A pedicled anterolateral thigh flap for abdominal reconstruction after previous degloving injury of the donor site: revascularisation of the donor site.

A pedicled anterolateral thigh flap was used to reconstruct an abdominal defect after traumatic degloving of the entire skin of the right upper leg two-and-a-half years earlier. There are few reports about revascularisation of skin flaps after previous interruption of the blood supply. As far as I know this is the first report of a revascularised (anterolateral thigh) perforator flap.     

Alternative Regional Flaps When Anterolateral Thigh Flap Perforator is not Feasible

This paper presents the scheme to select alternative flaps limited to the region of the ipsilateral thigh when the perforator of the anterolateral thigh flap is not feasible. Total of 564 consecutive microsurgery cases using anterolateral thigh perforator flap was reviewed from March of 2001 to January of 2009. Total of 12 cases used a contingent flap due to anatomical and technical complications of the anterolateral thigh perforator. The alternatives were skin perforator flaps adjacent to the initial flap (3 cases of upper anterolateral thigh flap, 4 cases of anteromedial thigh flap), vastus lateralis muscle flap with skin graft (2 cases), and anterolateral thigh flap as septocutaneous flap without a prominent perforator on the septum (3 cases). All flaps survived and provided coverage as planned but one case using septocutaneous flap without a prominent perforator was noted with partial necrosis. Adjacent flaps around the anterolateral thigh perforator flap may provide useful alternative flaps in cases of failed elevation. Limiting the contingent secondary flap to this region may reduce further donor site morbidity and still provide an adequate flap for reconstruction.     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足前端缺损

目的:探讨应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足远端缺损的效果。方法:切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣,皮瓣切取面积为8cm×16cm~15cm×18cm。供区直接缝合或断层皮片移植修复,与足背动静脉吻合,修复足前端缺损15例。结果:15例患者皮瓣均完全成活,其中4例出现静脉危象,经探查修复后缓解,患者恢复行走功能,避免了截肢。结论:股前外侧穿支皮瓣股前外侧皮瓣供区隐蔽,简便实用,是修复足远端缺损的理想选择。     

股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对62例伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积6 cm×4 cm~25 cm×15 cm。术前、术中彻底清创受区,切取股前外侧皮瓣修复创面,处理血管危象。结果 62例均获得随访,时间6~12个月。出现血管危象6例,经及时处理后皮瓣恢复血液循环5例,皮瓣坏死1例,成功率为98.39%。结论股前外侧皮瓣供区隐蔽,简便实用,可用于伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损修复。     

不同类型皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果

目的探讨不同类型皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对30例足踝部软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣修复,其中足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟部软组织缺损7例,股前外侧皮瓣修复足背、足内侧软组织缺损12例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损11例。结果患者均获得随访,时间1~5年。29例皮瓣完全成活,仅1例股前外侧皮瓣发生坏死,二次手术给予植皮。13例患者因皮瓣臃肿,二期行皮瓣修整术;2例患者因术后长期从事体力劳动足跟部发生溃疡;其余患者皮瓣质地柔软,踝关节功能恢复满意。供区均未出现并发症。足底内侧皮瓣修复患者皮瓣感觉功能完全恢复,股前外侧皮瓣修复患者感觉均部分恢复,5例吻合神经腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣患者于术后3~5个月感觉功能完全恢复,剩余患者感觉功能部分恢复。结论足底内侧皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣各有优缺点,应根据足踝部软组织缺损面积、部位的不同选择合适的皮瓣,以提高皮瓣成活率,重建肢体功能。     

应用股前外侧游离皮瓣移植治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨应用股前外侧游离皮瓣移植治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2016年1月至2018年12月北京积水潭医院烧伤科应用股前外侧游离皮瓣移植治疗的13例胫骨慢性骨髓炎患者的临床资料。其中男10例,女3例;年龄18~43岁,平均34.3岁。13例患者经彻底清创后胫骨病灶处均形成骨外露创面,伴有皮肤缺损。应用股前外侧游离皮瓣填充清创后形成的空腔,对病灶进行修复治疗。结果 13例患者皮瓣完全成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。随访12个月,未见骨髓炎复发。结论应用股前外侧游离皮瓣移植治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的临床效果较好。     

