Accurate Application of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris Anterior Migration and Shortening Technique in Blepharoptosis Correction Surgery

Background Accurate preoperative evaluation of the levator palpebrae superioris(LPS)strength is required for specific calculation of anterior migration or shortening.This information serves as a surgical reference for more accurate correction of ptosis.Methods Between June 2017 and June 2019,155 eyes of 97 patients were studied.Patients were divided into the following 3 groups based on the ptosis degree:mild(28 cases),moderate(53 cases),and severe(16 cases).The LPS strength was evaluated preoperatively and used to calculate LPS anterior migration and shortening.The LPS aponeurosis and Müller’s muscle(L-M)complex was separated from the upper margin of the tarsal plate to the calculated height according to the levator muscle suspension system retention approach.The complex was subsequently fixed to the planned tarsal plate location.The upper eyelid margin(UEM)height,eyelid morphology,eyelid closure,eye symmetry,exposure keratitis status,and patient satisfaction were evaluated at 1 week and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively.Results In all cases,the UEM positions were normal,and only patients with severe ptosis exhibited lagophthalmos in the early posterative period.Six months postoperatively,13%of eyes in the severe group had residual ptosis;all mild and moderate cases exhibited good surgical outcomes.The eyelids closed well with no exposure keratitis.All patients were satisfied with the eyelid contour.Conclusions Accurate LPS anterior migration and aponeurosis shortening can eliminate various factors affecting surgical blepharoptosis treatment.These procedures not only reduce operation time but also enhance the stability of postoperative correction.     

上睑翼状韧带悬吊修复额肌瓣矫正重度上睑下垂术后复发

目的探讨应用上睑翼状韧带悬吊修复额肌瓣矫正重度上睑下垂复发的临床疗效。方法自2013年1月至2016年5月,应用上睑翼状韧带悬吊修复矫正重度上睑下垂复发患者80例(80只眼);常规设计重睑切口线,松解游离各层次的瘢痕组织,离断额肌瓣于睑板的连接进行解剖复位;显露睑板上缘,在外侧位置进入提上睑肌下层,沿结膜面向穹窿方向分离,在上直肌前1/3和提上睑肌之间找到上睑翼状韧带,用6-0尼龙线将上睑翼状韧带及其对应的上睑提肌腱膜一同缝合于睑板上缘来矫正上睑下垂;将眶隔脂肪复位覆盖于睑板上缘,常规缝合形成重睑;设定术后睑裂高度较术前明显增大为满意。结果本组共80例(80只眼)患者。随访3~24个月,75只眼矫正良好,5只眼因与对侧差异较大而再次手术后效果满意。电话随访,患者均在15~90 d能完全闭眼,无其他并发症发生;重睑弧度、形态自然,外观满意。结论应用上睑翼状韧带悬吊修复额肌瓣矫正重度上睑下垂复发,能获得较满意的临床效果。     

上穹窿Check韧带悬吊法上睑下垂矫正术:手术原理的解剖学研究

目的探究上穹窿Check韧带悬吊法上睑下垂矫正术后提升睑板的原理机制。方法对10具中国成年人新鲜尸体共20眼截取眼眶标本,分别在模拟生理状态下、建立上睑下垂模型状态下和上穹窿Check韧带悬吊法上睑下垂矫正术后状态下,观察上直肌、上睑提肌收缩情况,并测量各种情况下上睑提升的幅度。结果在生理情况下,提升眼睑的主要动力源在于上睑提肌,而上直肌对眼睑也能够提供一个小幅度的提升;在上睑下垂模型中,上睑提肌与上直肌提升眼睑的功能均有不同程度地减弱,而二者在此状态下对眼睑提升的作用接近;对上睑下垂标本进行Check韧带悬吊后,眼睑于术后即刻提升,且上睑提肌能够在更短的收缩状态下提供与生理情况下一样的睑板提升量,同时上直肌的功能也得到了加强。结论模拟上穹窿Check韧带悬吊法上睑下垂矫正术后,眼睑提升的机制是由静态悬吊力量与肌肉收缩动态悬吊力量两部分组成。且在上睑提肌功能良好的情况下,术后动态悬吊的主要力量由上睑提肌收缩所提供,上直肌基本不提供额外的动力;当上睑提肌功能为中等或较差时,术后动态收缩力量以上睑提肌或上直肌力量较强者为主,次者为辅;当上睑提肌功能完全丧失时,手术后仅能依靠上直肌收缩来动态提升睑板。故在临床中对具有不同肌肉功能的患者需要进行详细的体格检查,严格把握手术适应证。     

