肿瘤微环境MMP酶响应性纳米给药系统研究进展

肿瘤靶向纳米制剂的研究是近些年医药领域内的研究热点之一。其中,肿瘤微环境在肿瘤增殖、侵袭和转移中发挥关键性作用,肿瘤微环境响应性纳米制剂的研究日益受到关注。研究发现,以基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase, MMP)为代表的酶类在多种肿瘤微环境中高度表达,其底物可被设计应用于药物传递及成像系统,并显示出了对肿瘤微环境内MMP的高度响应。本文将对肿瘤微环境内以MMP为代表的高表达酶为靶点的纳米给药系统的研究进展做一概述。     

纳米混悬剂给药系统的研究进展

目的:为纳米混悬剂给药系统的深入开发及应用提供参考。方法:以"纳米混悬剂""纳米结晶""Nanosuspensions""Nanocrystal"等为关键词,组合查询2005年1月-2016年5月在PubMed、Elsevier、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中的相关文献,对纳米混悬剂给药系统的研究进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献106篇,其中有效文献24篇。纳米混悬剂作为一种纯药物纳米颗粒的亚微细粒胶态分散体,在口服、静脉注射、眼部、肺部、经皮给药等多种给药途径中的研究十分广泛,其在实现靶向给药、缓释药物、特别是提高难溶性药物的溶解度与生物利用度等方面表现出良好的应用前景。目前较少涉及到药物在体内的主动靶向行为研究。因此,通过对纳米混悬剂中药物粒子进行表面修饰实现药物的靶向给药是今后研究的发展趋势。     

叶酸介导的纳米给药系统抗肿瘤作用研究进展

恶性肿瘤的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,其严重危害人类的健康.目前,临床上应用的传统抗肿瘤药物存在靶向性差,细胞毒性强,患者不易耐受的缺点.因此,提高抗肿瘤药物的靶向性、减轻药物的不良反应已成为抗肿瘤药物新型给药系统研究的热点方向.随着肿瘤分子水平研究的不断深入,发现某些受体在肿瘤细胞的表面过度表达,这种肿瘤特异性受体为治疗提供了新的靶点[1～3].本文就叶酸受体的组织分布和其分子生物学特性,纳米材料作为药物载体的优越性,以及叶酸修饰的纳米材料作为抗肿瘤药物载体的研究等方面进行深入探讨.     

纳米给药系统的研究与比较

本文针对近年来国内外研究较为活跃的几种纳米给药系统的进展情况，分别从分类、制备、长期稳定性和生物毒性等多个方面进行了论述，并对各种载体系统的优劣加以比较。     

固体纳米晶体给药系统构建方法的研究进展

纳米晶体混悬给药系统可有效解决难溶性药物递药的问题,然而液体纳米晶体给药系统的物理稳定性差。固体纳米晶体给药系统作为液态纳米晶体混悬给药系统的一种改良技术,可克服液体纳米晶体混悬系统热动力学不稳定的现象,同时方便患者携带和使用,临床顺应性好,是实现纳米晶体混悬给药系统稳定化的理想选择。本文主要综述了固体纳米晶体给药系统的纳米化与固体化构建方法的研究进展,期望为该递药系统的发展提供借鉴与思考。     

5-氟尿嘧啶纳米级给药系统研究进展

目的介绍近年来5-氟尿嘧啶纳米级给药系统的研究进展。方法查阅近几年国内外有关文献并进行整理分析。结果5-氟尿嘧啶纳米级给药系统具有控释性、靶向性等优点,并显现出良好的抗动物肝癌模型效果。结论5-氟尿嘧啶纳米级给药系统为癌症的有效治疗带来新的突破。     

叶酸纳米给药系统抗肿瘤作用研究进展

叶酸受体(folate receptor,FR)在多种肿瘤细胞表面高度表达,而在正常细胞表面不表达或低表达,能与特定的叶酸(folic acid,FA)高度特性结合,是肿瘤特异性药物递送的有效靶点。本文对叶酸受体、叶酸及其配体、叶酸纳米制剂内吞作用机制及叶酸纳米制剂抗肿瘤作用进行了综述。     

纳米载体应用于透皮给药系统的研究进展

纳米载体经皮给药系统是近几年经皮给药的研究热点。本文综述了各种纳米载体在经皮给药系统中应用的研究进展,其中囊泡、微乳和固体脂质纳米粒作为经皮给药载体已得到相对深入的研究,而新型纳米载体如胶束、树状大分子和细胞促透多肽等尽管研究较少,但基于其明显的促渗作用,将会为经皮给药系统的研究提供新方向。     

氧化还原敏感型靶向纳米给药系统的研究进展

理想的肿瘤靶向给药系统应在肿瘤部位高度累积且快速释放药物,而在血液循环中无泄漏,利用肿瘤环境改变的氧化还原状态及细胞内外的谷胱甘肽差异,结合纳米给药系统,可实现精准肿瘤靶向.本文对氧化还原敏感型靶向纳米给药系统的原理、氧化还原敏感键及其构建方法进行了介绍,并对基于脂质体、纳米粒、纳米胶束、纳米凝胶4种载体的不同氧化还原...     

