首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
非典型抗精神病新药:帕利哌酮   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
帕利哌酮是一种新的非典型抗精神病药,是利培酮的活性代谢产物。本文对帕利哌酮(帕利哌酮缓释片及帕利哌酮棕榈酸酯)的作用机制、药代动力学、药物相互作用、临床疗效与安全性进行介绍。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨多巴胺2(D2)受体基因Taq1A多态性与利培酮、帕利哌酮所致高泌乳素血症(HPRL)的关联性。方法:92例女性精神分裂症患者给予利培酮或帕利哌酮治疗4周,于治疗前后测定血清PRL水平及治疗后的9-羟利培酮血药浓度;并检测所有受试者的D2受体基因Taq1A多态性。结果:HPRL组(治疗后PRL水平≥3 500 m IU/L者,n=30例)与LPRL组(治疗后PRL水平3 500m IU/L者,n=37例)Taq1A基因型等位基因频率组间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.73,P=0.42);Taq1A 3种基因型(A1/A1,A1/A2及A2/A2)患者血清PRL水平治疗后均明显增高,但治疗前后差值比较,组间差异无统计学意义(F=1.40,P=0.26)。结论:未发现D2受体基因Taq1A多态性与利培酮、帕利哌酮所致HPRL存在关联。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨目前临床常用的5种二代抗精神病药物对首发精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)水平的近期影响。方法 250例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为5组,分别采用利培酮、奥氮平、帕利哌酮、喹硫平、齐拉西酮治疗6周,检测基线(入组时)和治疗每周末血清泌乳素水平,并在基线和治疗第6周末采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative symptom scale,PANSS)和副反应量表(treatment emergent symptom scale,TESS)评估各药物疗效与安全性。结果患者泌乳素水平经重复测量方差分析示,时间因素主效应、分组因素主效应和时间与分组的交互效应均具有统计学意义(均P0.01)。其中第1周末时,利培酮组泌乳素水平均高于另外4组(P0.05);第2、3、4、5周末时,利培酮组和奥氮平组泌乳素水平均高于其他3组(P0.05);第6周末,利培酮组、奥氮平组和帕利哌酮组均高于其他2组(P0.05),并且利培酮组和奥氮平组高于帕利哌酮组(P0.05)。治疗前后PANSS量表的变化值在5组间有统计学差异(P0.05),不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论抗精神病药物治疗使患者泌乳素水平逐渐增高;不同二代抗精神病药物对泌乳素的近期影响不同,利培酮和奥氮平在治疗早期就能明显升高泌乳素水平。  相似文献   

4.
目的探索新型抗精神病药对肝功能的影响,以及帕利哌酮与其他新型抗精神病药相比是否具有优势。方法采用病例回顾研究方法,收集2010年1月-2014年2月北京回龙观医院新入院精神分裂症患者91例,均符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准。给予单一或联合新型抗精神病药系统治疗,于治疗前后检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、血清总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(T-BIL)、直接胆红素(D-BIL)、间接胆红素(I-BIL)、白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)水平。结果使用新型抗精神病药物治疗后肝功能异常率为14.28%。用药后ALT、GGT、TBA水平增加,ALT、TBA异常率增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T-BIL、D-BIL、I-BIL水平下降,I-BIL异常率下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。方差分析显示,帕利哌酮组、利培酮组和其他组三组间血清ALT水平差异有统计学意义(F=3.664,P=0.03),多重比较显示,帕利哌酮组分别与其他两组血清ALT水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新型抗精神病药物对肝功能的影响主要体现在对肝细胞实质的影响。帕利哌酮与其他新型抗精神病药相比对肝脏的安全性更好。  相似文献   

5.
目的比较帕利哌酮缓释片与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的效果和安全性,为老年精神分裂症的药物治疗提供参考。方法于2014年3月-2015年12月在成都市第四人民医院就诊者中筛选126例符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-IV)诊断标准的、年龄≥60岁的老年精神分裂症患者,按计算机随机法分为帕利哌酮组和利培酮组各63例,分别给予帕利哌酮缓释片和利培酮治疗,两组疗程均为180天。于基线期及治疗第1、2、4、8、12周末、180天时采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应,并进行心电图和肝功监测。结果共107例完成研究,帕利哌酮组54例,利培酮组53例。分别从治疗第1、2周末开始,帕利哌酮组和利培酮组各治疗时点PANSS总评分与基线期比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),两组各治疗时点PANSS总评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);治疗第180天,帕利哌酮组痊愈率高于利培酮组,差异有统计学意义(79.63%vs.62.27%,P0.05)。整个治疗期间,帕利哌酮组锥体外系副反应(EPS)发生率低于利培酮组,差异有统计学意义(9.26%vs.24.53%,P0.05)。结论帕利哌酮与利培酮均能改善老年精神分裂症患者的精神症状,但帕利哌酮起效更快,疗效更佳,安全性更好。  相似文献   