两种方法矫正先天性上睑下垂的效果观察

目的:探讨额肌悬吊术与提上睑肌缩短术矫正先天性上睑下垂的临床疗效.方法:对15例(20只眼)上睑下垂患者采用额肌悬吊术.对20例(25只眼)上睑下垂患者采用提上睑肌缩短术矫正.结果:前一种方法术后早期眼睑高度、弧度及重睑形成尚可,但欠自然,闭睑不全明显,持久性欠佳.后一种方法术后眼睑高度、弧度及重睑形成良好,美观自然,持久性好.结论:提上睑肌缩短术是矫治先天性上睑下垂的理想选择.     

上睑提肌内限制韧带松解在治疗先天性上睑下垂中的意义

目的 在睑板上缘附近的上睑提肌内，有跨于内外眦角之间数条横向纤维束带即限制韧带，我们探讨其在治疗先天性上睑下垂中的意义。方法 将此韧带松解，可基本矫正大部分经度上睑下垂病例。若为轻，中度上睑下垂，且韧带松解后上睑仍有部分下垂，还需进行睑提肌腱膜折叠术。重度上睑下垂韧带松解后，还需进行眉区额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术。结果 本组27例随访3个月～1年，27例40只眼中38只眼轻、中、重度上睑下垂均矫正满意，2只眼良好，未见睑下垂复发。结论 松解上睑提肌内限制韧带，有助于恢复上睑提肌睑功能，易于矫正睑下垂且手术创伤小，形态自然，不易复发。     

单切口额肌上睑SMAS瓣经眶隔后悬吊治疗上睑下垂

目的 总结单切口额肌上睑SMAS瓣经眶隔后悬吊治疗上睑下垂的适应证及手术方法.方法 取上睑重睑皱襞切口,SIFSF悬吊治疗上睑下垂,重建上睑提升动力通道近似上睑提肌滑行路径.自1993年7月至2009年11月,收治上睑下垂148例(215只眼),其中应用SIFSF经眼轮匝肌和眶隔后隧道悬吊治疗上睑下垂者81例(121只眼),包括严重或复发性上睑下垂、Horner′s 综合征、张口瞬目综合征、先天性睑裂狭小综合征和下颌面发育不良综合征伴有的上睑下垂等;应用上睑提肌腱膜缩短,提上睑肌粘连松解,节制韧带松解,睑板部分切除治疗上睑下垂67例(94只眼).结果术后早期发生睑内翻、角膜刺激者1 例,再次手术治愈;角膜溃疡者1例,经治疗好转;结膜脱垂者2例,术后血肿者2例,经保守治疗痊愈.在SIFSF悬吊治疗上睑下垂的81例(121只眼)患者中,术后经4周至10年随访者49例(69只眼),其中优良者30例( 45只眼),良好者17例(22只眼),矫正不足者2例(3只眼),矫正优良率为97%.术后提上睑功能和形态良好.矫正不足2例,经再次手术治愈.结论 单切口额肌上睑SMAS瓣经眶隔后悬吊治疗上睑下垂术式,可避免眉下切口,是一项符合上睑提肌生理功能的重建,适应证范围较广,手术操作简易,术后提上睑功能和上睑形态改善良好的手术方法.     

