Modification of Reichert's technique based on natural landmarks and individual designs for unilateral repair of cleft lip.

We present a new technique for repair of unilateral cleft lip used in 230 patients. This is a modification of Reichert's technique for unilateral cleft lip repair. It is based in three concepts: form, severity, and natural landmarks of the lip. All the incisions are placed on natural landmarks, between the aesthetic subunits of the upper lip. The incision for rotation of the philtrum is designed to imitate the column of the philtrum on the normal side with good aesthetic result. We do not use a subnasal incision on the lateral side. Since 1996, we have used this technique in 230 unilateral cleft lip repairs. We obtained a good functional and aesthetic result in the nose and upper lip. Our failure rate was 14%. We describe Reichert's modified technique, named the Reichert-Millard's technique, with good aesthetic results (fewer scars and more individual designs than traditional techniques) for repair of the lip and nose in patients with unilateral cleft lip.     

Unilateral complete cleft lip repair: orthotopic positioning of skin flaps.

The ideally repaired cleft lip should provide a symmetrical Cupid's bow, philtrum, and minimal scar. In the appearance of the upper lip, the philtrum plays a key role. The most popular method for unilateral cleft lip repair is the rotation-advancement technique introduced by Millard. This technique requires the rotation of the noncleft side flap in unilateral cleft lip. As the vertical discrepancy between the peaks of Cupid's bow is increased, the scarring becomes more evident. Also, where it crosses the philtral column in the oblique extension of the upper lip, it becomes apparent for the eye to notice. Thus, many surgeons have tried to modify this technique to improve the symmetry of the philtral columns. The philtral dimple is composed of centrally located thin dense subcutaneous tissue bordered by thick loose subcutaneous tissue producing the philtral columns laterally. The aim of this surgical modification is to form a more natural looking philtrum using its original anatomical structure. The tissue defect after rotation of the noncleft side flap is filled with the C flap, not the advancement skin flap from the cleft side. The C flap helps to form the upper philtral column into a more straight appearance. The skin flaps of the cleft side and noncleft side are placed either side of the philtral column, and the skin flap from the columella is not used for the repair of the philtrum. Twenty-five patients with unilateral complete cleft lip were repaired using this technique from 1996 to 1999. Adequate alignment of the Cupid's bow and symmetric philtral appearance were obtainable.     

Straight line repair of unilateral cleft lip: new operative method based on 25 years experience.

The resultant scar in the primary repair of unilateral cleft lip should ideally be straight and the mirror image of the philtrum on the non-cleft side. In 1993, we reported a new operative technique for unilateral cleft lip, in which we designed a straight line for the incision on the white lip. In order to produce the nostril floor, we used the white lip tissue in the area between the alar base and alveolus at the cleft side as a flap. We also used a small triangular flap above the white skin roll to prevent Cupid's peak from being drawn up. Unlike the rotation-advancement method, our technique does not leave a transverse scar at the alar base. Instead, it leaves a scar only along the line coincident with the natural philtral ridge. However, during observations of our patients, we noticed that the small triangular flap designed to be 1.5mm tended to become a conspicuous angular scar as the patients grew older. In addition, drooping of Cupid's peak on the cleft side was often observed with this small triangular flap. To make it less conspicuous, we made some modifications to the small flap above the white skin roll. With this new technique, we designed a semi-circular flap (1.5 x 3mm) above the white skin roll, instead of the small triangular flap. The suture line of our refined procedure draws a gentle curve, which looks almost straight because of skin elasticity. Moreover, the semi-circular flap causes less drooping of the upper lip than the triangular flap. We believe that revising the shape of the small flap on the white skin roll greatly improves patients' appearance. In this report, we present our refined techniques of primary repair of unilateral cleft lip.     

New Technique for Correction of the Microform Cleft Lip Using Trans/Intraoral Approach

The traditional method of treating microform cleft lip with nose deformity uses upper lip external incision, finally leading to a small scar on the upper lip. Hereafter, we present a new method for the correction of microform cleft lip using trans/intraoral approach. The new surgical technique is characterized as (1) using trans/intraoral approach and no incisions on the skin of the upper lip, (2) reconstruction of the “cross” muscular structure using the abnormal muscular insertions at the base of nasal columella and the nasal alar to restore nose deformity, and (3) repair of the lip deformity using two small Z-plasties to get the aesthetic and functional outcome. Thirty patients with microform cleft lip were repaired with our technique, and good functional and aesthetic results of repaired noses and upper lips were obtained in most cases.     