Functional outcomes and donor site morbidity following circumferential pharyngoesophageal reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh flap and salivary bypass tube

BACKGROUND: This study reports our experience with fasciocutaneous reconstruction of circumferential pharyngoesophageal defects using an anterolateral thigh flap wrapped around a salivary bypass tube. METHODS: The charts of 14 patients were reviewed. All patients who had reconstruction of a pharyngoesophageal defect using an anterolateral thigh flap with a salivary bypass tube between 2001 and 2005 were included. RESULTS: There were 10 men and 4 women (mean age, 61 years). There were no fistulae reported, and the stricture rate was 14%. Eleven patients achieved oral diet sufficient to have the gastrostomy or jejunal tube removed. The patients who had tracheoesophageal puncture for voice developed functional speech. There were no flap losses. However, problems with salivary tube migration in the early cases have led to technique refinement. CONCLUSIONS: The low complication rates and the excellent functional outcomes make the anterolateral thigh flap in combination with a salivary bypass tube a viable option for reconstruction of these difficult defects.     

Alternative method to improve the repair of the donor site of the anterolateral thigh flap

The groin flap was designed to improve the conventional repair of the donor site of the anterolateral thigh flap. The modification method was applied successfully to cover the defects of donor sites of anterolateral thigh flaps in five patients. An ideal color match and a stable and completed composition for the donor sites were obtained. Little morbidity of the donor sites occurred. Cosmetic and functional rehabilitations of the donor sites were achieved. These results suggest the potential and novel method to improve the repair of the donor sites of anterolateral thigh flap.     

股前外侧KISS皮瓣修复多个手指背侧软组织缺损

目的探讨股前外侧KISS皮瓣移植修复多个手指背侧软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法2014年1月至2019年6月,共收治7例多个手指背软组织缺损,其中累及3指者1例,4指者6例。一期手术通过设计手部创面,将多指并指后采用股前外侧KISS皮瓣移植修复,供区直接缝合关闭;二期手术分指同时皮瓣修薄整形。术后定期门诊、电话随访,观察皮瓣的外观、质地、功能及供区情况。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣及供区伤口一期愈合,无血管危象发生。7例均获随访3~24(平均12.5)个月,皮瓣色泽好,质地柔软,弹性较好,经二期手术分指后皮瓣修薄整形,外形美观。供区肢体仅留一线形瘢痕,对关节功能无影响。结论通过合理的创面设计,选用供区损伤小、供瓣区能直接缝合的股前外侧KISS皮瓣移植修复多个手指背侧软组织缺损,是一种简单、有效的治疗方法。     

逆行股前外侧岛状皮瓣修复膝关节周围软组织缺损

【摘要】目的 探讨采用股前外侧逆行岛状穿支皮瓣修复膝关节周围严重创伤性软组织缺损的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008年至2012年,我院采用股前外侧逆行岛状穿支皮瓣修复膝关节周围严重创伤性皮肤软组织缺8例,术后观察皮瓣存活情况和恢复情况。结果 除了1例病例边缘小部分坏死,通过换药愈合外,其余皮瓣全部存活,皮瓣质地弹性好,外形满意。术后无明显感染及并发症。结论 采用股前外侧逆行岛状穿支皮瓣修复膝关节周围严重创伤性软组织缺损,具有血供可靠,血管蒂较长等优点,术后疗效满意。     

游离串联皮瓣修复颅骨外露头皮缺损的应用

摘要 目的 探讨合并颅骨外露的大面积头皮缺损的修复方法。方法 应用游离前臂皮瓣及游离股前外侧皮瓣,串联后修复外伤致合并骨外露的头皮缺损7例。将前臂皮瓣血管蒂近端与甲状腺上动脉和颈内静脉吻合,远端与股前外侧皮瓣血管蒂吻合。无骨外露的缺损用游离植皮修复。结果 7例皮瓣存活良好,修复的头皮外观良好,质地柔软。结论 将游离前臂皮瓣和股前外侧皮瓣串联移植,修复大面积头皮缺损临床效果满意。     

