肝硬变病人血浆内毒素水平的测定及临床意义

通过对肝炎后肝硬变36例患者进行血浆内毒素水平的测定，结果90．6％患者有不同程度的内毒素血症，最高达0．85Eu／ml，最低值为0．044Eu／ml，平均为0．47±0．06Eu／ml且血浆内毒素水平随肝功能减退而递增，并与血浆白蛋白呈负相关（r＝－0．581,P＜0.01）与血直接胆红素呈正相关（r＝0．712，P＜0．01）与血ALT、AST水平呈正相关（r＝0.428，r＝0．364,P＜0.05）提示内毒素血症在肝硬变发生、发展中起重要作用，一定程度上可反映肝硬变患者肝脏受损程度，对肝硬变病人应积极采用抗内素素血症治疗，对减缓肝硬变病程及改善预后可望产生积极作用。     

B细胞激活因子受体家族基因表达与原发性胆汁性肝硬化相关性研究

目的探讨B细胞激活因子（BAFF）受体家族基因表达水平与原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）的相关性。方法以18SrRNA为内参基因,通过靶基因与内参基因循环阈值之差,建立实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应（FQ—RT-PCR）相对定量方法,检测30例正常人和30例PBC患者外周血单个核细胞B细胞成熟抗原（BCMA）,穿膜蛋白活化物（TACI）及B细胞激活因子受体（BAFF—R）基因的相对表达量,并分析其与免疫球蛋白IgM、碱性磷酸酶（AIJP）及γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）的相关性。结果PBC患者外周血单个核细胞BCMA mRNA是正常对照组的8．6倍,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;TACI mRNA显著低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而BAFF—R mRNA比正常对照组稍降低,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。BCMA的△Ct值与IgM、GGT和ALP有相关性（P〈0．01）;TACI的△ct值与IgM有相关性（P〈0．05）,与GGT、ALP无相关性（均P〉0．05）;BAFF—R与IgM、GGT和ALP均无相关性（均P〉0．05）。结论PBC患者外周血单个核细胞BCMA mRNA表达水平显著升高,TACI基因表达明显降低,提示PBC发病机制与体液免疫增强、免疫耐受打破有关,且BCMA可能与PBC的疾病进程有关。     

肝炎肝硬化胃动素、胃泌素水平与肝功能损害的关系

目的探讨肝炎肝硬化病人空腹血浆胃动素、胃泌素水平变化及与肝功能损害的关系。方法应用ELISA法检测肝炎肝硬化和正常人空腹血浆胃动素、胃泌素水平,并进行比较。结果肝炎肝硬化病人空腹胃动素、胃泌素水平均明显高于正常人（P〈0．01）,且Child C级〉B级〉A级（P〈0．01）,肝炎肝硬化时空腹血浆胃动素、胃泌素水平与血浆白蛋白呈负相关（r=-0．55,r=-0．47,均为P〈0．01）,与血清总胆红素呈正相关（r=0．66,r=0．72,均为P〈0.01）.结论肝炎肝硬化病人的血浆胃动素、胃泌素水平明显升高,与肝功能损害程度有关。     

冠心病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与血清叶酸、维生素B12浓度的相关性研究

目的观察高同型半胱氨酸血症（HHCY）是否是人群发生冠心病（CHD）的独立危险因素,同时探讨CHD患者血中同型半胱氨酸（HCY）、叶酸、VitB12浓度的变化及其相关性。方法选择CHD患者123例,正常对照101例。采用荧光偏振免疫分析法测定血浆HCY水平,化学发光免疫分析法测定血清叶酸、VitB12浓度。结果（1）CHD组患者血浆HCY平均浓度（15．04±7．58）μmol／L显著高于正常对照组（10．08±3．11）μmol／L,P〈0．01,CHD组患者血清叶酸平均浓度（4．02±2．27）ng/ml显著低于对照组（5．93±2．76）ng／ml,P〈0．01,CHD组患者血清VitBt2平均浓度（303．63±130．51）pg／ml与正常对照组（292．17±94．05）pg/ml比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。CHD组HHCY的发生率（36．59％）亦明显高于对照组（9．90％,P〈0．01）。CHD病因的多元Logistic回归分析显示HCY是CHD发病的独立危险因素。HCY对于CHD的相对危险度（RR）为1．238。相关分析显示：CHD组血浆HCY水平与血清叶酸、与VitB12浓度呈显著负相关（P=0．000）。结论HHCY是CHD的独立危险因素。CHD组血浆HCY水平与血清叶酸、与VitB12浓度呈线性负相关。血浆HCY、叶酸浓度检测有助CHD的诊断。     

血浆IL-17水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性高血压并颈动脉硬化患者血浆中白细胞介素-17（IL-17）水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）的相互关系。方法选取原发性高血压患者220例,行颈动脉彩超检查,根据颈动脉内中膜厚度分组,原发性高血压并颈动脉斑块组（斑块组）96例,原发性高血压并颈动脉增厚组（增厚组）61例,原发性高血压并颈动脉正常组（正常组）63例,对照组61例。采集所有研究对象的血浆,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定其血浆中IL-17浓度,比较血浆IL-17水平与IMT的相关性。结果（1）血浆IL-17水平在斑块组为（401．850±111．137）pg／ml、增厚组为（272．018±82．373）pg／ml、正常组为（195．864±64．001）pg／ml和对照组为（25．509±7．721）pg／ml,血浆IL-17水平依次降低,差异具有显著统计学意义（均P=0.000,P〈0．001）;（2）相关分析显示血浆IL-17水平与IMT呈正直线相关（r=0．732,P〈0．001）。结论原发性高血压并颈动脉硬化患者血浆IL-17与颈动脉内中膜厚度呈正相关。     

