牙槽嵴裂植骨同期髂嵴软骨移植修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形

目的研究牙槽嵴裂植骨手术同时,利用自体髂嵴软骨修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的矫治方法。方法 11～14岁的单侧完全性唇裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者,髂骨松质行牙槽嵴裂处植骨,并将髂嵴软骨移植于鼻背和鼻小柱处,修复唇裂术后鼻畸形。结果 32例患者均Ⅰ期痊愈,患侧口鼻瘘、牙槽嵴裂、鼻翼基部凹陷、鼻小柱偏斜、鼻尖低平等畸形等均得到良好的矫正。结论自体髂嵴软骨移植修复对鼻翼塌陷有良好的支持作用,可以与牙槽嵴裂手术同期施行,可有效矫正唇裂术后鼻畸形。     

Medpor联合鼻中隔软骨移植修复单侧唇裂鼻畸形

目的利用Medpor联合鼻中隔软骨移植修复单侧唇裂鼻畸形。方法利用Medpor假体垫于患侧梨状孔边缘,以抬高鼻基底;切取鼻中隔软骨,用以抬高鼻尖和修复塌陷的鼻翼。结果15例患者鼻畸形得到明显改善,外形基本接近正常。结论Medpor联合鼻中隔软骨移植能较大程度地改善单侧唇裂继发的鼻畸形,值得临床推广应用。     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻孔过小的整复术

目的探讨矫正唇裂术后继发鼻孔过小畸形的更有效方法。方法将患侧上唇较之对侧不对称的“多余”组织形成局部皮瓣,用于扩大鼻孔,同时调整鼻翼位置。结果8例患者用此种方法修复术后,在两侧鼻翼、鼻孔、鼻槛等方面基本对称,取得满意效果。结论患侧上唇皮瓣加鼻翼复位是一种有效矫正唇裂术后鼻孔过小畸形的方法。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者术前鼻牙槽骨整形的回顾性研究

目的：对接受术前鼻牙槽骨整形的单侧完全性唇腭裂患者进行回顾性研究,指导唇腭裂的术前非手术治疗。方法本研究回顾性分析了58例接受术前鼻牙槽骨整形的单侧唇腭裂患者,对正畸后未发生齿槽偏移和正畸后发生齿槽偏移的患者进行相关变量测量,并对测量结果进行统计学分析。结果本研究纳入的58例唇腭裂患者,有4例患者发生正畸后齿槽舌侧偏移,其余的54例患者正畸后未发生齿槽偏移。两组患者的前方齿槽裂隙宽度在矢状方向和垂直方向（PP’-Y、PP’-Z）存在显著差异,健侧齿槽前方与齿槽后方水平方向之间的夹角（∠PTT’）也存在统计学差异。结论单侧完全性唇腭裂患者在正畸前可能潜在齿槽偏移畸形,与前方齿槽在矢状和垂直方向裂隙畸形宽度,及健侧齿槽前方成角角度相关。无齿槽偏移患者可以直接使用矫治器缩窄裂隙宽度,而对于正畸后可能发生齿槽舌侧偏移的患者,需先矫正偏移畸形再缩小裂隙宽度。     

单侧唇裂继发畸形的整复

目的探讨单侧唇裂术后继发畸形的整复方法。方法充分游离口轮匝肌;行鼻小柱皮瓣切口,充分游离两侧鼻翼软骨,将患侧鼻翼软骨内脚切断上提与健侧等高后悬吊固定;菱形去除患侧鼻底部分皮肤表皮,沿创缘向下垂直切开达骨膜面,形成菱形组织瓣,衬垫于鼻底深部组织充分松解后腔隙,结合鼻翼脚处V-Y或Y-V成形矫正鼻底过宽和鼻翼脚外展。结果术后外形改善明显,效果稳定。结论口轮匝肌的完全复位与功能重建在畸形修复中有着重要作用。传统方法整复加自体或人工材料充填能有效改善畸形,效果满意。     

Effect of the Periosteal Flap Technique on Cleft Width and the Formation of Alveolar Ridge in Relation to the Bite Level in Surgery for Cleft Lip and Palate

The effect of the periosteal flap technique on the width of the alveolar cleft and on the formation of the alveolar ridge in relation to the bite level was examined in 36 cases of complete unilateral cleft. Attention was paid to the time interval between periosteoplasty and palatal repair, and some of the cases were re-examined approx. a year after palatal repair. Patients with a well formed bridge between the alveolar segments displayed at least the same degree of narrowing of the cleft as those in which no formation of bone bridge was established roentgenologically. The occurrence of upward rotation at the end of the alveolar segments facing the cleft was similar in both groups. The original width of the cleft did not influence the upward rotation of the alveolar ridge, but it did influence the narrowing of the cleft.     