6.
帕利哌酮缓释剂(paliperidone ER;商品名:Inveg,芮达)是2006年12月20日由美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准上市的又一治疗精神分裂症的新药,于2009年2月14日在我国上市.该药主要成分为利培酮的活性代谢产物9-羟利培酮(9-OH-risperidone),采用了OROS技术(渗透性控释口服给药系统)[1],被称为第7个第2代抗精神病药.  相似文献   

7.
帕利哌酮缓释剂(paliperidone ER;商品名:Inveg,芮达)是2006年12月20日由美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准上市的又一治疗精神分裂症的新药,于2009年2月14日在我国上市.该药主要成分为利培酮的活性代谢产物9-羟利培酮(9-OH-risperidone),采用了OROS技术(渗透性控释口服给药系统)[1],被称为第7个第2代抗精神病药.  相似文献   

8.
新型抗精神病药帕利哌酮缓释剂   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
帕利哌酮缓释剂(paliperidone ER;商品名:Inveg,芮达)是2006年12月20日由美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准上市的又一治疗精神分裂症的新药,于2009年2月14日在我国上市.该药主要成分为利培酮的活性代谢产物9-羟利培酮(9-OH-risperidone),采用了OROS技术(渗透性控释口服给药系统)[1],被称为第7个第2代抗精神病药.  相似文献   

9.
目的:探讨非典型抗精神病药(AAP)对恢复期男性精神分裂症患者勃起功能及血浆催乳素(PRL)水平的影响。方法:采用国际勃起功能指数-5问卷(IIEF-5)对以氯氮平、喹硫平、奥氮平、利培酮、阿立哌唑、氨磺必利、帕利哌酮及齐拉西酮单一治疗≥6个月、具有稳定性伴侣的恢复期男性精神分裂症患者各30例进行总体勃起功能障碍(ED)评定,以IIEF-5≤21分定义为ED;同时采用放免法检测患者的血浆PRL水平。结果:ED发生率氨磺必利组显著高于氯氮平组、喹硫平组及阿立哌唑组(P均0.001),利培酮组显著高于阿立哌唑组(P0.01)。血浆PRL水平氨磺必利组、齐拉西酮组及利培酮组显著高于氯氮平组、喹硫平组、奥氮平组及阿立哌唑组(P均0.001),帕利哌酮组显著高于阿立哌唑组(P0.001)。IIEF-5评分与全部患者及氨磺必利组、帕利哌酮组和齐拉西酮组血浆PRL水平呈正相关(P均0.001)。结论:AAP中氨磺必利较易导致ED,利培酮次之;且氨磺必利、齐拉西酮及利培酮可能导致血浆PRL水平增高。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨帕利哌酮缓释片与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效和安全性。方法将60例精神分裂症患者随机分为2组,每组30例,研究组口服帕利哌酮缓释片,对照组口服利培酮,观察8周。于治疗前及治疗2、4、6、8周末采用简明精神病量表(BPRS)和个人与社会功能量表(PSP)评定临床疗效,第8周采用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果治疗8周末,研究组有效率90%,对照组为86.7%,差异无统计学意义(P0.5);2组治疗第2周末起,BPRS量表评定总分均较治疗前显著下降(P0.01),同期2组间差异无统计学意义(P0.5)。PSP量表评定,2组治疗前后及组间对比均有显著差异,研究组明显要好于对照组。2组TESS量表评定,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。帕利哌酮缓释片不良反应主要有泌乳素水平升高、心动过速、静坐不能、体质量增加、直立型低血压、锥体外系反应等。结论帕利哌酮缓释片用于治疗精神分裂症效果要优于利培酮。帕利哌酮缓释片对社会功能效果要明显好于利培酮。  相似文献   

