平阳霉素局部注射对鼻息肉病息肉组织中嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡的影响

目的 :通过观察平阳霉素治疗前后鼻息肉病鼻息肉组织中嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡情况 ,探讨平阳霉素治疗鼻息肉病的机制。方法 :平阳霉素 4mg息肉内注射 ,每周 1次 ,5次为 1个疗程 ;应用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的脱氧三磷酸尿苷缺口末端标记法 (TUNEL法 )检测凋亡细胞 ,与相邻连续的苏木精 伊红染色片对位对照观察嗜酸性粒细胞的凋亡情况。结果 :治愈 7例 ,好转 12例 ,治愈率为 36 .8% ,好转率为 6 3.2 % ;平阳霉素治疗前鼻息肉病组嗜酸性粒细胞表达 [(35 .0 3± 19.90 )个 ]显著高于对照组 [(5 .2 1± 6 .4 3)个 ](P <0 .0 1) ;治疗后鼻息肉病组嗜酸性粒细胞表达 [(7.6 4± 1.4 2 )个 ]明显低于治疗前 (P <0 .0 1) ;治疗后鼻息肉病组嗜酸性粒细胞AI[(4 4 .4 7± 8.97) % ]高于治疗前 [(2 0 .5 3± 7.6 6 ) % ](P <0 .0 1)。结论 :嗜酸性粒细胞是鼻息肉病鼻息肉组织中主要的浸润炎性细胞 ;平阳霉素可通过促进嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡达到治疗鼻息肉病的目的。     

两种细胞粘附分子及肿瘤坏死因子-α在鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义

目的 :通过检测鼻息肉组织中细胞间粘附分子 (ICAM- 1) ,血管细胞粘附分子 (VCAM- 1)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的表达 ,以了解三者与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的关系 ,探讨粘附分子与 TNF-α的相关性。方法 :分别以 ICAM- 1、VCAM- 1及 TNF-α的单克隆抗体对 4 2例鼻息肉组织 (鼻息肉组 )和 16例鼻甲粘膜 (对照组 )进行免疫组织化学染色 ,光镜观察。结果 :ICAM- 1、VCAM- 1及 TNF-α在鼻息肉组织中的表达均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,ICAM- 1、VCAM- 1与 TNF-α的表达呈正相关 (r1 =0 .5 2 ,p1 <0 .0 1;r2 =0 .6 8,p2 <0 .0 1)。鼻息肉中两种细胞粘附分子与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润程度一致。结论 :1嗜酸性粒细胞在鼻息肉的发生发展中发挥重要作用 ;2而 TNF-α通过上调鼻息肉组织内皮细胞ICAM- 1及 VCAM- 1的表达 ,从而促进嗜酸性粒细胞与内皮细胞的粘附 ,穿内皮迁移、聚集于组织局部 ,引起鼻息肉形成。     

TNFα及VCAM-1在鼻息肉中的表达及其与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的关系

目的 :研究鼻息肉组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)和血管活性细胞粘附分子 - 1(VCAM- 1)的表达及其相关性 ,探讨二者与鼻息肉嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的关系。方法 :分别以 TNFα和 VCAM- 1的单克隆抗体对 2 2例鼻息肉组织 (鼻息肉组 )和 16例慢性鼻炎鼻粘膜组织 (对照组 )进行免疫组织化学染色。结果 :TNFα和 VCAM- 1在鼻息肉组中的表达明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且二者呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1)。鼻息肉组中 VCAM- 1的表达与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润程度一致 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :TNFα通过上调血管内皮细胞 VCAM- 1的表达 ,从而促进嗜酸性粒细胞与内皮细胞的粘附 ,穿内皮迁移 ,进而加剧鼻息肉组织中嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润。     

