改良第二掌背动脉皮瓣修复示中指中末节套脱伤

目的 探讨应用第二掌背动脉(second dorsal metacarpal artery,SDMA)逆行岛状皮瓣修复示、中指中末节皮肤套状撕脱伤的方法及疗效.方法 2004年5月至2010年1月,收治17例示指或中指中末节皮肤套状撕脱伤患者.采用SDMA岛状皮瓣进行修复,并缝合指背神经.皮瓣切取面积为2.5 cm×5.6 cm～5.0cm×6.5 cm,供区创面行游离植皮.结果 术后2例皮瓣远端出现张力性水泡,表皮结痂,经换药后愈合;其余皮瓣顺利存活.皮瓣及供区植皮切口均Ⅰ期愈合.术后17例获得4～27个月的随访,平均15.3个月.皮瓣质地柔软,外观饱满无臃肿.两点分辨觉为7～11 mm,平均8.6 mm.手功能按手指总主动活动度(total active movement,TAM)法评定:优8指,良7指,可2指;优良率为88.2%.结论 缝合指背神经的改良SDMA逆行岛状皮瓣,皮瓣切取面积足够覆盖示、中指中末节套状撕脱伤皮肤缺损创面,皮瓣血运可靠,手术安全,是一种较好的手术方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the operative procedure and the clinical results of the modified reversed island flap based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) for repairing index or long finger degloving defects.Methods From May 2004 to January 2010, circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx of the index or long fingers in 17 patients were repaired by the modified reversed island flaps based on SDMA.The dorsal digital nerve in the flap was coapted to the severed proper digital nerve.The area of the flaps ranged from 2.5 cm × 5.6 cm to 5.0 cm × 6.5 cm.The donor sites were closed by skin graft.Results Postoperatively blister and necrosis of the distal flap occurred in 2 cases which was cured by dressing change.All the other flaps survived uneventfully.Primary healing of the flaps and donor sites was achieved.All 17 patients were follow-up for 4 to 27 months with an average of 15.3 months.The flaps were pliable, full but not bulky.Two-point discrimination was 7 to 11 mm (mean 8.6 mm).Hand function as judged by the total active range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 8 fingers, good in 7 fingers and fair in 2 fingers.The satisfactory rate was 88.2%.Conclusion Modified SDMA reversed island flap transfer with dorsal digital nerve coaptation is an ideal procedure to repair index or long finger degloving injuries.The area of the harvested flap is large enough to cover the circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx.The surgery is safe due to the reliable flap circulation.     

改良第二掌背动脉皮瓣修复示中指中末节套脱伤

Objective To investigate the operative procedure and the clinical results of the modified reversed island flap based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) for repairing index or long finger degloving defects.Methods From May 2004 to January 2010, circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx of the index or long fingers in 17 patients were repaired by the modified reversed island flaps based on SDMA.The dorsal digital nerve in the flap was coapted to the severed proper digital nerve.The area of the flaps ranged from 2.5 cm × 5.6 cm to 5.0 cm × 6.5 cm.The donor sites were closed by skin graft.Results Postoperatively blister and necrosis of the distal flap occurred in 2 cases which was cured by dressing change.All the other flaps survived uneventfully.Primary healing of the flaps and donor sites was achieved.All 17 patients were follow-up for 4 to 27 months with an average of 15.3 months.The flaps were pliable, full but not bulky.Two-point discrimination was 7 to 11 mm (mean 8.6 mm).Hand function as judged by the total active range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 8 fingers, good in 7 fingers and fair in 2 fingers.The satisfactory rate was 88.2%.Conclusion Modified SDMA reversed island flap transfer with dorsal digital nerve coaptation is an ideal procedure to repair index or long finger degloving injuries.The area of the harvested flap is large enough to cover the circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx.The surgery is safe due to the reliable flap circulation.     