正颌联合术后正畸矫治唇腭裂术后的牙颌面畸形

目的探讨应用正颌手术联合术后正畸矫治唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形的方法。方法2002年1月至2010年8月,共收治25例唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形患者。男11例,女14例;年龄16～33岁;单侧唇腭裂19例,双侧6例。所有患者术前均未接受过正畸治疗。本组患者均联合应用正颌手术和术后正畸建牙合矫治唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形。结果25例患者经过3~12个月的术后正畸治疗,均建立了良好的咬牙合关系,恢复正常咬合功能。随访6个月至3年,术后疗效稳定。结论唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形采用正颌手术联合术后正畸能够有效矫治牙颌面畸形。     

改良Millard法结合鼻唇肌肉功能重建修复单侧唇裂21例

目的:利用三维激光扫描仪分析改良Millard法结合鼻唇肌肉功能重建治疗单侧唇裂的效果。方法:选择2018年1月至12月就诊于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院整形外科接受治疗的21例单侧唇裂患者为研究对象,采用改良Millard法结合三维立体定向重建法进行修复,并利用三维扫描仪结合逆向工程软件获取5对鼻唇部指标数据进行对称性的分析。结果:21例患者术后切口均一期愈合。通过对三维面部图像的采集及鼻唇部数据的测量分析,获得鼻基底宽非对称率为0.03±0.02,鼻小柱高度非对称率为0.04±0.01,人中嵴长非对称率为0.02±0.01,唇高非对称率为0.09±0.02,唇长非对称率为0.09±0.01。鼻小柱偏斜畸形得到矫正,人中及唇部形态良好,鼻唇部健患侧对称性高。结论:运用改良Millard结合三维立体定向重建法修复单侧唇裂,术后鼻唇部外观良好,长期效果稳定,值得临床应用推广。     

应用唇缘黏膜瓣修复单侧完全性唇裂的鼻底畸形

目的探讨在单侧完全性唇裂修复术中,既能减小鼻底张力,又简单易行,且能确保鼻底修复的方法。方法在唇缘设计两片黏膜瓣,以减小鼻底张力,同时闭合鼻底、口鼻前庭瘘。结果应用本方法治疗37例患儿,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,瘢痕增生不明显,鼻底闭合良好,鼻底、鼻槛丰满。结论应用唇缘黏膜瓣修复鼻底,能有效治疗单侧完全性唇裂患者的鼻底畸形。     

改良Millard法修复单侧Ⅲ度唇裂的临床研究

目的评价改良Millard法修复单侧Ⅲ度唇裂的效果. 方法采用改良的MillardⅡ术式(即MillardⅡ加沟状线上方的微小三角瓣法),对135例单侧Ⅲ度唇裂患者行修复整形. 结果全部患者均获随访,时间6月～2年.双侧唇高一致,唇弓饱满,红唇圆滑,外形好. 结论改良Millard术式可修复严重的Ⅲ度单侧唇裂患者.     

A Multicentre Comparison of Treatment Regimens for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using a Multiple Regression Model

Abstract

The European Cleft Lip and Palate Research Group consists of specialists in orthodontics from six centres for the treatment of cleft palate in northern Europe. The purpose of this part of the multicentre study was to investigate whether differences in outcomes could be explained by specific treatment regimens. Three regimens that were assumed to influence the outcome of treatment were selected: Presurgical orthopaedics, closure of the palate, and primary bone grafting. The sample comprised 151 children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate from the six centres. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that within that sample it was not possible to reach definite conclusions as to which factors exerted the most favourable influence on facial growth, but primary bone grafting was associated with reduced maxillary inclination and presurgical orthopedics with increased mandibular inclination.     

口轮匝肌瓦合法在修复单侧唇裂继发畸形中的应用

目的 探讨单侧唇裂术后继发畸形的患侧人中嵴的重建方法.方法 本组对36例单侧唇裂术后患侧人中嵴不显或凹陷的患者施行二期唇裂整复术时,在口轮匝肌功能复位的基础上,行瓦合法缝合修复患侧人中嵴处口轮匝肌,造成患侧人中嵴处口轮匝肌增厚,形成隆起的人中嵴外观.结果 本组36例患者经过人中嵴重建修复后,随访3～6个月,重建人中嵴形态逼真,术后形态满意.结论 单侧唇裂术后继发畸形整复时,在口轮匝肌功能复位的前提下,行人中嵴处口轮匝肌瓦合法缝合,使人中凹显现,重建人中嵴,可使上唇外形更为逼真、生动,值得临床推广应用.     