股前外侧皮瓣供区并发症的防治

目的 探讨临床应用股前外侧皮瓣的供区并发症及其治疗措施.方法 回顾性总结1988年7月至2007年7月,有效随访的427例施行股前外侧皮瓣手术供区的处理方法.其中:①直接缝合:单纯皮瓣49例,筋膜瓣27例;②游离植皮:单纯皮瓣258例;肌皮瓣65例;③逆行腹壁浅动脉皮瓣:28例.皮瓣或筋膜瓣切取面积30 cm×10 cm～18 cm×7 cm.随访时间8～54个月,平均21个月.采用SPSS 11.0.1对供区并发症进行统计学分析.结果 近期并发症(4周内)包括:植皮区皮肤坏死23例(5.4%),伤口感染17例(4.0%),肌肉坏死2例(0.5%);远期的并发症(6个月以上)包括:伤口迁延不愈21例(4.9%),严重瘢痕28例(6.6%),严重局部不适感25例(5.9%),股四头肌功能障碍16例(3.7%).统计分析表明供区手术方式与供区并发症的出现具有相关性,部分并发症之间存在相互影响.结论 应重视股前外侧皮瓣供区并发症的防治,合理选择和改良供区手术方案.术中注意软组织保护等均可有效预防和降低术后并发症的发生.供区采用股前外侧筋膜瓣移植或局部皮瓣转移修复供区是理想的选择.     

Compartment syndrome after closure of the anterolateral thigh flap donor site: a report of two cases

Two male sarcoma patients developed a compartment syndrome in the thigh after the harvest and direct closure of the anterolateral thigh flap donor site. In each case, the absence of signs or symptoms led to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Although use of the anterolateral thigh flap is increasingly popular for soft tissue reconstruction, this complication has not yet been reported. The cases and likely etiological factors are discussed as are recommendations for avoiding this devastating complication.     

Flow-through anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction as a salvage procedure

The anterolateral thigh flap is a very suitable flap to serve as a flow-through flap. It has a large, long pedicle and a large size skin island that can provide adequate soft tissue coverage. One-stage coverage and revascularisation can be achieved using the concept of flow-through circulation. The case presented describes a patient who suffered a major crush injury to the lower leg due to an accident with a fork-lift truck that led to an avascular lower leg. The anterolateral thigh flap was used as flow-through flap and amputation was avoided.     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法对18例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积9 cm×6 cm～26 cm×15 cm.受区彻底清创,切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复创面.结果 18例均获得随访,时间6～12个月.皮瓣全部成活（其中2例皮瓣术后发生血管危象,经手术探查处理后成活）,皮瓣色泽、弹性、厚度均为优良,供区及受区外观均满意.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣供区隐蔽,用于足踝部皮肤软组织缺损修复,临床效果良好.     

股前外侧皮瓣与筋膜组织瓣的临床应用

目的探讨股前外侧皮瓣与筋膜组织瓣的临床应用方式。方法1997年1月~2004年7月,应用股前外侧皮瓣与筋膜组织瓣修复体表皮肤软组织缺损27例,男10例,女17例。其中缺损位于面部9例,颈部4例,下肢6例,会阴部4例,臀部1例,腹股沟区1例,乳房软组织缺损2例。所有患者均为择期手术,软组织缺损范围9cm×8cm~20cm×15cm,切取皮瓣范围10cm×8cm~33cm×15cm。结果术后26例皮瓣全部成活,创面期愈合,1例皮瓣坏死,创面经换药、再次手术植皮后愈合。17例移位皮瓣外观良好,质地柔软,有感觉;9例略显臃肿,经二次手术修薄外观较好。23例获随访3个月~2年,受区皮瓣颜色、质地、感觉与周围组织接近,供区局部凹陷畸形不明显;其中6例肿瘤患者获随访6~15个月,肿瘤局部无复发。结论股前外侧皮瓣与筋膜组织瓣能提供充足的皮肤软组织量,且可采用多种应用方式,是修复大面积体表皮肤软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