紫杉醇纳米级给药系统研究概述

目的：介绍近年来国内紫杉醇纳米级给药系统的研究进展。方法：查阅近几年国内相关文献并进行整理分析。结果：紫杉醇纳米级给药系统具有控释性、靶向性等优点,并显现出较好的抗动物癌模型效果。结论：紫杉醇纳米级给药系统为癌症的有效治疗带来新的突破。     

妇科恶性肿瘤新型纳米递药系统的研究进展

妇科恶性肿瘤主要包括宫颈癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌和妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤等,严重威胁女性的生命健康。传统的妇科恶性肿瘤治疗存在肿瘤复发、侵袭、转移与耐药等问题,治疗过程中使用的常规化疗药物具有靶组织特异性分布能力弱、毒副作用强等缺陷,而快速发展的纳米医学在实现减毒、增效、抑制转移和抗耐药等方面为妇科恶性肿瘤的治疗带来了希望。本文简述几种常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,重点阐述基于新型纳米载体的递药策略以及由纳米递药系统介导的妇科肿瘤治疗策略,以期为治疗妇科恶性肿瘤纳米药物的研发与临床转化提供理论依据。     

基于透明质酸的靶向纳米给药系统的研究进展

透明质酸具有无毒、免疫原性低、可生物降解等优点,同时在体内有多种受体,如CD44受体,可通过受体-配体机制实现靶向药物递送的目的.本文综述了各种基于透明质酸的纳米给药系统(包括药物偶联物、纳米凝胶、纳米胶束和纳米粒)的形成、物理化学特点、生物学性质及其应用,展望了其发展趋势和应用前景.     

The apoptotic effect of Zoledronic acid on the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via ROS mediated chloride channel activation

Zoledronic acid (ZA), a third‐generation bisphosphonate, has been applied for treatment of bone metastases caused by malignant tumors. Recent studies have found its anti‐cancer effects on various tumor cells. One of the mechanisms of anti‐cancer effects of ZA is induction of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of ZA‐induced apoptosis in tumor cells have not been clarified clearly. In this study, we investigated the roles of chloride channels in ZA‐induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE‐2Z cells. Apoptosis and chloride current were induced by ZA and suppressed by chloride channel blockers. After the knockdown of ClC‐3 expression by ClC‐3 siRNA, ZA‐induced chloride current and apoptosis were significantly suppressed, indicating that the chloride channel participated in ZA‐induced apoptosis may be ClC‐3. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was inhibited by the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (L‐NAC), ZA‐induced apoptosis and chloride current were blocked accordingly, suggesting that ZA induces apoptosis through promoting ROS production and subsequently activating chloride channel.     

ROS scavenging effects of organic extract of diesel exhaust particles on human neutrophil granulocytes and rat alveolar macrophages

Diesel exhaust particles are major constituents of ambient air pollution, and are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. The organic part of the particles is heterogenic and complex, and seems to be responsible for many of the adverse effects.

Increased formation of ROS is often connected to the adverse effects. We have therefore investigated the effect of an organic extract of diesel exhaust particles on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) status in human neutrophil granulocytes and rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. ROS formation were studied by three different assays namely the use of DCFH-DA, lucigenin and luminol. The organic extract increased ROS assayed with DCFH-DA, but it decreased the amount of ROS in cells stimulated by PMA in all three assays. The identities of the ROS affected were further studied in cell free systems. The cell free studies confirmed that the extract had scavenging effects against superoxide, hypochlorite and to a smaller extent against peroxynitrite, but not against the hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide. ROS take part in the intracellular signalling pathways as well as in the defence against invading microorganisms, and the possible effects of interference of the redox status in the cells are discussed.     

靶向给药系统的研究进展

本文就近年来靶向给药系统作为药物载体的研究及其在临床治疗中的应用进行综述.     

细胞膜修饰纳米粒药物递送系统的研究进展

纳米粒是药物递送系统研究的热点之一,但仍存在体内循环时间短,易被网状内皮系统识别和清除等缺点,限制了其临床应用。近年来,天然细胞膜成分和纳米技术的结合为解决这些问题提供了新的方案。一种由纳米粒核和细胞膜壳组成的新型仿生系统极大地改善了纳米粒的性能。用细胞膜修饰的纳米粒具有独特的功能,如延长血液循环时间,提高主动靶向和增强细胞内化等功能。本文综述了细胞膜修饰纳米粒药物递送系统的最新进展及其在癌症治疗方面的应用前景。     

Edaravone, a radical scavenger, inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore in rat brain

Edaravone, a radical scavenger, prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain, but the detailed mechanism is not known. This study examines the effect of edaravone on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) in rat brain. Edaravone at 10 - 100 microM inhibited Ca(2+)- and H(2)O(2)-induced swelling of mitochondria isolated from rat brain. Addition of Ca(2+) generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in isolated mitochondria. Edaravone (10 - 100 microM) inhibited Ca(2+)-induced generation of ROS. These results suggest that edaravone inhibits opening of mitochondrial PTP in the brain, and they imply that inhibition of mitochondrial PTP may account for the neuroprotective effect of edaravone.     

疫苗和基因给药系统的研究进展

简述了当前疫苗和基因给药系统的研究进展，包括注射、口服、鼻腔和透皮等给药系统，并介绍了以转基因植物作为疫苗以及基因给药系统的病毒载体和非病毒载体系统。     

Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on ROS production and growth inhibition using freshwater green algae pre-exposed to UV irradiation

This study investigated the possibility that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO₂) toxicity in Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) assay. Algae were exposed to nano-TiO₂ under laboratory fluorescent lamps supplemented with UV irradiation for 3 h, with or without a UV filter. Results showed that nano-TiO₂ increased ROS production in UV-exposed cells, with or without a UV filter (LOEC values were 250 and 10 mg/L, respectively). Sublethal effects of nano-TiO₂ on UV pre-exposed algae were also examined. Toxicity studies indicated that exposure to nano-TiO₂ agglomerates decreased algal growth following 3 h pre-exposure to UV, with or without a UV filter (EC₅₀s were 8.7 and 6.3 mg/L, respectively). The present study suggests that the growth inhibitory effects of nano-TiO₂ in algae occurred at concentrations lower than those that can elevate DCF fluorescence, and that ROS generation is not directly involved with the sublethal effects of nano-TiO₂ in algae.