鼻息肉中嗜酸性粒细胞浸润和活化与白细胞介素5表达

目的通过观察鼻息肉中嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润和活化状态,以及白细胞介素5(interleukin-5,IL-5)的表达水平,揭示二者的关系,探索鼻息肉中嗜酸性粒细胞浸润增多调节的机制。方法对30例鼻息肉组织,分别采用chromotrope2R法标记鼻息肉组织中的嗜酸性粒细胞,采用免疫组织化学ABC法,观察嗜酸性粒细胞的活化状态和IL-5的表达水平,然后进行相关性分析。结果①chromotrope 2R染色可特异性地将嗜酸粒细胞的胞浆染成粉红色,活化嗜酸性粒细胞(EG2阳性细胞)和IL-5阳性细胞胞浆中可见棕褐色颗粒。30例鼻息肉中嗜酸性粒细胞的密度为50.7±16.1/0.25mm2,活化嗜酸性粒细胞的密度为20.7±14.3/0.25mm2,IL-5阳性细胞密度为15.9±5.7/0.25mm2,上述三项指标在变应性患者和非变应性患者比较未见显著性差异(P>0.05);②鼻息肉中IL-5阳性细胞密度与chromotrope2R阳性细胞密度密切相关(y=14.723 2.012x,r=0.642,P<0.01),与EG2阳性细胞密度也存在相关关系(y=11.817 1.092x,r=0.602,P<0.05)。结论嗜酸性粒细胞是鼻息肉组织中IL-5的来源之一,IL-5的表达水平是鼻息肉中嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润和活化的调节因素之一。     

Survivin在鼻息肉组织中的表达及与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润相关性的研究

目的研究生存素（Survivin）在鼻息肉组织中的表达及其与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的相关性,探讨Survivin在鼻息肉发病过程中的作用。方法收集28例鼻息肉组织（鼻息肉组）和12例正常下鼻甲组织（对照组）,用HE染色法观察组织中的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况,免疫组化法检测组织中Survivin的表达。结果①HE染色显示鼻息肉组嗜酸性粒细胞浸润显著增加。②免疫组织化学染色显示Survivin免疫阳性细胞数及着色强度均明显高于对照组,图像分析显示,鼻息肉组Survivin的积分光密度（IOD,103/HP）为50.21±6.32,与对照组5.67±0.58相比有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。③Spearman等级相关分析显示,鼻息肉中Survivin表达与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润表达密切相关（r=0.673,P〈0.01）。结论鼻息肉组织中Survivin表达、嗜酸性粒细胞浸润均上调,且二者有协同表达关系。鼻息肉可能是通过凋亡抑制基因Survivin使炎性细胞凋亡受到抑制,从而促进炎性细胞主要是嗜酸性粒细胞浸润生长,导致慢性炎症反应。     

布地奈德对鼻息肉中RANTES的影响

目的观察鼻息肉组织中RANTES及嗜酸性粒细胞表达的变化,探讨糖皮质激素治疗鼻息肉的可能机制。方法对40例鼻息肉患者分别采用布地奈德1 mg或2 mg鼻腔雾化治疗,并以20例生理盐水治疗作为对照,通过免疫组化方法测定鼻息肉治疗前后的RANTES表达及嗜酸性粒细胞数量的变化。结果经布地奈德治疗后鼻息肉中RANTES的表达较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),以布地奈德2 mg组为明显,且嗜酸性粒细胞也随之下降,二者有相关性;而对照组治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论RANTES是诱导嗜酸性粒细胞在鼻息肉中浸润的重要趋化因子,布地奈德可能通过下调RANTES的表达,发挥抗嗜酸性粒细胞炎症的作用。     