改良第二掌背动脉皮瓣修复示中指中末节套脱伤

Objective To investigate the operative procedure and the clinical results of the modified reversed island flap based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) for repairing index or long finger degloving defects.Methods From May 2004 to January 2010, circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx of the index or long fingers in 17 patients were repaired by the modified reversed island flaps based on SDMA.The dorsal digital nerve in the flap was coapted to the severed proper digital nerve.The area of the flaps ranged from 2.5 cm × 5.6 cm to 5.0 cm × 6.5 cm.The donor sites were closed by skin graft.Results Postoperatively blister and necrosis of the distal flap occurred in 2 cases which was cured by dressing change.All the other flaps survived uneventfully.Primary healing of the flaps and donor sites was achieved.All 17 patients were follow-up for 4 to 27 months with an average of 15.3 months.The flaps were pliable, full but not bulky.Two-point discrimination was 7 to 11 mm (mean 8.6 mm).Hand function as judged by the total active range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 8 fingers, good in 7 fingers and fair in 2 fingers.The satisfactory rate was 88.2%.Conclusion Modified SDMA reversed island flap transfer with dorsal digital nerve coaptation is an ideal procedure to repair index or long finger degloving injuries.The area of the harvested flap is large enough to cover the circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx.The surgery is safe due to the reliable flap circulation.     

指动脉顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of island flaps pedieled with digital artery for the defects at the end of fingers. Methods 63 eases with 72 soft tissue defects at the end of fingers were treated with the island flaps. The flap size ranged from 8 mm× 11 mm to 21 nun × 27 ram. Results All the flaps survived completely. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 19 months. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory. The two-point discrimination was 7 ～ 9 mm. The TAM functional examination showed excellent in 59 fingers, good in 11 fingers and common in 2 fingers. Conclusions The technique with island flap is simple and reliable for the defects at the end of fingers.     

指动脉顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of island flaps pedieled with digital artery for the defects at the end of fingers. Methods 63 eases with 72 soft tissue defects at the end of fingers were treated with the island flaps. The flap size ranged from 8 mm× 11 mm to 21 nun × 27 ram. Results All the flaps survived completely. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 19 months. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory. The two-point discrimination was 7 ～ 9 mm. The TAM functional examination showed excellent in 59 fingers, good in 11 fingers and common in 2 fingers. Conclusions The technique with island flap is simple and reliable for the defects at the end of fingers.     

指动脉顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of island flaps pedieled with digital artery for the defects at the end of fingers. Methods 63 eases with 72 soft tissue defects at the end of fingers were treated with the island flaps. The flap size ranged from 8 mm× 11 mm to 21 nun × 27 ram. Results All the flaps survived completely. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 19 months. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory. The two-point discrimination was 7 ～ 9 mm. The TAM functional examination showed excellent in 59 fingers, good in 11 fingers and common in 2 fingers. Conclusions The technique with island flap is simple and reliable for the defects at the end of fingers.     

指动脉顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of island flaps pedieled with digital artery for the defects at the end of fingers. Methods 63 eases with 72 soft tissue defects at the end of fingers were treated with the island flaps. The flap size ranged from 8 mm× 11 mm to 21 nun × 27 ram. Results All the flaps survived completely. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 19 months. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory. The two-point discrimination was 7 ～ 9 mm. The TAM functional examination showed excellent in 59 fingers, good in 11 fingers and common in 2 fingers. Conclusions The technique with island flap is simple and reliable for the defects at the end of fingers.     

指动脉顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of island flaps pedieled with digital artery for the defects at the end of fingers. Methods 63 eases with 72 soft tissue defects at the end of fingers were treated with the island flaps. The flap size ranged from 8 mm× 11 mm to 21 nun × 27 ram. Results All the flaps survived completely. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 19 months. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory. The two-point discrimination was 7 ～ 9 mm. The TAM functional examination showed excellent in 59 fingers, good in 11 fingers and common in 2 fingers. Conclusions The technique with island flap is simple and reliable for the defects at the end of fingers.     

指动脉顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of island flaps pedieled with digital artery for the defects at the end of fingers. Methods 63 eases with 72 soft tissue defects at the end of fingers were treated with the island flaps. The flap size ranged from 8 mm× 11 mm to 21 nun × 27 ram. Results All the flaps survived completely. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 19 months. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory. The two-point discrimination was 7 ～ 9 mm. The TAM functional examination showed excellent in 59 fingers, good in 11 fingers and common in 2 fingers. Conclusions The technique with island flap is simple and reliable for the defects at the end of fingers.     