冠心病患者血浆sICAM-1和IFN-γ的水平

目的探讨可溶性细胞黏附因子-1（sICAM-1）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）在冠心病发病过程中的作用及其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）对50例冠心病人（急性心梗14例，不稳定心绞痛16例，稳定性心绞痛20例）和30例正常人血浆中sICAM-1和IFN-γ水平进行检测。结果冠心病患者血浆sICAM-1和IFN-γ的水平分别为（344．25±70．55）ng／ml和（1．877±0．104）pg／ml，显著高于正常对照组（146．35±32．69）ng／ml和（0．072±0．014）pg／ml（P〈0．05）；急性心梗组二者的水平分别为（453．54±83．92）ng／ml和（2．316±0．129）pg／ml，显著高于不稳定型心绞痛组[（309．96±55．74）ng／ml和（1．722±0．047）pg／ml]和稳定型心绞痛组[（244．37±60．23）ng／ml和（1．223±O．132）pg／ml]（P〈0．05）。结论血浆sICAM-1和IFN-γ与冠心病的发生与发展相关，二者水平的检测对冠心病诊断及病情监测有重要意义。     

病毒性肝炎血浆内皮素测定及临床意义探讨

目的：了解血浆内皮素（ET）在不同类型肝炎中的情况。方法：采用放射免疫分析法测定患者晨起空腹周围静脉血ET含量。结果：急性肝炎46例,慢性肝炎48例,肝炎后肝硬化31例及正常人20例,各个测定值为47．56±28．24ng／L,49．93±29．55ng／L,64．98±35．0ng／L及48．32±33．5ng／L,表明急、慢性肝炎组与正常组无明显差异,P＞0．05,而肝硬化组与正常组有明显差异,P＜0．02。结论：血浆内皮素参与血管紧张度的维持,在肝硬化的形成和发展中起着一定的作用。     

糖尿病合并肥胖症患者血中IL-18水平及胰岛素抵抗

目的探讨肥胖的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血浆白细胞介素-18（IL-18）水平及其与胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法受试者分为肥胖T2DM组（42例）,非肥胖T2DM组（40例）和正常体重对照组（37例）,除体重指数、腰臀比值外,各组间在年龄、性别、种族等因素上均具有可比性;禁食12—14h,空腹静脉取血,测定血浆IL-18,血脂（TG和TC）、空腹血糖（FPC）、空腹血浆胰岛素（FPI）,并计算胰岛素敏感性指数（IsI）。结果血浆IL-18含量在肥胖T2DM组[（201．10±42．18）pg／ml]明显高于非肥胖T2DM组[（138．45±39．40）pg／m1]（P〈0．05）和对照组[（129．91±34．12）pg／ml]（P〈0．01）;非肥胖T2DM组与对照组之间比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。血浆IL-18水平与ISI呈显著负相关（r=-0．48,P〈0．01）;与空腹TG水平呈正相关（r=0．36,P〈0．05）。结论血浆IL-18水平可能与肥胖T2DM发生有关,血浆中IL-18含量升高可能加重肥胖T2DM患者的胰岛素抵抗。     

家兔正常眼压和高眼压时房水与血浆心钠素水平的实验研究

目的明确高眼压时房水和血浆中心钠素的浓度是否与眼压呈正相关，并探讨房水中心钠素的来源。方法15例家兔青光眼模型，用放射免疫方法测定房水和血浆心钠素含量。结果家兔30眼房水心钠素平均含量，正常眼压时为48.69±21.53pg／ml，高眼压Zh时为69.54±32.98pg／ml，高眼压4h时为155．72±72.34pg／ml，后者与正常眼压l时相比P＜0．01（t=5．34）；家兔血浆心钠素平均含量，正常眼压时为130.32±47.54pg/ml，高眼压2h时为278.68±54.44pg/ml,高眼压4h时为284.68±63.78p8／ml，与正常眼压时相比P＜0.01（t分别为5.41和5.48）。结论高服压时血浆和和房水的心钠素浓度与眼压呈正相关；房水中的心钠素来源于血浆中的心钠素。     

肝硬化患者血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度与肾功能关系

目的　探讨肝硬化患者血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ (ATⅡ )水平与腹水、肾功能状态的关系。方法　 39例肝硬化患者作为研究对象 ,应用放射性核素肾图评价肾功能状态 ,同步测定血浆中ATⅡ、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、血钠以及 2 4h尿钠排泄水平。结果　肝硬化患者血浆ATⅡ水平为 (2 90 .31± 4 7.4 5 )pg/ml,明显高于正常参考值 (34.30～ 90 .70 pg/ml,P <0 .0 5 ) ,合并腹水者的血浆ATⅡ水平为 (386 .2 3± 76 .4 2 ) pg/ml,明显高于无腹水患者的 (112 .86± 2 2 .5 4 ) pg/ml(P <0 .0 5 ) ;ChildC级患者的ATⅡ水平明显高于ChildA及B级患者 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;2 4h尿钠排泄量与血浆ATⅡ水平成负相关 (r =- 0 .5 2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,但与腹水、肾有效血浆流量不相关 ;血钠水平与血浆ATⅡ水平成负相关 (r =- 0 .6 7,P <0 .0 1) ,血钠水平下降者的血浆ATⅡ水平为 (5 4 6 .2 3± 131.5 9)pg/ml,明显高于血钠正常者的 (12 0 .74± 17.15 )pg/ml(P <0 .0 1) ,但与肾有效血浆流量无关 ;血浆ATⅡ水平与Ccr及肾功能不相关。结论　在肝硬化疾病的不同阶段 ,血浆ATⅡ水平存在差异。血浆ATⅡ可能参与肝硬化腹水形成 ,其机制与水钠潴留有关 ,并有导致稀释性低钠血症的倾向 ,但与肾有效血浆流量无关     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.