鼻息肉中转化生长因子β_1的表达和意义

目的 :探讨转化生长因子β1 (TGF-β1 )在鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义。方法 :将 34例鼻息肉标本及30例中鼻甲粘膜标本行 TGF-β1 免疫组化染色 ,光镜观察。结果 :1TGF-β1 在鼻息肉组织的细胞外基质和固有层浸润细胞的表达明显高于中鼻甲组织 (P <0 .0 1)。 2鼻息肉组织中 TGF-β1 阳性细胞的形态及分布相似于嗜酸性粒细胞 ,二者阳性程度显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 3TGF-β1 阳性表达与鼻息肉的临床分型无关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,嗜酸性粒细胞浸润程度与鼻息肉临床分型密切相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :1TGF-β1 可能直接参与鼻息肉的病理变化 ,导致上皮基底膜增厚和基质纤维化。 2嗜酸性粒细胞可能为鼻息肉中 TGF- β1 的主要来源。 3嗜酸性粒细胞在鼻息肉的发病及复发过程中可能发挥重要作用。     

鼻息肉组织中固生蛋白C的表达与转化生长因子β1的关系

目的:探讨细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)成分固生蛋白C (tenascin C,TNC)在鼻息肉组织中异常表达的原因。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测TNC和转化生长因子β 1(transforming growth factor- β 1)在鼻息肉组织中的表达和关系。进一步采用细胞培养、实时定量RT-PCR和原位ELISA技术研究TGF- β1及嗜酸粒细胞对人呼吸道上皮细胞系BEAS-2B细胞TNC表达的调控作用。结果:①TNC和TGF- β 1蛋白在鼻息肉组织中的表达显著上调,TNC表达强度与TGF-β 1 阳性细胞总数(r=-0．58,P<0．01)和TGF-β 1阳性的嗜酸粒细胞数显著相关(r=-0．61,P<0．01);②浓度为1ng／ml和10ng／ml的 TGF-β 1刺激4h后BEAS-2B细胞TNC mRNA的表达分别为未刺激状态下的(7．20±3．43,x±s,下同)倍和(22．48±5．35)倍, 与未刺激状态下的表达水平相比差异有统计学意义(P值<0．01); 与刺激24h后的TNC蛋白表达的荧光强度相比差异亦有统计学意义(P <0．05);③BEAS-2B细胞和嗜酸粒细胞以2．1、1:1和1:2的数量比例进行共培养,4h后BEAS-2B细胞TNC mRNA的表达与未刺激状态下的表达水平相比,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0．01);24h后 TNC蛋白表达的荧光强度与未刺激状态下的荧光强度相比差异亦均有统计学意义(P值均<0．05);嗜酸粒细胞的这种诱导作用可以被抗 TGF-β 1的中和抗体显著抑制(P<0．05)。结论:TGF-β 1和嗜酸粒细胞可以诱导呼吸道上皮细胞对TNC的表达,嗜酸粒细胞的作用部分通过TGF-β 1介导,鼻息肉组织中TNC表达的增高同嗜酸粒细胞来源的TGF-β 1有关。图9参16     

鼻息肉中IgE及GM-CSF与嗜酸粒细胞浸润的相关性研究

目的:探讨鼻息肉组织中IgE和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)的表达对嗜酸粒细胞浸润聚集的作用及二者的关系及意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测30例鼻息肉标本(鼻息肉组)和11例下鼻甲部分切除术患者下鼻甲黏膜标本(对照组)组织中IgE阳性细胞分布情况;酶联免疫吸附法检测上述标本中GM-CSF含量,同时观测2组组织中嗜酸粒细胞的浸润程度。结果:鼻息肉组中IgE、GM-CSF水平及嗜酸粒细胞数均明显高于对照组(均P<0.01),且IgE与GM-CSF的水平分别与鼻息肉组织中嗜酸粒细胞浸润数呈正相关(r=0.65、0.62,均P<0.01),鼻息肉组中IgE与GM-CSF水平呈正相关(r=0.52,P<0.01)。结论:鼻息肉是以嗜酸粒细胞浸润为特征的疾病过程,IgE及GM-CSF则对鼻息肉中嗜酸粒细胞浸润发挥重要作用,IgE介导的Ⅰ型变态反应在鼻息肉的形成和发展中占有重要地位。     