改良Millard术式对双侧完全性唇裂患儿鼻唇畸形的修复效果研究

目的:探究改良Millard术式对双侧完全性唇裂患儿鼻唇畸形的修复效果。方法:将42例双侧完全性唇裂患儿作为观察组,使用改良Millard术式进行治疗;同时收集同年龄段体检正常的42例儿童作为对照组。术后24个月,比较两组研究对象的唇高、唇长、鼻底宽度、鼻小柱高度及家属心理状态。结果:术后,观察组两侧唇高均降低、唇长增加、鼻底宽度缩短、鼻小柱高度增加,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组研究对象的唇长、鼻底宽度比较,均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但两组间唇高、鼻小柱高度比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。术后与术前比较,患儿家属的精神病性、躯体化、偏执、强迫症、恐怖、人际关系、敌对症、焦虑评分均降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良Millard术式对双侧完全性唇裂患儿鼻唇畸形可有效复位、重建鼻唇部解剖亚单位,同时降低家属心理负担,值得临床推广应用。     

A Longitudinal Study of The Nasal Symmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip And Palate Patients Treated With Nasoalveolar Molding

Background  Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) has been extensively used as a presurgical technique in the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) over the last two decades. It has proven to be a useful tool to reduce the cleft size, improve nasal symmetry, and increase the columellar length. The long-term stability of these findings has not been conclusively proven. Methods  In this longitudinal study, the nasal symmetry of 24 NAM treated UCLP patients was evaluated to assess the 5-year stability of NAM. The basal photographs were shot postcheiloplasty (T1), at 1-year follow-up (T2), at 3-year follow-up (T3), and 5-year follow-up (T4) appointments. Results  In this study, we found that NAM was a useful adjuvant in achieving nasal symmetry in patients with UCLP in the immediate postoperative period. However, as the patients aged, there was a gradual loss of mean nasal height (by 22.83%) and columella length (by 24.89%), a mean gain in nasal width (by 40.25%) and alar base width (by 40.69%), and an increase in the columella deviation (by 3.46%) from the T1 to the T4 follow-up. Conclusion  Although there is no conclusive evidence, the loss of symmetry may be due to the unequal growth on the cleft and noncleft sides. These patients will be followed-up till end of growth for a definite conclusion on the long-term effect of NAM.     

New Technique for Correction of the Microform Cleft Lip Using Trans/Intraoral Approach

The traditional method of treating microform cleft lip with nose deformity uses upper lip external incision, finally leading to a small scar on the upper lip. Hereafter, we present a new method for the correction of microform cleft lip using trans/intraoral approach. The new surgical technique is characterized as (1) using trans/intraoral approach and no incisions on the skin of the upper lip, (2) reconstruction of the “cross” muscular structure using the abnormal muscular insertions at the base of nasal columella and the nasal alar to restore nose deformity, and (3) repair of the lip deformity using two small Z-plasties to get the aesthetic and functional outcome. Thirty patients with microform cleft lip were repaired with our technique, and good functional and aesthetic results of repaired noses and upper lips were obtained in most cases.     

改良Langenbeck、Limberg手术及提肌吊带成形术联合治疗单侧完全性腭裂

目的探讨利用改良Langenbeck手术联合Limberg手术及提肌吊带成形术来治疗单侧完全性腭裂的临床治疗效果。方法本组共58例,均为单侧完全性腭裂,应用3种手术联合修复,包括改良Langenbeck手术、Limberg手术、提肌吊带成形术。术后随访3个月到4年,观察腭部创口愈合及腭咽闭合情况。结果随访50例患者中无1例发生腭瘘,术后腭咽闭合情况佳。结论3种手术联合修复治疗单侧完全性腭裂简单易行、远期效果佳,是一种临床上值得推广的方法。     

双侧“V”形唇红瓣联合口轮匝肌成形术修复双侧唇裂术后凹陷畸形

目的探讨双侧唇裂修复术后继发红唇凹陷畸形的有效矫治方法。方法本组患者26例,均为双侧唇裂一期手术后。术中,首先切除原有瘢痕,解剖分离出两侧口轮匝肌,重建连续的口轮匝肌肌环;然后在双侧红唇瓣上分别设计＂Y＂型切口,三角瓣尖端朝向中线;最后将双侧＂V＂型三角黏膜瓣向中线推进交叉缝合,重建唇珠。结果 26例患者红唇口哨畸形均得以矫正,上唇人中得以延长。所有患者术后随访3个月至2.5年,效果良好。结论在口轮匝肌重建基础上,应用＂V＂型皮瓣推进交叉成形术,是种操作简单、效果良好的修复双侧唇裂术后继发红唇凹陷畸形的方法 。     

四维超声成像技术在胎儿唇腭裂畸形中的诊断价值分析

目的 分析四维超声成像技术在诊断胎儿唇腭裂畸形中的应用价值。方法 选择2019年1月-2022年 1月于我院进行常规超声检查的12 334例孕妇作为研究对象,发现胎儿疑似唇腭裂畸形者,运用四维超声 成像技术帮助诊断,重点观察胎儿上唇皮肤及上腭骨的连续性,以引产后或分娩后胎儿的颜面部实际情况 作为评价标准,分析四维超声成像技术在胎儿唇腭裂畸形诊断中的准确性。结果 共发现5例唇腭裂畸形胎 儿,与引产后或分娩后胎儿颜面部实际情况一致,四维超声成像技术诊断准确性为100.00%。结论 四维超 声成像技术在胎儿唇腭裂畸形中的诊断准确性较高,对于诊断胎儿唇腭裂畸形具有较好的临床应用价值。