外伤性前房积血临床分析

目的为了进一步提高医疗诊治水平，探讨对外伤性前房积血的治疗效果。方法对外伤性前房积血采取双眼包扎、半卧位、交替两侧卧位，药物治疗及前房冲洗术。结果96眼外伤性前房积血经治疗后，96眼中21眼出现继发性前房积血，其中15眼进行了前房冲洗术。2眼视力≤0．03，4眼视力0．04～0．1之间，11眼视力0．12～0．5之间，79眼患者视力恢复≥0．6。结论原发性前房积血要比继发性前房积血的治疗效果好，而导致视力低下原因往往有其他眼内组织损伤，外伤性白内障、晶状体脱位、玻璃体积血以及视网膜脱离等。掌握好手术时机是防止各种并发症关键之一。     

外伤性前房积血270例的临床分析

目的 探讨外伤性前房积血的治疗效果。方法 270例(270眼)外伤性前房积血全部采用西药和中药的止血剂治疗，及时处理并发症，保守治疗3天无效者作前房穿刺冲洗治疗，角膜血染严重的后期作角膜移植术等。结果 270眼前房积血中少量积血的117眼，中量积血的89眼，大量积血的52眼，继发性积血的12眼全部治愈。结论 药物治疗及手术疗法前房穿刺冲洗等是前房积血的有效治疗方法。     

老年性外伤性前房出血预后探讨

目的探讨老年性外伤性前房出血的并发症及预后.方法将一组32例老年性外伤性前房出血,与另一对照组35例其他成年外伤性前房出血病人进行比较.结果老年性外伤性前房出血患者易发生继发性前房出血(59.83%vs,25.71%,P＜0.001),积血吸收时间长(15.2±2.3vs,9.5±1.5,P＜0.05),继发性青光眼、玻璃体积血及晶体脱位发生率显著增高(P＜0.001～0.025).结论老年性外伤性前房出血并发症高、视力影响大、预后差.     

外伤性前房积血128例临床分析

目的 探讨外伤性前房积血的治疗方法。方法 对5年来收治的128例外伤性前房积血进行回顾性研究，统计分析临床资料。结果 据我院统计外伤性前房积血128例占眼外伤病例总数的27.95%。继发性青光眼、外伤性白内障、视网膜脱离、视神经萎缩及角膜血染等又是其常见的并发症，导致严重的视力损害甚至失明。结论 早期止血、降眼压、抗感染及促进积血的吸收，对伴有严重并发症者根据病情及时手术治疗，以恢复视力功能，减少和预防并发症。     

儿童外伤性前房积血的临床观察

目的探讨儿童外伤性前房积血及其并发症的治疗特点及治疗效果。方法对88例儿童外伤性前房积血的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果88例经综合治疗后矫正视力≥0．4者75例（85．23％），行前房冲洗者7例（7．95％）。继发性青光眼34例（38．64％），其中皮质类固醇性青光眼9例（10．23％）。无继发性前房积血及角膜血染发生。结论对于儿童外伤性前房积血应采取个性化治疗方案，儿童作为皮质类固醇的高反应群体，在治疗前房积血时应警惕皮质类固醇性青光眼的发生。     

儿童外伤性前房积血78例临床分析

目的　探讨儿童外伤性前房积血的治疗及预后。方法　回顾性分析 78例 (90眼 )儿童外伤性前房积血临床资料。结果　儿童外伤性前房积血致伤物呈多样性 ,常见的并发症有继发性青光眼、外伤性白内障及角膜血染等。积极治疗可避免严重的视力损害。结论　加强防护 ,早发现 ,早期降眼压、抗感染及促进积血的吸收 ,根据病情及时手术 ,减少和预防并发症 ,以恢复视功能。     

继发性前房出血的临床分析

外伤性前房积血多很快吸收,视力恢复正常,不留后遗症。继发性出血较原发性前房出血严重,并发症多,影响视力,甚至可导致失明。现将本院1983年至1987年共计64例外伤性前房积血住院病例分析如下。     

眼球挫伤所致前房积血的治疗及护理

前房积血是眼外伤常见的并发症,重者可引起继发性青光眼及角膜血染等,严重影响视力.故及时合理的治疗和有效的护理是对外伤性前房积血十分必要的措施.现对我院2006年1月至2008年12月外伤性前房积血病例以护理方法为重点总结报告如下.     

甘露醇治疗外伤性前房积血

甘露醇治疗外伤性前房积血河南洛阳偃师市医院眼科（４７１９００）田素霞前房积血多见于眼球钝挫伤，一般可很快被吸收，视力恢复正常，但也有少数严重的病例，可因角膜血染或继发性青光眼，虹膜炎等并发症而导致失明。所以探求有效的治疗措施，促进前房积血迅速吸收，尤...     