鼻息肉中免疫球蛋白E白细胞介素5和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的表达

目的 :探讨鼻息肉组织中免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、白细胞介素 5 (IL 5 )和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM CSF)的表达对嗜酸性粒细胞 (EOS)浸润聚集的作用及IgE与IL 5和GM CSF的关系及其意义。 方法 :应用连续两步免疫酶法 (Sandwich)检测 31例鼻息肉标本 (鼻息肉组 )和 11例下鼻甲黏膜标本 (对照组 )组织匀浆中IgE水平 ;应用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测两组组织匀浆中IL 5和GM CSF水平 ,同时观测两组组织中EOS的浸润程度。结果 :鼻息肉组IgE、IL 5和GM CSF水平均明显高于对照组 (圴 P <0 .0 1) ,且三者水平分别与鼻息肉组织中EOS浸润数呈正相关 (r分别为 0 .73、0 .5 4和 0 .4 8,均P <0 .0 1) ,且鼻息肉中IgE与IL 5和GM CSF水平呈正相关 (r分别为 0 .6 5和 0 .4 2 ,分别P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :IgE局部水平的上调提示鼻息肉中存在局部变态反应 ,其对鼻息肉中IL 5和GM CSF的表达上调和EOS的聚集具有重要作用 ;IL 5和GM CSF在鼻息肉中高表达 ,对EOS的浸润聚集具有重要作用。     

细胞间粘附分子在鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨以嗜酸粒细胞浸润为病理特征的鼻息肉组织中局部细胞间粘附分子的表达及其意义。方法 对９例正常鼻粘膜和１９例鼻息肉组织冰冻切片，用细胞间粘附分子１和淋巴细胞功能相关抗原１单抗进行免疫组织化学及其与ＭＧＧ双染，光镜观察，结果 与对照组相比，鼻息肉组织ＩＣＡＭ－１和ＬＦＡ－１的表达均显著增加，组织局部ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达与大量ＬＦＡ－１阳性的嗜酸粒细胞浸润密切相关。结论 鼻息肉组织ＩＣＡＭ－１和Ｌ     

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in nasal polyps treated with corticosteroid

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in nasal polyp cases who were administered topical corticosteroid and in middle turbinates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with nasal polyps were included in the study group. These patients were treated with 100 microg budesonide in each nostril twice daily for 2 months before the surgery. Twenty-one nonatopic patients with concha bullosa were included in the control group. The specimens were taken from patients undergoing endoscopic surgery. RESULTS: In polyps, significantly higher mean ICAM-1 intensity scores were found by comparison with the control turbinates. CONCLUSIONS: Corticosteroid treatment in patients with nasal polyps does not diminish ICAM-1 to that of turbinate tissue. The initiating events in the formation of nasal polyps still occur in these patients despite treatment with the topical nasal steroid.     

Presence of platelet-activating factor in nasal polyps and eosinophils

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been reported to play a role in allergy and inflammatory reactions but its role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps remains unclear. In this study, we examined both PAF and peptide leukotrienes (peptLTs) in individual preparations from nasal polyps. The amounts of PAF were much greater than those of peptLTs in all preparations. Nasal polyps were divided into two groups according to the severity of eosinophil infiltration: a severe group (eosinophil count > or = 50/mm2) and a mild group (eosinophil count < 50/mm2). The amounts of PAF in the nasal polyps were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild group (p < 0.01). PAF activity correlated with tissue eosinophilia and polyps obtained from patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma contained relatively large amounts of PAF, with enriched infiltration of eosinophils.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉与正常鼻黏膜差异蛋白质的检测及其意义