The contour lines of the upper lip and a revised method of cleft lip repair

Many techniques for cleft lip repair have been reported, but these techniques do not consider the contour lines of the upper lip and, in fact, destroy them. The upper lip has complicated contour lines including the vermilion free margin, vermilion border, upper lip horizontal groove (upper lip groove), philtrum (dimple and columns), nostril sills, and nasolabial grooves. Incision lines should be designed so that the postoperative scars do not cross these contour lines. We feel that our incision lines and postoperative scars provide better aesthetic results and diminish hypertrophic scar formation.     

长庚法修复单侧不完全性唇裂

目的探讨长庚法功能性修复单侧不完全性唇裂的疗效.方法应用长庚法修复46例单侧不完全性唇裂.在设计旋转切口时,长庚法与Millard法相似;在设计患侧唇的推进瓣时,应尽量避免鼻翼基底的水平切口,更不宜做绕鼻翼外脚的弧形切口;C唇瓣向外、上旋转与鼻翼基底的口轮匝肌缝合,以提供对鼻翼的支撑及加高鼻堤;鼻底的宽度应参照健侧并通过C瓣的旋转实现.结果 46例中,44例的创口Ⅰ期愈合,1例抓伤、1例湿疹致创口Ⅱ期愈合.患侧唇的高度、长度与健侧一致,患侧鼻底宽度适中且有较好的丰满度,鼻翼外脚形态自然,患侧人中嵴较明显,红唇部形态自然、丰满,唇珠微突,鼻小柱形态好.结论长庚法功能性修复单侧不完全性唇裂,定点简单,操作方便,创伤小,术后能获得良好的鼻唇外形和功能.     

双侧唇裂继发鼻唇畸形的综合整复治疗

目的　评价和探讨双侧唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形的综合整复矫治方法。方法　 2 0 0 0年1月～ 2 0 0 3年 6月我们为 4 0例双侧唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形患者进行了综合治疗。其中术前施行牙槽突裂髂骨松质骨植骨修复 2 8例 ,牙正畸治疗 2 2例 ;前牙义齿修复 2 0例 ,正颌外科手术或上颌骨牵引成骨手术 2 0例。完成上述治疗程序后行鼻唇二期整复手术。手术方法采用自上唇中央唇红、瘢痕缘、鼻小柱旁至双侧鼻孔内侧缘连续切口 双侧鼻翼沟及鼻孔底切口入路 ,行鼻小柱延长、鼻翼鼻孔轮廓成形、人中嵴、人中凹及唇峰唇珠重建术。结果　患者鼻唇外形均获得较前明显的改善 ,随访 3个月～ 3.5年 ,满意率达 95 %。结论　对双侧唇裂术后鼻唇继发畸形采用综合序列治疗 ,强调二期手术前牙 -颌基础框架的搭建 ,再采用本手术方法矫治鼻唇软组织畸形 ,效果自然稳定。     

应用鼻底三角瓣法修复单侧不完全性唇裂

目的　应用改进的鼻底三角瓣法修复单侧不完全性唇裂 ,以获得更加良好的上唇外形。方法　对单侧不完全性唇裂的首次手术 ,于患侧鼻底部设计三角皮瓣转移下降上唇 ,白唇部裂隙切口直线缝合。结果　 6 6例患者修复后上唇外形良好 ,双侧上唇高度对称 ,人中形状完整。结论　鼻底三角瓣法适用于单侧不完全性唇裂的修复     

口轮匝肌瓦合法在修复单侧唇裂继发畸形中的应用

目的 探讨单侧唇裂术后继发畸形的患侧人中嵴的重建方法.方法 本组对36例单侧唇裂术后患侧人中嵴不显或凹陷的患者施行二期唇裂整复术时,在口轮匝肌功能复位的基础上,行瓦合法缝合修复患侧人中嵴处口轮匝肌,造成患侧人中嵴处口轮匝肌增厚,形成隆起的人中嵴外观.结果 本组36例患者经过人中嵴重建修复后,随访3～6个月,重建人中嵴形态逼真,术后形态满意.结论 单侧唇裂术后继发畸形整复时,在口轮匝肌功能复位的前提下,行人中嵴处口轮匝肌瓦合法缝合,使人中凹显现,重建人中嵴,可使上唇外形更为逼真、生动,值得临床推广应用.     

榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形

目的探讨榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形的疗效。方法 2009年1月-2011年8月,收治43例单侧唇裂修复术后继发人中嵴畸形患者。男23例,女20例;年龄18～31岁,平均23.6岁。左侧26例,右侧17例。唇裂采用MillardⅠ式修复15例,MillardⅡ式修复28例。唇裂修复术至此次手术时间为15～30年,平均21.7年。术中切取双侧口轮匝肌肌瓣,水平分成上、下两层;双侧下层肌瓣相互重叠缝合,上层肌瓣形成榫卯型结构,缝合于皮下。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。40例患者获随访,随访时间6～34个月,平均13.4个月。双侧人中嵴隆起、对称,人中凹形态接近正常,上唇动态效果满意。术后6个月38例明显改善,2例改善不明显。结论榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣手术操作简便,修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形能较好恢复解剖结构,术后获得良好上唇外形和功能。     

Repair of bilateral cleft lip: Millard's technique

The abnormal anatomy and principles of treatment of the bilateral cleft lip deformity have been presented. The Millard technique of bilateral cleft lip repair provides for a philtrum of proper width, a lip of proper height, a full-depth labial sulcus, and complete muscle continuity. Transposition of prolabium not required in the definitive lip repair into the floor of the nose permits subsequent columellar construction.     

改良Millard法结合鼻唇肌肉功能重建修复单侧唇裂21例

目的:利用三维激光扫描仪分析改良Millard法结合鼻唇肌肉功能重建治疗单侧唇裂的效果。方法:选择2018年1月至12月就诊于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院整形外科接受治疗的21例单侧唇裂患者为研究对象,采用改良Millard法结合三维立体定向重建法进行修复,并利用三维扫描仪结合逆向工程软件获取5对鼻唇部指标数据进行对称性的分析。结果:21例患者术后切口均一期愈合。通过对三维面部图像的采集及鼻唇部数据的测量分析,获得鼻基底宽非对称率为0.03±0.02,鼻小柱高度非对称率为0.04±0.01,人中嵴长非对称率为0.02±0.01,唇高非对称率为0.09±0.02,唇长非对称率为0.09±0.01。鼻小柱偏斜畸形得到矫正,人中及唇部形态良好,鼻唇部健患侧对称性高。结论:运用改良Millard结合三维立体定向重建法修复单侧唇裂,术后鼻唇部外观良好,长期效果稳定,值得临床应用推广。     

Repair of the unilateral cleft lip/nose deformity

Successful surgical repair of the unilateral cleft lip and nose deformity, defined as normal orbicularis oris function and near-perfect symmetry of the repaired lip and nose, demands that the surgeon possess complete understanding of the embryology and anatomy of the midfacial defects. The surgical approach to repair of the unilateral cleft lip/nose should place great emphasis on achieving symmetry, not only with the lip segments but also perhaps even more importantly with the nasal tip. The reconstruction should recreate an intact fully functional orbicularis oris muscle across the cleft and camouflage the scar optimally. We have found that modification of the Millard rotation-advancement flap technique, with particular attention to the primary nasal repair, provides the best outcomes. In patients who have undergone primary repair of the lip and/or nose deformity, secondary rhinoplasty is generally required, regardless of the technique used at the primary repair. The degree of nasal deformity, however, is less severe following primary repair of the asymmetric nasal tip. We have found that the sliding flap cheliorhinoplasty, Wang's modification of the Vissarionov technique, provides excellent results for most secondary cleft rhinoplasties.     

双侧唇裂与鼻畸形同期整复的初步探讨

目的探讨双侧唇裂与鼻畸形同期整复的方法和美容效果。方法2003年3月～2004年12月，收治先天性唇裂患儿26例，男14例，女12例。年龄10个月～11岁。其中双侧完全性唇裂13例，均伴双侧完全性腭裂；双侧不完全性唇裂9例，均无腭裂；混合性唇裂4例，均伴单侧完全性腭裂。应用原长法的原则进行唇裂整复，术中解剖口轮匝肌，复位后进行框式缝合；唇珠的形态由侧唇红唇肌肉瓣完成；红唇缘原有自然形态完整保存；同期初步矫正鼻畸形。结果术后患儿创而均Ⅰ期愈合。鼻底宽度及丰满度均较满意，唇弓形态好，无口哨畸形。上唇静态及动态时外形均较好。26例均获随访10d～3个月，双侧不完全性唇裂患儿有较好的鼻尖及鼻孔形态，均不需进行二期手术；双侧完全性唇裂患儿有一定的鼻尖及鼻孔形态，仅遗留鼻小柱过短；混合性唇裂患儿两侧鼻翼基脚稍不对称。结论双侧唇裂与鼻畸形同期整复时，对传统的整复方法进行优化组合，取长补短，并进行适当完善和修改，另加一定的缝合技巧，可在术后近期静态与动态均达到较满意的效果。     

