂蛋白B10 0 (apoB10 0 )变化。结果 :加锌组血清、肝和肾锌含量较加锌前及对照组显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;铜含量无变化。加锌组加锌后TC、LDL -C及ApoB10 0较实验前及对照组升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,HDL -C和ApoAI降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)。结论 :动物高锌摄入可干扰锌代谢 ,引起血脂、载脂蛋白和脂蛋白代谢异常 ,这些改变利于动脉硬化形成。     

Relationships of dietary zinc/copper ratios to plasma cholesterol and liver trace mineral deposition in young rats fed saturated and unsaturated fats

The effects of copper and zinc supplements on weight gains, plasma total and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels and liver trace mineral levels were studied in young rats fed either coconut oil or corn oil. Dietary factors included 1.5 ppm and 6 ppm copper, 7.5 ppm and 30 ppm zinc, and the two fat sources. Weight gains and levels of total and HDL-cholesterol were higher in rats fed corn oil than in rats fed coconut oil. Increases in dietary zinc were associated with increases in total and HDL-cholesterol levels in rats fed corn oil, while increases in copper supplements were associated with decreases in total and HDL-cholesterol levels in rats fed either fat source. Supplements of 30 ppm zinc resulted in decreases in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios in rats fed coconut oil but had no apparent effect on these ratios in rats fed corn oil. Thus, zinc may be a more important factor than copper in the reduction of this ratio, particularly if saturated fatty acids predominate in the diet. Increases in dietary copper were associated with increases in liver copper levels of rats fed either fat source. Increases in either dietary copper or zinc resulted in decreases in liver iron deposition in rats fed both fat sources. Results of this study indicate that a dietary zinc/copper ratio of 5 may be required for optimum growth of young rats.