目的采用蛋白质组学技术筛选慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、鼻息肉和正常鼻黏膜组织之间差异表达的蛋白质,初步鉴定出慢性鼻-鼻窦炎和鼻息肉的候选蛋白质标记物。方法应用固相pH4~7胶条行双向凝胶电泳,胶体考马斯亮蓝染色后,扫描2-DE胶,应用PDquest图像分析软件比较慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、鼻息肉和正常鼻黏膜组织2-DE图谱,得到三组之间差异表达的蛋白质点。经MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定后获得这些差异表达蛋白质的肽质量指纹图谱,用Mascot软件查询NCBInr和SWISS-PROT数据库,得出被测蛋白质的鉴定结果。结果所获双向凝胶电泳图谱分辨率高、重复性好。测得鼻息肉、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎及正常鼻黏膜组织的蛋白质平均斑点数分别为1020±40、1112±10和1008±25;平均匹配率分别为(93±2)%、(95±1)%和(90±3)%。三组之间共计有13个明显差异表达的蛋白质点。初步筛选出角蛋白8和阿朴脂蛋白AI作为鼻息肉的候选标志物,以及PLUNC蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶、自然杀伤细胞促进因子B、垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的候选标志物。结论用蛋白质组学技术能高通量筛选慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、鼻息肉和正常鼻黏膜间存在的差异表达蛋白质,这将为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、鼻息肉分类、分型分期和预后判断标准寻找新的客观参考指标。     

黏附分子及血管内皮生长因子在鼻息肉中的表达

目的 探讨细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）以及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在鼻息肉中的表达与意义。方法25例鼻息肉标本和9例下鼻甲黏膜标本，分别行ICAM-1、VCAM-1、VEGF免疫组化染色和HE染色，光镜下观察比较各种分子表达水平。结果 鼻息肉中可见大量嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）浸润。ICAM-1、VCAM-1和VEGF均可表达于鼻息肉血管内皮、间质及炎症细胞，且在鼻息肉血管内皮、间质及浸润炎症细胞中的表达趋势呈现正相关关系。结论 ICAM-1、VCAM-1可能与EOS等炎症细胞附壁浸润活化过程关系密切，VEGF可能启动并加强这一病理变化。它们的协同作用可能参与了鼻息肉的病理过程。     

HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression and modulation in epithelial cells from nasal polyps

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Through human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, nasal epithelial cells could actively participate in the chronic inflammation and eosinophil infiltration observed in nasal polyps. The objective of the study was to evaluate HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression in polyp epithelium and in a culture model of polyp epithelial cells allowing ciliated and secretory differentiation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective non-randomized controlled in vitro study. METHODS: The in vitro HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression was studied under basal conditions or after exposure to interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta1, lipopolysaccharide, dexamethasone, or cetirizine. HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression was investigated in situ by immunohistochemical staining of polyps and in vitro by immunofluorescent staining of cell cultures. HLA-DR and ICAM-1 were localized in cultured cells by confocal microscopy. Cultured cells expressing HLA-DR and ICAM-1 were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Both HLA-DR and ICAM-1 showed significant immunostaining of nasal polyp epithelium. In nasal polyp epithelial cell cultures, less than 5% of cells were positive for HLA-DR whereas 40% were positive for ICAM-1 at day 3. In vitro, HLA-DR was mainly located in the cytoplasm and ICAM-1 predominated on the apicolateral cytoplasmic membrane. Comparison of in situ and in vitro results showed that well-differentiated and poorly differentiated cells predominantly expressed HLA-DR and ICAM-1, respectively. Interferon-gamma significantly increased HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression, whereas transforming growth factor-beta1 significantly decreased HLA-DR expression and lipopolysaccharide significantly increased ICAM-1 expression. CONCLUSION: HLA-DR and ICAM-1 epithelial expression in nasal polyps in situ and in vitro and their in vitro modulation reinforce the active role of epithelial cells in chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper airways.     