指动脉顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of island flaps pedieled with digital artery for the defects at the end of fingers. Methods 63 eases with 72 soft tissue defects at the end of fingers were treated with the island flaps. The flap size ranged from 8 mm× 11 mm to 21 nun × 27 ram. Results All the flaps survived completely. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 19 months. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory. The two-point discrimination was 7 ～ 9 mm. The TAM functional examination showed excellent in 59 fingers, good in 11 fingers and common in 2 fingers. Conclusions The technique with island flap is simple and reliable for the defects at the end of fingers.     

指动脉中段背侧支岛状皮瓣的设计与应用

目的 探索一种修复第2～5指远节皮肤缺损的方法。方法 以指固有动脉中段背侧支为蒂,设计手指中节指背岛状皮瓣。如需重建指腹感觉,在切取皮瓣时,则应于皮瓣近端保留适当长度的指固有神经背侧支（小指为指背神经）,以便与伤指指固有神经断端吻合。2005年2月至2010年5月,应用此方法修复54例手指远节皮肤缺损,共61指,其中指腹缺损35指,指端缺损26指。结果 皮肤缺损最大面积2.2 cm ×2.5 cm,皮瓣切取最大面积2.4 cm ×2.7 cm。61指皮瓣全部成活,3指术后2天皮瓣远端出现水泡,未予以处理。术后7d水泡开始萎缩吸收,术后14 d水泡消退,皮瓣成活。54例均获得随访。随访时间5个月～1年10个月,平均11个月。皮瓣质地色泽好,外形良好,指腹较饱满,恢复痛温觉,两点辨别距离6～9 mm。按感觉功能评定标准为S4。患指指间关节活动正常。结论 指动脉中段背侧支岛状皮瓣,是一种较理想的修复远节手指皮肤缺损的方法。     

逆行桡侧小鱼际皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的 探讨逆行桡侧小鱼际皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的方法 及疗效.方法 2006年3月至2010年3月,收治13例14指软组织缺损,缺损范围1.9 cm×1.5 cm～4.0 cm×2.0 cm,均采用以小指尺掌侧固有动脉为血管蒂的逆行小鱼际皮瓣修复,皮瓣大小为2.0 cm×1.5 cm～4.0 cm ×2.0 cm.结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,供、受区切口均一期愈合.12例13指,获1～3年随访,皮瓣外观与健侧指相似,无明显色素沉着,其中1例因患掌腱膜挛缩症而出现手指瘢痕挛缩.皮瓣两点辨别觉为3.2～5.3 mm.参照关节总主动活动度/被动活动度评定标准,优12指,良1指.供区无明显不适主诉,术后2个月均重返工作岗位.结论 带感觉神经的逆行桡侧小鱼际瓣修复手指软组织缺损,效果良好,并且具有不牺牲指固有神经,供区损伤少的优点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of reverse radial hypothenar flap for finger soft tissue defect. Methods From Mar. 2006 to Mar. 2010, 13 cases (14fingers) with finger soft tissue defects were treated with reverse radial hypothenar flaps pedicled with ulnar palmar digital artery of little finger. The defects were 1.9 cm× 1. 5cm -4. 0 cm× 2. 0 cm in size. The flap size ranged from 1.5cm× 2.0 cm to 4. 0 cm × 2. 0 cm. Results All the flaps survived completely with primary healing both in donor and recipient area. 12 cases(13 fingers)were followed up for 1-3 years. The flaps color was similar to the unaffected fingers. Cicatricial contracture happened in one case due to contracture of palmar fascia.The two-point discrimination distance on flap was 3.2-5. 3mm. The active and passive movement of finger joints was evaluated as excellent in 12 fingers, good in one finger. There was no complaint about the feeling at the donor site. Two months after operation, all patients could go back to work. Conclusions The reverse radial hypothenar flap is very suitable for finger soft tissue defect with less morbidity to donor site.     