11.
目的探讨了内观认知疗法(NCT)合并药物对于改善抑郁症患者抑郁症状、社会功能和生活质量的疗效。方法对抑郁症患者在药物治疗基础上,分别合并给予NCT和支持性心理治疗(SP);以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)、健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)、社会功能量表(SFRS)进行评估。结果NcT治疗后较SP治疗后CGI—S、HAMD、SDS、SFRS评分降低;SF-36评分提高。结论合并药物治疗前提下NCT较SP能够更显著改善抑郁症患者的抑郁症状、社会功能和生活质量。  相似文献   

12.
目的 探讨广泛性焦虑症患者应对方式、社会支持与心理健康的关系.方法 采用一般情况问卷、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90),对221例广泛性焦虑症患者进行问卷调查.结果 (1)广泛性焦虑症患者SCL-90得分与积极应对、主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度得分呈负相关(P<0.05),与消极应对正相关(P<0.01).(2)结构方程模型分析结果显示:积极应对对社会支持有直接(正向)效应(β=0.47,P<0.01),对SCL-90得分有直接(负向)效应(β=-0.28,P<0.01);消极应对对社会支持有直接(负向)效应(β=-0.23,P<0.01),对SCL-90得分有直接(正向)效应(β=0.22,P<0.01);社会支持对SCL-90得分有直接(负向)效应(β=-0.33,P<0.01);积极应对和消极应对还可以通过社会支持间接影响心理健康.结论 应对方式对广泛性焦虑患者的心理健康有直接效应和间接效应;社会支持作为中介变量调节应对方式与心理健康的关系.运用积极应对、减少消极应对既可直接改善患者的心理健康水平,又可通过提高患者的社会支持来改善患者心理健康状况.  相似文献   

13.
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of synapses and neurons, but its pathogenesis remains to be clarified. Neurons live in an environment constituted by neurons themselves and glial cells. In this review, we propose that the neuronal degeneration in the AD brain is partially caused by diverse environmental factors. We first discuss various environmental stresses and the corresponding responses at different levels. Then we propose some mechanisms underlying the specific pathological changes, in particular, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis dysfunction at the systemic level; cerebrovascular dysfunction, metal toxicity, glial activation, and Aβ toxicity at the intercellular level; and kinase-phosphatase imbalance and epigenetic modification at the intracellular level. Finally, we discuss the possibility of developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of LOAD from the perspective of environmental stress. We conclude that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of LOAD through multiple pathological mechanisms.  相似文献   

14.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of cerebral ischemia have used young animals, with an ischemic time greater than 5 minutes (safe time limit). Despite an increased understanding of neuronal apoptosis, it remains uncertain whether brief cerebral ischemic events of 5 minutes or less damage brain tissue in elderly rodents. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of transient cerebral ischemia (5 minutes)/reperfusion injury on brain cortical and hippocampal edema, aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) expression, and neuronal apoptosis in aged rats, and to compare ischemic sensitivity between cortex and hippocampus. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Qingdao University Medical School from April 2008 to March 2009. MATERIALS: Rabbit anti-AQP-4 polyclonal antibody, TUNEL kit, and SABC immunohistochemistry kit were purchased from Wuhan Boster Bioengineering, China. METHODS: A total of 160 healthy, male, aged 19-21 months, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham-surgery, and ischemia 1-, 3-, and 5-minute groups, with 40 rats in each group. The global cerebral ischemia model was established using the Pusinelli four-vessel occlusion, and the three cerebral ischemia groups were subdivided into reperfusion 12-hour, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 7-day subgroups, with 8 rats in each subgroup. The sham-surgery group was subjected to exposure of the first cervical bilateral alar foramina and bilateral common carotid arteries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The dry-wet weight assay was used to measure brain water content and histopathology of the cortex and hippocampus was observed following hematoxylin-eosin staining. In addition, cortical and hippocampal AQP-4 expression was detected by streptavidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry, and neuronal apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL method. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in brain water content or AQP-4 expression in the cortex and hippocampus between ischemia 1- and 3-minute groups and the sham-surgery group or brain water content or AQP-4 expression in the cortex between ischemia 5-minute group and sham-surgery group (P 〉 0.05). However, brain water content and AQP-4 expression in the hippocampus after 5 minutes of cerebral ischemia were significantly increased compared with the sham-surgery group (P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01). Several TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the cortex and hippocampus of the sham-surgery group and ischemia 1-minute group, as well as in the cortex of the ischemia 3-minute group. In addition, the number of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus of ischemia 3-minute group and in the cortex and hippocampus of ischemia 5-minute group was significantly increased (P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ). Neuronal apoptosis was increased after 12 hours of ischemia/reperfusion, and it reached a peak by 2 days (P 〈 0.01). CONCLUSION: Transient cerebral ischemia (5 minutes) resulted in increased hippocampal edema, AQP-4 expression, and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, cerebral ischemia had a greater effect on neuronal apoptosis than brain edema or AQP-4 expression, and the hippocampus was more sensitive than the cortex.  相似文献   