先天性上睑下垂矫治52例

目的:探讨上睑提肌折叠缩短术和额肌瓣悬吊术矫正上睑下垂的效果。方法:采用上睑提肌折叠缩短术和额肌瓣悬吊术对不同程度的上睑下垂进行矫正。结果:本组52例,切口均一期愈合,未出现并发症;16例获得随访,上睑下垂明显改善,重睑线自然、对称;其中2例中度上睑下垂,采用上睑提肌折叠缩短术矫正未见改善,半年后采用额肌瓣悬吊矫正效果满意。结论:上睑提肌缩短术是矫正轻度上睑下垂的首选方法,额肌瓣悬吊术是矫正重度上睑下垂的主要方法,而中度上睑下垂,需要根据下垂的严重程度和手术医师的经验,采用上睑提肌缩短术或额肌瓣悬吊术。     

眶隔筋膜瓣及提上睑肌与额肌瓣吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂

目的：研究利用眶隔筋膜瓣、提上睑肌腱膜联合额肌瓣悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂的临床效果。方法：术中切开眶隔,形成蒂在睑板上缘的眶隔筋膜瓣,在眉部分离形成额肌瓣,将这两瓣与提上睑肌腱膜重叠缝合固定,建立与额肌的连接,悬吊上睑并矫正下垂畸形。结果：采用此方法对27例35侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗,随访3～6个月,其中31侧眼睑取得了满意的效果,额肌收缩时患睑睁大两侧眼裂大小对称,睑缘位置正常,外形自然,睑缘弧度及重睑外形满意。矫正不足4侧,后行二次手术而修复。结论：利用眶隔筋膜瓣、提上睑肌腱膜联合额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂,上睑悬吊牢固,不易复发,保持了眼睑的原有结构,睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意,畸形矫正效果良好,优于传统的上睑提肌腱膜瓣悬吊和单纯额肌悬吊的方法。     

上穹窿Check韧带悬吊法矫正先天性上睑下垂

目的探讨应用上穹窿Check韧带悬吊法矫正先天性上睑下垂的临床效果。方法自2013年1月至2015年12月,采用上穹窿Check韧带悬吊法矫正单侧先天性上睑下垂28例。术中按重睑切口线切开皮肤,在眶隔后方显露提上睑肌腱膜,并在睑板中1/3段横行切断提上睑肌腱膜和M(u|¨)ller's肌附着直至结膜;沿结膜前面向上分离,显露结膜上穹窿后上方的Check韧带,将该韧带下拉缝合固定于睑板,悬吊矫正上睑下垂。结果术后随访3~24个月,所有患者下垂体征均得到改善,眼睑均在60 d内基本自然闭合,无过度矫正及暴露性角膜炎发生。其中,2例患者术后出现结膜脱垂,均在45 d内自行恢复。结论采用上穹窿Check韧带悬吊法矫正上睑下垂,其术式操作简单,效果可靠,眼睑运动接近生理状态,适用于矫正不同程度的先天性上睑下垂,值得临床推广应用。     

上睑下垂手术治疗500例

目的 探讨不同种类上睑下垂的手术治疗方法和效果。方法 对500例（620只眼）上睑下垂的手术治疗进行了回顾性总结。上睑下垂的种类包括先天性、神经源性、肌源性、外伤性、机械性和老年性。手术方法包括提上睑肌缩短术、提上睑肌腱膜瓣一额肌吻合术、Whitnall韧带悬吊术、弗．盖氏术、提上睑肌，腱膜修补术和改良Hotz术。结果 总体手术成功率为90．3％（560／620只眼）。疗效不满意的60只眼中过矫5只，欠矫55只（合并睑畸形4只，睑内翻6只，睑外翻2只）。提上睑肌缩短术治疗轻、中度先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率为93．8％。提上睑肌缩短术和提上睑肌腱膜瓣-额肌吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为72．4％和100％。Whitnall韧带悬吊术治疗复发性先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率为90％。弗-盖氏术、Whitnall韧带悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜瓣-额肌吻合术治疗神经源性和肌源性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为41．6％、80％和90％。提上睑肌，腱膜修补术治疗外伤性和老年性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为94．7％和100％。改良Hotz术治疗机械性上睑下垂的手术成功率为93．3％。结论 根据上睑下垂的种类和程度选择适宜的手术方法和完善手术技巧是提高手术成功率的关键。     

眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂

目的:为更好地保持眼睑的原有结构,符合其生理和生物力学特点,探索一种治疗重度上睑下垂的新方法。方法:术中于眼轮匝肌下分离并显露眶隔筋膜至近眶上缘处,在眶隔表面设计一蒂位于睑板上缘的梯形瓣,按设计线全层切开眶隔,形成眶隔筋膜瓣。在患侧眉上形成一额肌瓣,将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定,上提睑缘至角膜上缘处,起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果:作者利用该方法对22例26侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗,随访病人17例,19侧眼睑,其中16侧眼睑取得了满意的效果,额肌收缩时患睑睁大两侧眼裂大小对称,可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑外形满意。3侧眼睑矫正不完全,经二次手术修复得以矫正。讨论:作者认为利用眶隔筋膜形成的组织瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊缝合,保持了眼睑的原有结构,具有手术损伤轻,上睑悬吊牢固,不易复发,睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意,畸形矫正效果良好,优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜瓣悬吊的方法。     

Anatomical study of the structures at the roof of the orbit with special reference to the check ligament of the superior fornix.

In an attempt to clarify the topography of the structures at the roof of the orbit we dissected the anterior cranial fossas of seven cadavers. Structures such as the periorbita, levator muscle of the upper eyelid and its aponeurosis, as well as Tenon's capsule with its continuation into the check ligament of the superior fornix were identified. The technique for correction of congenital blepharoptosis by suspension of the check ligament of the superior fornix to the tarsus was mimicked and its function clarified.     

ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES AT THE ROOF OF THE ORBIT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CHECK LIGAMENT OF THE SUPERIOR FORNIX

In an attempt to clarify the topography of the structures at the roof of the orbit we dissected the anterior cranial fossas of seven cadavers. Structures such as the periorbita, levator muscle of the upper eyelid and its aponeurosis, as well as Tenon's capsule with its continuation into the check ligament of the superior fornix were identified. The technique for correction of congenital blepharoptosis by suspension of the check ligament of the superior fornix to the tarsus was mimicked and its function clarified.     

眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓦合固定矫正重度上睑下垂

目的：研究利用眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓦合固定矫正重度上睑下垂的临床效果。方法：术中于眼轮匝肌下分离并显露眶隔至近眶上缘处,在眶隔表面设计一蒂位于睑板前面的梯形瓣。在眉上缘切开皮肤,于眼轮匝肌表面锐性游离至近眶上缘区、横形剪开肌层1cm宽,形成隧道,将眶隔筋膜组织瓣经隧道上提眉区额肌表面、与额肌瓦合固定。结果：作者利用该术式对15例19只眼、其中5只眼为复发性病例进行治疗,临床效果满意,两眼外形对称,睑缘弧线好、重睑自然,无睑内外翻、睑球分离、闭眼不全现象。6个月随访12只眼,1只眼好转,11只眼矫正效果保持良好状态。结论：作者利用眶隔筋膜组织瓣与活动度较大的眉部额肌瓦合固定,具有固定牢固、眉部额肌无损伤、肌力长久、活动范围大、不易复发等优点,而且睑缘弧度好、重睑自然、并发症少,优于传统的额肌悬吊术。     

联合筋膜鞘+提上睑肌复合瓣悬吊矫治先天性重度上睑下垂

目的:探讨联合筋膜鞘+提上睑肌复合瓣悬吊治疗先天性重度上睑下垂的临床效果。方法:选取2017年9月至2019年3月于河北省眼科医院住院的先天性重度上睑下垂患者205例248眼,随机分为三组,分别应用联合筋膜鞘+提上睑肌复合瓣悬吊术(CFS+L复合瓣悬吊组)、联合筋膜鞘悬吊术(单纯CFS悬吊组)、额肌瓣悬吊术(额肌瓣悬吊组)加以矫正;随访6个月,比较三组患者正矫率、上睑回退率、上睑活动范围及眼睑闭合不全情况、并发症发生率和患者满意度。结果:CFS+L复合瓣悬吊组较其他两组有更高的正矫率,CFS+L复合瓣悬吊组及单纯CFS悬吊组术后较额肌瓣悬吊组有更好的上睑活动度、眼睑闭合不全状态较轻、并发症发生率较低,患者满意度较高;CFS+L复合瓣悬吊组较单纯CFS悬吊组术后上睑回退率低、具有更好的稳定性;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:联合筋膜鞘+提上睑肌复合瓣悬吊术矫正先天性重度上睑下垂具有治愈率高、效果更加稳定的特点,是一种符合眼睑活动生理学特点的动态术式。     