单侧唇裂继发畸形的美学修复

目的 探讨单侧唇裂继发畸形与I期手术方式选择的关系,以及进行唇裂继发畸形美学修复的策略.方法 选择单侧继发唇裂120例,根据I期采用的不同术式进行分组,对唇裂畸形进行观察和分析,采用个体化设计,进行美学修复.对采用Millard、Tennison、矩形瓣及上三角瓣法的单侧唇裂继发畸形修复后,观察上唇人中窝形念、瘢痕、唇峰形态的恢复.结果 显示原采用Millard方法、上三角瓣方法优于Tennison方法和矩形瓣方法.Ⅱ期修复术后效果满意.结论 单侧唇裂I期采用的手术方式对继发畸形的程度和修复有显著影响.     

改良单侧不完全性唇裂修复术的探讨

目的：探讨改良的单侧不完全性唇裂修复术式及人中嵴形态的修复方法。方法：根据患者两侧唇峰高度差分别选择两种不同的术式,对31例单倒不完全性唇裂患者进行恢复唇峰高度、修复口轮匝肌、重建人中嵴、矫治鼻畸形等方法进行综合修复。结果：分别采用两种术式中的一种修复的31例单侧不完全性唇裂患者上唇、人中嵴形态满意,部分接受鼻畸形矫治的患者,鼻畸形基本矫正,随访6个月～2年效果满意。结论：改良的唇裂修复术式用于单侧不完全性唇裂可取得满意的效果。     

唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法

为唇裂患者塑造一个正常唇的美好形态,改进现在常用的手术对人中嵴,人中窝和朱缘弓这三种个重要美容结构的塑造中的缺欠,使修复后的嘎满,松动。方法在鼻小柱裂面形成一个矩形瓣,将其与人中一起垂直下降,被充裂侧唇人中的长度不 和保持朱缘弓在下降的正常位。     

根据口鼻轮廓设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复手术

目的 探讨根据口鼻轮廓线设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复手术的方法及临床效果.方法 通过对鼻唇弯曲轮廓的细微研究,从解剖、力学分析入手,结合唇裂畸形的特点,逐步形成以口鼻弯曲轮廓线为手术切口的术式,参考水平线和正中垂直线及外形,对单侧唇裂患者进行Ⅱ期综合整体修复术.结果 该手术方法应用于临床效果医患双方满意.结论 根据口鼻轮廓线设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复术,能取得良好的畸形修复和外形美观效果.     

The philtrum and unilateral cleft lip

Summary A unilateral cleft lip apparently does not lack a philtral ridge on the cleft side even if the elements are variable with the degree of cleft. The objective of primary repair should be to preserve the complete philtrum.     

开放式唇裂继发鼻畸形整形术

目的：探讨单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的手术治疗。方法：应用跨鼻小柱的鼻翼软骨下缘切口开放式鼻整形进行唇裂继发鼻畸形矫正,鼻小柱侧缘切口继续向下延伸至鼻小柱基底,将鼻小柱基部皮肤向下翻开,充分松解和暴露鼻翼软骨,矫正中隔畸形,将鼻翼软骨向前上内侧复位,与健侧鼻翼软骨、鼻背侧软骨缝合固定,必要时进行切取鼻中隔软骨移植以抬高鼻尖以及加强鼻穹窿。结果：应用本方法治疗单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形47例,单纯进行鼻畸形矫正者11例,同时行唇畸形整形者36例,效果满意,其中有32例进行了6～24个月的随访,平均随访时间为11个月,鼻外形良好。结论：应用开放式鼻整形技术进行唇裂继发鼻畸形矫正,可在直视下充分松解并显露鼻翼软骨,准确复位及缝合固定,术后效果稳定,切口无明显瘢痕。