带股外侧皮神经的股前外侧皮瓣修复足背皮肤缺损

目的探讨用带股外侧皮神经的股前外侧皮瓣修复足背皮肤缺损的效果。方法应用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣，同时用股外侧皮神经与腓浅神经吻合修复足背皮肤缺损38例。结果皮瓣全部存活。术后足背感觉2～4个月完全恢复，供区3～6个月逐渐恢复触、痛、温觉。38例随访4～18个月，平均9个月，皮瓣色泽、质地、外形功能均正常。结论带神经的股前外侧皮瓣，神经位置恒定，切取方便，术后皮瓣有感觉，耐磨，是修复足背大面积皮肤缺损的好方法。     

四肢组织瓣移植供区继发损伤的处理方法探讨

目的探讨四肢组织瓣移植后供区创面处理的方法,为减少供区并发症提供新思路。方法在进行组织瓣移植的36例中,采用不同的处理方法来减轻或修复供区继发损伤。其中3例(足母)趾甲皮瓣和2例足背皮瓣创面采用次要部位的游离皮瓣修复;5例股前外侧皮瓣供区创面采用同侧腹股沟皮瓣逆转修复;3例(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣供区采用第一跖背动脉皮瓣逆转修复;3例足背皮瓣复合第二趾移植供区采用外踝上皮瓣逆转修复;7例肌瓣和筋膜瓣移至受区后表面植皮,供区直接缝合;13例皮神经营养血管皮瓣分离血管蒂时,保留皮神经在原位。结果所有治疗原发和继发损伤的移植皮瓣均成活,应用带蒂或游离肌瓣、筋膜瓣加表面植皮者,3例植皮完全成活,4例植皮大部成活,皮神经营养血管皮瓣供区及其以远感觉接近正常。结论四肢组织瓣移植后供区继发损伤的处理值得重视,在治疗原发损伤的同时,采用各种方法修复或减少供区损伤,是降低供区并发症的重要措施。     

带蒂股前外侧皮瓣修复手部大面积皮肤缺损

目的探讨带蒂股前外侧皮瓣在手部皮肤大面积缺损修复中的适应证。方法2002年4月~2005年8月应用带蒂股前外侧皮瓣移位修复手部皮肤缺损,或用于修复腹部皮瓣或髂腹股沟皮瓣移位至手部后遗留的供区创面5例,均为男性,年龄16~44岁,损伤部位:左手1例,右手4例,其中机器绞伤2例、烧伤3例、外伤为伤后6 h急诊手术;烧伤为伤后4~7 d行切痂、皮瓣移位修复术。手部皮肤缺损范围为12~19 cm×18~22 cm,切取带蒂股前外侧皮瓣为7~12 cm×16~24 cm;切取腹部皮瓣或髂腹沟皮瓣:13~20 cm×19~23 cm。修复手部的皮瓣术后3周断蒂。结果术后所有皮瓣均全部成活,未发生血管危象,创面Ⅰ期愈合。均获随访6~12个月,皮瓣质地柔软,血运好,其中3例分别在术后4~7个月行分指去脂术。手部皮瓣均恢复保护性感觉,能满足日常生活需要。结论带蒂股前外侧皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损及腹部皮瓣或髂腹股沟皮瓣修复手部创面遗留的供区创面具有供皮量大,不吻合血管,手术风险小,皮瓣成活率高等优点,为修复手部创面提供一种较好的皮瓣选择。     

Salvage of finger length in septicemic necrosis using 3 free flaps from a single anterolateral thigh donor site

Severe septicemic necrosis can result in extremely debilitating morbidity for patients, often resulting in 4-limb amputation. Further operative procedures to improve both function and cosmesis can be fraught with complexity and complications. The ideal aim in such patients would be to maintain sufficient length and provide soft tissue cover in a single 1-step procedure. We present a novel case in which twin free flaps were used acutely to provide 3 separate skin paddles to cover 2 hand stumps from a single anterolateral thigh donor site, thus maintaining the optimum digit length for subsequent function. We believe that this is the first reported case of using 3 separate flaps from 1 single anterolateral thigh donor site to resurface and salvage digit length in both hands following septicemic necrosis. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the anterolateral thigh flap and an understanding of the perforator flap concept can allow others to further develop the many and versatile uses of this flap.