上睑提肌腱膜瓣与额肌瓣悬吊缝合矫正重度上睑下垂

目的：为克服单纯额肌瓣悬吊治疗重度上睑下垂存在的缺点，更好地保持眼睑的原有结构，使矫治后的眼睑符合其生理和生物力学特点。方法：在患侧分别形成额肌瓣和上睑提肌腱膜瓣，将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定，起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果：利用该方法对46例52侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗，随访患者24例，28侧眼睑，其中23侧眼睑取得了较满意的治疗效果，患睑睁大时额肌收缩两侧眼裂大小基本对称，可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑线外形满意。5侧眼睑矫正不完全，仍有一定程度的下垂。结论：术者认为利用无功能的上睑提肌形成腱膜瓣与传统的额肌瓣重叠悬吊缝合，保持了眼睑的原有结构，具有上睑悬吊牢固、不易复发、睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意的优点，对畸形矫正效果良好，优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术。     

Strategies for Simultaneous Double Eyelid Blepharoplasty in Asian Patients With Congenital Blepharoptosis

Background Most patients with blepharoptosis prefer to undergo a double eyelid operation and a ptosis repair simultaneously to achieve the optimal cosmetic and functional result. However, it is difficult to achieve symmetry in patients with blepharoptosis. Methods Surgery was performed on the levator aponeurosis or frontalis muscle to correct blepharoptosis while double eyelid surgery was simultaneously performed to correct blephroptosis in 264 patients over the past 15 years. This report describes 39 representative cases of unilateral congenital blepharoptosis and 30 representative cases of bilateral congenital blepharoptosis. In cases of unilateral ptosis with good or fair levator function, a levator resection or plication was performed, and the position of the lid margin was adjusted to 1 to 2 mm below the upper limbus. Cases of severe unilateral blepharoptosis were corrected by frontalis muscle flap, orbicularis oculi muscle flap, or frontalis myofacial flap, and the height of the double eyelid was created to be 1 to 2 mm less than the height on the normal side. The position of the lid margin was adjusted to the level of the superior limbus, and the height of the lid crease of the ptotic eye was determined to be according to that on the nonptotic side. For bilateral ptosis patients with equal levator function, the height of the double eyelid was designed symmetrically. Bilateral blepharoptosis patients with unequal levator muscle function should have the double eyelids on both sides created the same as in normal cases, and they must be grafted in proportion to the severity of the blepharoptosis. If the results are unpredictable, the two-stage operation should be performed. Results Only 30% of the eyelids in this study were perfectly symmetric after the blepharoptosis operation, with 70% asymmetric. These 70% showed good symmetry immediately after surgery, but asymmetry occurred 6 months after the operation. Conclusion In blepharoptosis surgery, different techniques for double eyelids must be applied according to the method of ptosis correction used. Usually, the height of the double eyelid on the ptotic side should be a little less than the normal double eyelid height on the nonptotic side. However, it is difficult to achieve symmetric double eyelids in blepharoptosis patients.     

不对称双侧先天性上睑下垂的分期手术治疗策略

目的 探讨不对称的先天性双侧上睑下垂进行分期手术的治疗策略。方法 对2011年至2013年的30例不对称双侧上睑下垂患者进行分期手术矫正。一期手术矫正较重侧(中~重度),行睑板部分切除联合上睑提肌缩短前徙术;3~6个月后再行较轻侧矫正,行睑板部分切除术或上睑提肌缩短术。术后随访3~24个月,术后评估内容包括矫正程度与双侧对称性。结果 全部30例患者60只眼,在矫正效果评估中,37(61.7%)只眼为充分矫正,23(38.3%)只眼为中等矫正,无矫正不足或过矫病例。对称性评估中,23(76.5%)例达到良好对称,7(23.5%)例达到中等对称,无对称不佳病例。结论 与我们以往的治疗经验相比,对于不对称的双侧先天性上睑下垂,分期手术治疗能够达到更好的对称效果。