外伤性前房积血258例临床分析

目的 探讨不同程度外伤性前房积血的治疗方法.方法 对我院自2002年1月至2007年2月收治的258例外伤性前房积血进行回顾性分析.结果 Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级外伤性前房积血无再出血及继发性青光眼者预后较好.Ⅲ级外伤性前房积血,尤其是有再出血及继发性青光眼者预后较差.结论 正确把握外伤性前房积血的手术时机,选择好恰当的手术方法,是提高治疗效果的关键.     

Perioperative complications of trabeculectomy in the collaborative initial glaucoma treatment study (CIGTS)

PURPOSE: To describe the incidence of, and risk factors for, surgical complications reported during and within the first post-operative month after trabeculectomy in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS). DESIGN: Review of prospectively collected data from a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Complications were tabulated for the 300 CIGTS patients randomized to surgery. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for complications. RESULTS: Among the 300 patients randomized to initial surgery, 465 trabeculectomies were performed. Intraoperative complications were reported in 55 eyes (12%). The most frequent reported complications were anterior chamber bleeding during surgery (37 eyes, 8%) and conjunctival buttonhole (five eyes, 1%). Early post-operative complications were reported in 232 eyes (50%). Complications with a frequency over 10% included shallow or flat anterior chamber (62 eyes, 13%), encapsulated bleb (56 eyes, 12%), ptosis (55 eyes, 12%), serous choroidal detachment (52 eyes, 11%), and anterior chamber bleeding or hyphema (48 eyes, 10%). There were three localized suprachoroidal hemorrhages (0.7%) and no cases of endophthalmitis. Older patients were more likely to experience serous choroidal detachment, new anterior or posterior synechiae, and wound leak. Blacks were less likely to experience anterior chamber bleeding, but more likely to experience post-operative ptosis. The number of subjects experiencing bilateral complications was higher than that which would have been predicted by chance alone. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of transient and self-limiting complications was high in the perioperative period, but we observed few complications with the potential to cause severe sustained vision loss in this group of previously untreated eyes.     

Cataract types in diabetics and non-diabetics: a densitometric study with the Topcon-Scheimpflug camera

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare types of cataract which appear in patients with the cataractogenous risk factor diabetes mellitus type II and in non-diabetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The opaque lenses of 46 diabetics (group I) and 83 non-diabetics (group II) in the age range of 55-93 years, who had to undergo a cataract operation, were documented using the Topcon-Scheimpflug camera SL-45 followed by densitometric analysis. RESULTS: Although there was no significant difference relating to the metabolic disorder, we found a higher percentage of opacity of the deeper anterior (I = 8.7 % II = 3.6 %) as well as in the anterior and posterior cortex (I = 13.0 % II = 8.4 %) comparing diabetics and non-diabetics. CONCLUSION: Diabetics revealed a higher percentage of opacity of the area of the cortex than non-diabetics without detecting any significance. Thereby, we could show positive associations between the existence of diabetes mellitus type II and a higher risk of opacities of the cortex.     

Ex-PRESS引流器植入治疗原发性开角型青光眼的疗效

目的：观察Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器植入治疗原发性开角型青光眼的临床疗效。

方法：原发性开角型青光眼患者41例54眼分为研究组和对照组。研究组19例25眼,行Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器植入; 对照组22例29眼,行小梁切除术。比较两组患者平均手术时间、术后视力、浅前房、眼压、滤过泡及其他并发症的情况。

结果：研究组手术时间34.60±4.43min,术后1d浅前房1眼、前房出血1眼; 术后1wk高眼压2眼; 术后3mo视力下降1眼、功能性滤过泡24眼、眼压11.5±5.8mmHg。对照组手术时间44.37±3.00min,术后1d浅前房13眼、前房出血渗出12眼; 术后1wk高眼压8眼; 术后3mo视力下降6眼、功能性滤过泡25眼、眼压13.6±6.7mmHg。研究组术后并发症较少,眼压控制更低,术后视力影响、功能性滤过泡与对照组相当。

结论：Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器植入治疗原发性开角型青光眼手术时间缩短,术后浅前房、前房出血渗出并发症少,安全性高,疗效好。     