改良掌背动脉穿支皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的 探讨吻合皮神经改良掌背动脉穿支皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的方法及临床疗效.方法 2005年1月至2008年3月收治31例38指软组织缺损患者,男26例31指,女5例7指;年龄14～66岁,平均29.6岁.其中示指11指,中指18指,环指6指,小指3指.31例中9例伴肌腱断裂(伸肌腱断裂6例,屈肌腱断裂3例),其中伸肌腱缺损3指;伴中节指骨骨折5例.缺损范围为1.0cm×0.8 cm～3.2 cm×2.5 cm.缺损平面均位于近侧指间关节以远,应用不带掌背动脉全长的掌背动脉远端穿支逆行岛状皮瓣修复,皮瓣血管蒂的旋转点由传统指蹼游离缘近侧1.5 cm背侧改至掌侧,并吻合指背神经.皮瓣切取范围1.2 cm×1.0 cm～3.5 cm×2.8 cm.供区直接缝合或游离植皮.结果 术后3例皮瓣远端出现张力性水疱表皮结痂,经换药后愈合;其余皮瓣顺利成活,皮瓣及供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合.28例35指术后获3～25个月(平均15.3个月)随访.皮瓣质地柔软,外观饱满.两点辨别觉为6～9 mm,平均7.7 mm.术后8个月,手功能按手指总主动活动度法评定:优20指,良13指,可2指,优良率为94.3%.结论 吻合皮神经改良掌背动脉远端穿支逆行岛状皮瓣移植修复手指软组织缺损,疗效满意,是一种较好的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To report operative procedures and clinical results of repairing finger soft tissue defects with a modified reversed island flap pedicled on a perforating branch of the dorsal metacarpal artery. Methods From January 2005 to March 2008,we repaired 38 finger soft tissue defects in 31 patients (26 men and 5 women) with a modified reversed island flap pedicled on a distal perforating branch of the dorsal metacarpal artery and anastomosis of the cutaneous nerve.Their ages ranged from 14 to 66 years,with a mean of 29.6 years.Altogether 11 index,18 middle,6 ring and 3 little fingers were injured.Nine patients were complicated with rupture of tendons,3 with extenso-tendon defects and 5 with middle phalanx fractures.The defect areas ranged from 1.0 cm × 0.8 cm to 3.2 cm× 2.5 cm.The flap areas ranged from 1.2 cm× 1.0 cm to 3.5 cm× 2.8 cm.The flap did not carry a full length of the dorsal metacarpal artery but only the distal perforating branch of the artery.The rotating point of the flap pedicle was altered from the dorsal to the palmar side to extend the vessel pedicle.The donor sites were closed by suture or skin graft. Results Twenty-eight patients (35 fingers) were followed up for 3 to 25 months (mean,15.3 months) .All flaps survived with satisfactory appearance,sensation and function.All flaps and donor sites obtained primary healing.The two-point discrimination was 6 to 9 mm (mean,7.7 mm).According to Total Active Movement (TAM) evaluation system,the results were excellent in 20,good in 13 and fair in 2 fingers,with a good to excellent rate of 94.3％. Conclusion The modified reversed island flap pedicled on a distal perforating branch of the dorsal metacarpal artery and anastomosis of the cutaneous nerve is an easy,safe and effective treatment for finger soft tissue defects.     

同指顺行指动脉岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的探讨同指顺行指动脉岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床疗效。方法本组46例指端缺损患者,创面清创后急诊行顺行指固有动脉岛状皮瓣移位修复手指指端缺损。缺损范围为1．0cm×1．0cm×2．0cm×2．5cm。皮瓣设计于同指中远节掌侧桡侧半或尺侧半,以创缘为横轴,纵轴与所携带血管神经蒂平行,近端未超过中节指横纹,皮瓣两侧缘均不过中线。结果46例皮瓣全部成活,无静脉回流障碍,供区创面一期愈合,术后随访3～12个月,皮瓣外形满意、质地柔软、弹性好、色泽与正常接近,皮瓣不臃肿能耐寒,伤指无疼痛。两点辨别觉达6-10mm。手功能按综合评定法评定：优28指,良16指．可2指,优良率96％。结论同指顺行指动脉岛状皮瓣移位修复指端缺损,皮瓣供区靠近创面,手术方法简便,术后功能及外形满意,是治疗指端缺损的一种比较理想的术式。     

带神经的同指螺旋状顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 探讨带神经的同指螺旋状顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的手术效果.方法 2007年3月至2009年6月,对15例指端缺损的患者,在清创术后3～6 d,采用带神经的同指螺旋状顺行岛状皮瓣进行修复.指端皮肤缺损面积为1.5 cn×1.2 cm～2.2 cm×2.0 cm.供区中节指背创面取前臂内侧全厚皮片植皮修复.结果 术后15例皮瓣均未发生血管危象,皮瓣与皮片全部存活.15例随访时间为6～24个月,患指伸、屈功能正常,伤指无疼痛,皮瓣外形满意、质地柔软、有指纹,末节指端静止两点分辨觉为5～6 mm,指侧方静止两点分辨觉为8～10 mm.结论 带神经的同指螺旋状顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损,手术方法简单、可靠,效果满意,是修复指端缺损的一种理想的手术方法.     

掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨应用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复食、中、环、小指近、中节皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法对26例食、中、环、小指中近节皮肤缺损的病例，采用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复，设计的轴线为各指蹼背侧中点和两掌骨基底部汇合点连线，旋转点为距指蹼缘近侧约1．5cm，皮瓣解剖平面在深筋膜与伸肌腱之间。切取皮瓣最大为3．8cm×2.5cm，最小为1．8cm×0．8cm.结果26例全部成活，2例因血运障碍出现皮瓣远端部分坏死，经换药处理后愈合。术后随访2-10个月，皮瓣质地、外观满意，手部功能良好。结论掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣手术操作简便，损伤小，应用于手指近中节皮肤缺损的修复效果良好。     

指固有动脉不同节段背侧皮支为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复同指皮肤缺损

目的 探讨以指固有动脉不同节段背侧皮支为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复同指皮肤及软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 2005年6月至2008年6月,对45例52指手指皮肤缺损的患者,采用以指固有动脉背侧皮支为蒂的岛状皮瓣转移修复.结果 45例中除4指皮瓣远端部分坏死外,其余皮瓣全部成活,经4～8个月随访,功能及外观良好.吻合神经皮瓣的两点辨别觉为6.0～9.0 mm,平均7.4 mm.未吻合神经的皮瓣的两点辨别觉为8～10 mm,平均9 mm.植皮区无明显凹陷,5指轻度色素沉着,4指出现植皮边缘瘢痕挛缩,其中1指远侧指间关节约10°伸直受限,经理疗后未见缓解.2指出现供区瘢痕触痛,经理疗后部分缓解.在常温下和冰水中均未出现苍白、发凉.供指指腹感觉均为S_4.手功能按ATM法,优42指,良7指,可3指,优良率达92%.结论 该术式不损伤手指的主要动脉,是治疗手指皮肤缺损的一种可行的手术方法.     

游离第2趾胫侧皮瓣结合压力治疗修复指腹缺损

目的探讨应用游离第2趾胫侧皮辫结合压力治疗修复及指腹缺祯的临床疗效。方法对10例14指指腹软组织缺损，应用游离第2趾胫侧皮瓣修复。皮肤缺损面积最大约4．0cm×1．5cm，最小约1．5cm×1．0cm．平均约2．5cm×1．2cm。切取第2趾胫侧皮瓣面积最大约4．5cm×2．2cm，最小约2．0cm×1．5cm。术后2周，修复指佩带压力套接受24h压力治疗3个月。结果术后皮瓣全部成活，随访3～15个月，平均9个月。修复指腹肤色红润，质地良好。皮瓣与原手指皮肤交界处过渡自然，瘢痕不明显，修复指腹外形接近正常手指。指腹温暖，无畏寒。修复指腹2-PD8～15mm，平均11mm。足部供区一期愈合，无瘢痕挛缩等并发症。所有患者步态正常，无足部疼痛或行走不适感。小腿供区一期愈合。结论应用游离第2趾胫侧皮瓣结合压力治疗修复手指指腹缺损，不仅可以较好地恢复指腹的感觉和功能，而且可使外形接近正常手指，是修复此类损伤的理想方法。     

邻指近节指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的报道邻指近节指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复指体软组织缺损的方法。方法我科从2006年4月-2008年5月,对36例手指皮肤软组织缺损创面应用邻指近节指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣进行修复,本组顺行岛状皮瓣9例,逆行27例;其中12例皮瓣带有指固有神经背侧支。皮瓣切取面积为i．5cm×1．5cm-2．5cm×3．0cm。结果34例全部成活,2例部分坏死。随访2月-10月,手指外形好,质地柔软,耐磨,无触痛,静止两点辨别觉5-10mm,供区无明显并发症,指间关节活动正常。结论此术式不损伤手部的主要神经血管,不需吻合血管,皮瓣感觉恢复良好,是一种简单、实用的手术方法。