经颅径路行前颅底肿瘤切除并双重组织瓣重建颅底一例

目的寻求更好的贯穿性颅底肿瘤切除和颅底重建手术方法。方法2004年11月收治1例贯穿于前颅底的复发性腺样囊性癌男性患者,年龄49岁。MRI提示鼻腔及上颌窦内占位复发并经左眶内侧侵入颅内。采用改良经颅径路,完整切除可见肿瘤,并采用带蒂骨膜颞肌筋膜瓣15cm×10cm及带蒂帽状腱膜额肌瓣10cm×6cm,双重组织瓣重建颅底。结果术后患者创口期愈合,未出现感染、脑脊液鼻漏等并发症,10d出院。随访8个月未见肿瘤复发,面部未残留任何瘢痕。结论改良经颅径路行前颅底肿瘤切除并双重组织瓣重建颅底的手术方法能使肿瘤获得良好的暴露,便于术中切除肿瘤的同时完成颅底重建,并获得良好效果。     

多片段LeFortI型截骨矫治严重牙颌面畸形

目的：采用多片段Le Fort I型截骨术矫治严重牙颌面畸形，并为克服术后骨段固位不良之缺点自制一种腭侧固定夹板。方法；以该手术方法联合双侧下颌升支矢状劈开术（BSSRO）矫治上颌宽度不足伴上下颌其它严重畸形的患者19例。采用单纯多片段Le Fort I型截骨6例，联合BSSRO13例。19例中上颌两片段Le Fort I型截骨12例，3片段7例。结果：术后随访6例，平均22.6m,6/6间距离平均扩宽7.3mm,3/3间平均扩宽3.9mm。无严重并发症及明显复发，咬合关系满意。结论：应用良好的腭侧固定夹板，采用多片段Le Fort I截骨联合BSSRO可一次满意矫治严重双颌畸形。     

UNILATERAL SUPERIORLY-BASED NASOLABIAL ISLAND FLAP FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PHILTRUM

We present a case of reconstruction of the philtrum with a unilateral superiorly-based nasolabial island flap following a secondary Millard's bilateral cheiloplasty in a 23-year-old man with cleft lip and palate. His philtrum consisted of a full-thickness skin graft transplanted at one of his previous operations.     

颅鼻沟通性肿瘤一期联合手术及颅底重建的早期疗效

目的探讨颅鼻沟通性肿瘤的联合手术及颅底重建方法。方法2005年6月-2007年10月,收治颅鼻沟通性肿瘤20例。其中男10例,女10例：年龄13～77岁,中位年龄49岁。病程2个月～13年。临床表现：嗅觉减退14例,头痛11例,鼻塞9例,鼻衄8例,视力障碍4例,突眼4例,伴意识障碍2例。术前CT及MRI检查均示前颅窝底占位,向下侵及鼻窦、鼻腔,形成颅腔、鼻腔沟通,部分肿瘤突入眶内。CT骨窗示病变均伴不同程度筛板及周围骨质破坏。采用额下入路联合经鼻入路一期手术切除肿瘤,并采用带蒂骨膜瓣或“下拉式三明治”法行颅底重建。结果病理检查示恶性肿瘤8例,良性肿瘤12例。术后均恢复良好,无手术死亡。2例患者术后发生一过性脑脊液鼻漏,经腰穿持续引流治愈;无脑／脑膜膨出发生。18例获随访3个月～2年6个月。1例副鼻窦来源的神经内分泌癌术后3个月肿瘤复发,衰竭死亡;1例嗅母细胞瘤于术后15个月复发,另1例嗅母细胞瘤术后2年复发,未再治疗,死于颅内高压;1例鳞状细胞癌术后2年死于肿瘤广泛转移;1例粘液瘤术后半年残瘤增大。其余13例随访期内未见复发,均恢复正常生活或工作。结论额下入路联合经鼻入路能够一期手术全切颅鼻沟通性肿瘤,早期效果好;用带蒂的颅骨骨膜瓣修补颅底或用“下拉式三明治”法行颅底重建,取材简便,安全有效,并发症发生率低。     

THE LOWER TRAPEZIUS ISLAND MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF SOFT TISSUE OF THE LATERAL SKULLBASE AND NECK

Background : The lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap (LTIMF) has been described as a method of reconstruction after excision of carcinoma of the head and neck. A high rate of failure and confusion regarding the nomenclature of its vascular supply has been reported in the literature. Methods : The data on six patients whose lateral skullbase and upper neck were reconstructed with an LTIMF were assessed prospectively. Results : There was one major flap loss, and one previously irradiated patient had a minor dehiscence. One patient had a small haematoma at the donor site. All wounds were closed primarily and preservation of the accessory nerve to the superior fibres of the trapezius muscle enabled almost normal abduction of the arm. Conclusions : The anatomy and complications of the LTIMF are reviewed and certain recommendations are made to improve its reliability.     

吻合胫前或胫后远端血管逆行供血的胸脐皮瓣修复小腿创面

目的：解决小腿创伤后，胫前或胫后主要血管之一长段受损栓塞，同时小腿中上段大面积软组织缺损、胫骨外露的创面修复问题。方法：临床收治小腿中上段大面积软组织缺损、胫骨外露９例，其中７例有胫前或胫后血管长段受损栓塞。采取以小腿远端胫前或胫后血管远端与腹壁下血管吻合的胸脐皮瓣移植修复创面。结果：９例术后移植皮瓣全部成活，皮瓣色泽、质地良好，创面完全修复。结论：只要小腿胫前或胫后主要血管之一正常，受损血管远端正常，逆行供血良好，即可采用该法处理。其优点为在小腿清创的同时解剖出受区血管，不影响患肢血供，不需牺牲健肢血管，不需强迫体位固定；在小腿下段肌肉少，血管位置浅，容易解剖，吻合血管方便；修复小腿中上段创面，移植皮瓣血管蒂平直，不需翻转成角。