Eosinophilic nasal polyps are a rich source of eotaxin, eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3

INTRODUCTION: The CC-chemokine eotaxin plays a key role in the pathologic mechanism of tissue eosinophilia in nasal polyposis. In this study, we investigated a possible role of eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3, the recently discovered members of the eotaxin family. METHODS: Nasal polyps from 24 patients (non allergic/allergic/aspirin-intolerant patients) and turbinate tissue from 8 controls were investigated. Chemokine protein content (eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and -3) of tissue homogenates was measured by ELISA. Paraffin sections of samples were stained to determine the extent of eosinophilia. RESULTS: Protein expression of eotaxin, eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 was significantly higher in nasal polyps than in controls. There was a direct correlation between the protein concentrations of all three eotaxins. Further, protein levels of all chemokines were significantly correlated to the amount of eosinophilia. In aspirin-sensitive polyps the number of eosinophils was significantly higher than in the other patient groups and they had significantly higher eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and -3 protein levels than non-allergic and significantly higher amounts of eotaxin-3 compared with allergic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest, that all members of the eotaxin family are involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. The results are more likely indicative of a complex cooperation between all members of the eotaxin family than of a specific role in the development of eosinophilia and nasal polyposis.     

Nasal interleukin-5, immunoglobulin E, eosinophilic cationic protein, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and nasal polyposis

OBJECTIVE: To compare concentrations of interleukin-5 (IL-5), immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in nasal secretion and serum of patients with chronic nonallergic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and nonallergic nasal polyposis to obtain information about the pathogenesis of these diseases. METHODS: Nasal secretion and serum were analyzed by routine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Nineteen patients with chronic nonallergic sinusitis, 24 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and 18 patients with nonallergic nasal polyposis were included in the study. Eight healthy, nonallergic probands served as control subjects. RESULTS: Significantly elevated concentrations of IL-5 (5-fold, P < .05) and IgE (15-fold, P < .01) were detected in nasal secretion of patients with allergic rhinitis (IL-5, 51.8 +/- 13.2 pg/mL; IgE, 41.9 +/- 20.9 kU/L) or nonallergic nasal polyposis (IL-5, 57.9 +/- 36.9 pg(mL; IgE, 40.5 +/- 20.2 kU/L) compared with controls (IL-5, 10.6 +/- 7.8 pg/mL; IgE, 2.8 +/- 0.5 kU/L) or with patients with chronic nonallergic sinusitis (IL-5, 16.5 +/- 13.2 pg/mL; IgE, 5.4 +/- 3.1 kU/L). There were no significant differences between patients with allergic rhinitis and those with nonallergic nasal polyposis. Concentrations of ECP were significantly elevated (sixfold, P < .01) in patients with allergic rhinitis (297.8 ng/mL +/- 173.1) compared with controls (52.4 +/- 28.0 ng/mL) or patients with chronic nonallergic sinusitis (44.8 +/- 40.1 ng/mL), whereas twofold higher concentrations (not significant) of ECP were observed in patients with nonallergic nasal polyposis (107.1 +/- 26.6 ng/mL). Significantly elevated concentrations of sICAM-1 in nasal secretion (threefold, P < .05) were detected only in patients with chronic nonallergic sinusitis (79.4 +/- 45.6 ng/mL). The elevated sICAM-1 nasal secretion values in this group correlated significantly (P < .05) to the serum values. CONCLUSIONS: Equally elevated concentrations of IL-5 and IgE in patients with allergic rhinitis and nonallergic nasal polyposis implicated similar pathogenic processes in both diseases. Whereas the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is IgE-specific, the pathogenesis of nasal polyps is not as clear. IL-5 was suggested to play a pivotal role in tissue eosinophilia, which was confirmed by data in the present study. Elevated concentrations of ECP were suggested to result from tissue eosinophilia--a characteristic of both diseases. Elevated concentrations of sICAM-1 in patients with chronic nonallergic sinusitis pointed to its key role in the recruitment of neutrophils into the inflamed tissue, whereas an important role in eosinophil recruitment was ruled out.