15.
目的 研究精神分裂症患者认知功能、精神症状和社会功能的相关性.方法 随机选取18例精神分裂症患者,采用听觉事件诱发电位(P300)、神经心理认知测验检测患者与18名正常对照者的认知功能,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和临床总体印象量袁(CGI-S)评定患者的精神症状,采用社会功能量表(PSP)评定患者的社会功能,用锥体外系副反应量表(SAS)、不自主运动量表(AIMS)和静坐不能量表(BARS)评定既往使用抗精神病药物不良反应情况.并研究患者的认知功能、精神症状和社会功能的相关性.结果 精神分裂症患者的潜伏期N1,P2,N2较对照组延长,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但未发现波幅的差异.精神分裂症患者颜色连线2时间较对照组长,范畴流利和Stroop分量表评分均低于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).因为受教育程度可能会影响患者的认知,故以受教育年限为控制因素,进行偏相关分析,P300的潜伏期和波幅与PANSS总分和各因子分无相关性(P>0.05),与锥体外系和社会功能也无相关性(P>0.05).神经认知心理测试与PANSS、CGI-S无相关性.神经认知心理测试与PANSS、CGI-S无相关性.PSP和颜色连线测验2、WCST总错误数呈负相关,PSP和范畴流利测验、WCST总正确数及分类个数呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者存在认知功能障碍,其认知功能与社会功能有明显相关性.  相似文献   

16.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种隐匿性起病,进行性恶化的神经退行性疾病,临床最初表现为认知功能障碍,并有可能在5~10年内完全衰退。患者往往伴随严重的记忆力丧失、精神行为异常、人格改变、言语功能障碍,无法独立生活,最终近乎于植物状态。Ferri等采用DISMOD软件在全球60岁以上人群中估计,全球的痴呆患者人数到2040年将达到8llO万左右。  相似文献   

17.
There are several major pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease, including apoptosis of cho- linergic neurons, overactivity or overexpression of 13-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and inflammation. In this study, we synthesized a 19-nt oligonucleotide targeting BACE1, the key enzyme in amyloid beta protein (AI3) production, and introduced it into the pSilenCircle vector to construct a short hairpin (shRNA) expression plasmid against the BACE1 gene. We transfected this vector into C17.2 neural stem cells and primary neural stem cells, resulting in downregulation of the BACE1 gene, which in turn induced a considerable reduction in reducing AI3 protein production. We anticipate that this technique combining cell transplantation and gene ther- apy will open up novel therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease, particularly because it can be used to simultaneously target several pathogenetic changes in the disease.  相似文献   

18.
Considerable debate and controversy surround the cause(s) of AIzheimer's disease (AD). To date, several theories have gained notoriety, however none is universally accepted. In this review, we provide evidence for the oxidative stress-induced AD cascade that posits aged mitochondria as the critical origin of neurodegeneration in AD.  相似文献   

19.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性发展的神经系统退行性疾病,临床表现为认知和记忆功能不断下降,日常生活能力进行性减退,并伴有各种神经精神症状和行为障碍。目前AD的治疗仍然缺乏非常有效的药物,因此,早期发现、早期诊断对减缓病程进展、降低发病率和患病率具有重要意义。现就AD诊断的相关指标作一综述。  相似文献   

20.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that takes about a decade to develop, making early diagnosis possible. Clinically, the diagnosis of AD is complicated, costly, and inaccurate, so it is urgent to find specific biomarkers. Due to its multifactorial nature, a panel of biomarkers for the multiple pathologies of AD, such as cerebral amyloidogenesis, neuronal dysfunction, synapse loss, oxidative stress, and inflammation, are most promising for accurate diagnosis. Highly sensitive and high-throughput proteomic techniques can be applied to develop a panel of novel biomarkers for AD. In this review, we discuss the metabolism and diagnostic performance of the well-established core candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (β-amyloid, total tau, and hyperphosphorylated tau). Meanwhile, novel promising CSF biomarkers, especially those identified by proteomics, updated in the last five years are also extensively discussed. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on how biomarker discovery for AD is evolving.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号