Descemet's membrane perforation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty: prognosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional and endothelial prognosis after Descemet's membrane perforation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). SETTING: Private practice, Siena, Italy. METHODS: A retrospective study evaluated a series of 35 eyes that had DALK using the big-bubble technique. RESULTS: Intraoperative perforation occurred in 8 eyes (23%), in 5 eyes during manual deep dissection and in 1 eye each during trephination, as the air needle was introduced in the stroma, and as the big bubble was punctured. In all 8 eyes, DALK could be completed. In 1 case, pupillary block was caused by air left in the anterior chamber, resulting in permanent mydriasis and anterior subcapsular opacity. In another case, a double anterior chamber persisted and penetrating keratoplasty was later required. In the other 6 cases, the postoperative course was uneventful. The mean postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 0.8 +/- 0.13 (SD) and the mean postoperative refractive astigmatism, 2.09 +/- 0.98 diopters. The mean endothelial cell loss, evaluated in 7 eyes, was 12% +/- 11% at 1 month (P<.05) and 14% +/- 12% at 12 months. The mean cell loss was 25% +/- 2.7% in eyes in which intraoperative reformation of the anterior chamber with air was required and 6% +/- 7.5% in eyes in which it was not (P< .05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite 2 complicated cases, intraoperative perforation during DALK had a good final functional prognosis. However, eyes in which the perforation required reformation of the anterior chamber had a mean endothelial cell loss greater than 20%. When air is left in the anterior chamber, close monitoring is required to avoid pupillary block.     

The effect of oral contraceptives on colour vision in diabetic women.

The results of previous studies of the effect of oral contraceptives on visual function have produced discrepancies and have lacked specific restraints on the control and experimental groups. We compared 14 diabetics with normal acuity who were taking oral contraceptives with equivalent diabetic and control groups and used the Pickford-Nicholson anomaloscope and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test. Diabetics using oral contraceptives showed a definite trend to increases in tritanomaly and extended red-green matching ranges. When these losses were classified by degree of defect a significantly higher incidence of major defects was found among diabetics on "the pill". Partial correlations for colour variables, duration of diabetes and duration of contraceptive therapy revealed a compounding effect. While subjects using oral contraceptives demonstrated trends toward the extreme scores, these effects were found only in one out of every four users.     

The role of 1% sodium hyaluronate in anterior capsulotomy with the neodymium:YAG laser in patients with diseased cornea

Patients with preexisting corneal pathology who needed cataract extraction had an anterior capsulotomy performed with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (LASAG Microruptor II). Thirty-two patients had no sodium hyaluronate (Healon) and 36 patients had Healon injected into the anterior chamber prior to the laser surgery. The non-Healon group had a higher incidence of corneal damage from the YAG laser and, as a result, a higher incidence of endothelial corneal decompensation than the patients with the Healon-filled chamber.     

可调节缝线配合小梁切除术对青光眼患者眼压及预后的影响

目的探讨青光眼采用可调节缝线配合小梁切除术治疗对患者眼压及预后的影响。方法选取本院2016年5月至2018年5月收治的90例(90眼)闭角型青光眼患者,依据患者意愿分为两组,各45例(45眼)。对照组采用单纯小梁切除术治疗,试验组采用可调节缝线配合小梁切除术治疗,术后随访6个月,比较两组眼压变化情况、浅前房发生率、功能性滤过泡率。结果术后6个月,试验组眼压值低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月,与对照组相比,试验组浅前房发生率低,功能性滤过泡率高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论闭角型青光眼采用可调节缝线配合小梁切除术治疗可降低眼压,预防浅前房发生,利于患者预后。     

Cataract surgery and diabetic retinopathy

The introduction of extracapsular cataract extraction (or phacoemulsification) with placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens is a major benefit to diabetics because it probably does not lead to as rapid an acceleration of retinopathy as does intracapsular cataract extraction. Nevertheless, because many patients develop anterior chamber complications and neovascularization or severe macular edema, considerable caution is required. All patients must have close postoperative follow-up. Patients with preoperative macular edema have the worst prognosis, but the timing of treatment for postoperative macular edema remains to be worked out. All of the papers included in this review shed light on this challenging problem.     

Long-term follow up of the lenses of diabetic patients using Scheimpflug photography linear densitometry

This article reports on changes in lenses of diabetics, detected by means of Scheimpflug photos. Diabetics aged between 20 and 70 have been undergoing regular ophthalmogical check-ups for 26 months. Linear densitometry of negatives revealed an increase in light scatter at the anterior adjacent clear zone of disjunction (areas 1,2) and the anterior cortex (areas 3,4) in clinically clear lenses over the 26-month period. This change in light scatter is not related to the age of the patients; it is correlated to the duration of diabetes and fasting blood sugar.     

糖基化血红蛋白与人工晶状体植入术后眼前段反应的关系

目的 探讨糖基化血红蛋白（ＨｂＡｌｃ）值与糖尿病患者白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后眼前段反应的相互关系及其临床意义。方法 对４８例糖尿病患者作术前糖基化血红蛋白测定和术后眼前段反应的观察，并作相关分析。结果 ＨｂＡｌｃ与术后反应密切相关（ｒ＝０．８７０。Ｐ〈０．００１），其ＨｂＡｌｃ〉８％组前房反应明显高于ＨｂＡｌｃ〈８％组和对照组的病人，有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 糖基化血红蛋白值（ＨｂＡｌ