Breast Implants as a Preventive Factor

After a large number of patients with silicone breast implants worldwide had been evaluated [2, 9], it was concluded that such implants were not carcinogenic. This allowed for experimentation with rats to determine the benefits and potential risks associated with implants. By means of a high-precision monitor, temperature measurements were obtained from 100 silicone-implanted rats. These measurements then were divided into various groups to compare the reaction of their implanted and nonimplanted mammary glands at different hormone levels. The temperature measurements were analyzed and compared. Dysthermia was detected in the skin area immediately overlying the implant. The results also demonstrated that at high hormone levels, implants act as neutralizing agents. By contrast, glandular alterations with severe signs of anisocytosis and anisokoryosis were observed in nonimplanted glands.     

Acetic Acid as Part of a Debridement Protocol During Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background

Thorough debridement is mandatory in revision for infected total knee arthroplasties (TKA). We investigated a novel adjuvant chemical debridement strategy using acetic acid (AA) that seeks to create a hostile environment for microorganisms. We report the first orthopedic in vivo series using an AA soak in infected TKAs. We also investigated the in vitro efficacy of AA against bacteria isolated from these knees.

The Pony as an Animal Model for Vascular Implants

This study evaluated the pony as a potentially suitable model for vascular implant research. Healthy, conditioned ponies were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group I, carotid artery autografts (n = 6); group II, e-PTFE carotid interpositional grafts (n = 5); and group III, e-PTFE carotid interpositional grafts plus aspirin (10 mg/kg) and dipyridamole (3.5 mg/kg) drug administration. It was found that autografts remained patent longest (mean = 396.2 days; grafts were still patent at time of writing) followed by group III grafts (157.5 days), with group II grafts remaining patent for the shortest duration (61.1 days), (p < 0.01). Patency was determined using two-dimensional real-time ultrasonography with Doppler velocimetry and/or arteriography. It was demonstrated that the pony's response to antithrombotic drugs was consistent and comparable to that in other animal models, both with respect to platelet function and affect on patency rate. The combination of the ease of surgical manipulation, drug administration, and platelet function testing, the comparable size of the pony and its heart and blood vessels to that of an adult human, the long life span of ponies, and the patency results of this study have demonstrated that the pony is a valuable animal model for vascular research.     

Osseointegrated Titanium Implants: Requirements for Ensuring a Long-Lasting, Direct Bone-to-Implant Anchorage in Man

A total of 2895 threaded, cylindrical titanium implants have been inserted into the mandible or the maxilla and 124 similar implants have been installed in the tibial, temporal or iliac bones in man for various bone restorative procedures. The titanium screws were implanted without the use of cement, using a meticulous technique aiming at osseointegration-a direct contact between living bone and implant. Thirty-eight stable and integrated screws were removed for various reasons from 18 patients. The interface zone between bone and implant was investigated using X-rays, SEM, TEM and histology. The SEM study showed a very close spatial relationship between titanium and bone. The pattern of the anchorage of collagen filaments to titanium appeared to be similar to that of Sharpey's fibres to bone. No wear products were seen in the bone or soft tissues in spite of implant loading times up to 90 months. The soft tissues were also closely adhered to the titanium implant, thereby forming a biological seal, preventing microorganism infiltration along the implant. The implants in many cases had been allowed to permanently penetrate the gingiva and skin. This caused no adverse tissue effects. An intact bone-implant interface was analyzed by TEM, revealing a direct bone-to-implant interface contact also at the electron microscopic level, thereby suggesting the possibility of a direct chemical bonding between bone and titanium. It is concluded that the technique of osseointegration is a reliable type of cement-free bone anchorage for permanent prosthetic tissue substitutes. At present, this technique is being tried in clinical joint reconstruction. In order to achieve and to maintain such a direct contact between living bone and implant, threaded, unalloyed titanium screws of defined finish and geometry were inserted using a delicate surgical technique and were allowed to heal in situ, without loading, for a period of at least 3-4 months.     

微弧氧化法制备微孔假体表面HA涂层的动物实验研究

目的 以新型β型钛合金(TLM)材料为基体的微孔涂层组(PCI)为对照,观察经微弧氧化技术处理后的微孔微弧氧化HA复合涂层试件(PCI/HA)置人动物体内后,比较两种涂层置人物的涂层骨组织界面新骨形成情况,探讨微弧氧化作为生物型人工关节假体表面改性新方法 的临床应用前景.方法 将微孔涂层、微孔微弧氧化HA复合涂层的两种...     

Natural-Looking Umbilicus as an Important Part of Abdominoplasty

The umbilicus is an important and essential aesthetic component of the abdomen. Many surgeons use different methods to relocate umbilicus during abdominoplasties. We prefer to use a simple combination of different well-known principles to form the neo-umbilicus. The main steps of the procedure are to make an elliptical vertical incision, to do vertical abdominal fascial plication, to embed the umbilical stalk in this plication by suturing the umbilical skin and the rectus fascia together to maintain the umbilical dimple, to place it at the vertical incision made in the abdominal skin at a predetermined point. Silk sutures are used for the abdominal fascial plication and neo-umbilical fixation. Liposuction from the neo-umbilicus to xiphoid along the midline of the upper abdomen creates a minimal superior sulcus. In each patient, a three-dimensional umbilicus with sufficient depression was obtained. All patients, including one case with complications, were pleased by the final aesthetic results. This study has been presented at the XVI Congress of ISAPS held in Istanbul, Turkey, May 26–29, 2002     

金属桡骨小头置换治疗粉碎性桡骨小头骨折的早期疗效观察

目的探讨骨水泥型钛金属桡骨小头置换治疗粉碎性桡骨小头骨折的早期疗效。方法对10例严重的粉碎性桡骨小头骨折进行骨水泥型钛金属桡骨小头置换,其中MasonⅢ型骨折6例,Ⅳ型骨折4例,合并肱骨骨折1例。通过物理检查、功能评分指数和影像学对疗效进行评价。评价指标包括活动度、稳定性、疼痛和抓握力量。结果所有患者均获得随访,平均随访时间23·7个月(18~31个月)。无感染、假体植入失败、异位骨化或脱位发生。功能评分显示优5例,良4例,一般1例。结论当内侧副韧带损伤后,桡骨小头成为防止肘外翻和旋转不稳定的主要结构。骨水泥型人工钛金属桡骨小头置换后,其提供的稳定性接近于生理状态下的自体桡骨头。MasonⅢ型和MasonⅣ型桡骨小头骨折是进行金属桡骨小头置换的指征。     

Use of an anatomic marking form as an alternative to the Universal Protocol for Preventing Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure and Wrong Person Surgery

BackgroundThe Universal Protocol for Preventing Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure, Wrong Person Surgery was approved by the Joint Commission Board of Commissioners in July 2003 and became effective July 1, 2004. It requires the performance of a preprocedural verification process, marking of the procedure site, and performing a “time out” immediately before the start of a procedure. Compliance with the Universal Protocol requirements remains cumbersome because of the inherent characteristics of the surgical work flow process.MethodsBy working directly with the Joint Commission, their medical staff, perioperative nursing staff, and members of the hospital quality department, the authors were able to develop an innovative anatomic marking form, which serves as a surrogate for marking patients.ResultsThe marking form has been used on 112,500 patients over 4.5 years, with a single implementation error that led to minimal patient harm.ConclusionThis article describes the development of the anatomic marking form and the practical implications the process has on patient safety.