七叶皂苷钠对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期氧化应激和肺功能的影响

目的探讨七叶皂苷钠对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期氧化应激和肺功能的影响。方法120例符合COPD纳入标准的患者随机分为对照组60例和治疗组60例。所有患者均给予常规抗感染、吸氧、化痰和平喘等对症治疗,治疗组在常规对症治疗基础上加用七叶皂苷钠。两组均于治疗前及治疗后2周测定血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）以及总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）,同时进行肺功能和6min步行距离（6MWD）检测,并与60名健康体检者（健康组）进行比较。结果治疗组总有效率91．67％（55／60）,对照组总有效率76．67％（46／60）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=5．065,P〈0．05）。治疗前对照组血清MDA（9．25±1．55）μmoL／L和治疗组（9．74±1．50）μmoL／L较健康组（2．06±0．29）μmoL／L高,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．001）,而血清SOD[对照组（91．14±9．54）kU／L、治疗组（90．61±8．01）kU／L]、GSH-Px[对照组（139．38±36．56）U／L、治疗组（137．57±34．19）U／L]、T-AOC[对照组（6．48±1．15）kU／L、治疗组（6．39±1．13）kU／L]水平较健康组[（116．63±6．57）kU／L、（189．34±35．54）U／L、（13．34±1．23）kU／L]低,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．001）。治疗后两组各指标较治疗前均有所改善（P〈0．001）,但治疗后治疗组血清MDA[（4．56±1．39）μmol/L]与对照组[（5．85±1．37）μmoL／L]比较明显下降,差异有统计学意义（t=6．517,P〈0．001）,血清SOD[（103．85±7．07）kU／L]、GSH-Px[（169．65±34．51）U／L]、T-AOC[（10．52±1．09）kU／L]水平,第1秒用力呼气容秽用力肺活量（FEV1／FVC）[（60．49±6．11）％],FEV1占预计值％[（76．62±6．35）％]以及6MWD[（394．83±10．11）m]与对照组[分别为（97．99±6．24）kU／L、（156．33±38．31）U／L、（8．82±1．41）kU／L、（53．84±2．97）％、（67．86±4．58）％、（331．19±11．03）m]比较明显升高,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为6．574、2．738、7．137、6．574、6．517、21．198,P均〈0．001）。结论氧化应激参与了COPD急性加重期的病理生理过程,七叶皂苷钠可能通过减轻COPD急性加重期患者氧化应激水平改善肺功能。     

争取获得慢性阻塞性肺病及哮喘更理想的诊断与治疗

本文讨论慢性阻塞性肺病厦哮喘发病机制的现代观点及诊断治疗的新策略，争取获得更理想的管理水平。     

乙酰半胱氨酸辅助治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的疗效及其对氧化应激、肺功能的影响

目的：观察和分析N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）辅助治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重（AECOPD）患者的疗效及对氧化应激、肺功能的影响。方法选取100例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例,2组患者均给予常规对症治疗,观察组在此基础上给予口服NAC治疗。根据2组患者治疗前、后临床症状的变化进行疗效评价;对2组患者治疗前后的第一秒钟用力呼气容积（FEV1）、第一秒钟用力呼吸容积占用力肺活量的比值（FEV1/FEC％）和FEV1占预计值百分比等肺功能指标进行检测;对2组患者血清标本中的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GSH-ST ）活力、抑制羟自由基能力和抗超氧阴离子自由基能力等抗氧化应激指标进行检测。结果经治疗,2组的临床有效率分别为94％和72％,观察组的临床有效率显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）,而且观察中疗效为“显效”的患者比例显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）,疗效为“有效”或“无效”的患者比例显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）;2组患者的各项肺功能指标均较治疗前显著提高（P＜0．05）,而且治疗后观察组患者的各项肺功能指标均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）;2组患者的各项抗氧化应激指标均较治疗前显著提高（P＜0．05）,而且治疗后观察组患者的各项抗氧化应激指标均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论应用NAC辅助治疗AECOPD具有显著的疗效,可显著改善患者的肺功能,缓解患者的氧化应激反应。     

A panel of multiple markers associated with chronic systemic inflammation and the risk of atherogenesis is detectable in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both lung diseases involving chronic inflammation of the airway. The injury is reversible in asthma whereas it is mostly irreversible in COPD. Both patients of asthma and COPD are known at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), nephropathy, and cancer. We measured multiple risk markers for atherogenesis in 55 patients with asthma and 62 patients with COPD. We wanted to know whether risk markers for atherogenesis corresponding to sequence of events of chronic inflammation were also detectable in the airway inflammatory diseases. Elevation of almost all markers involving inflammation of the endothelial cells in the coronary artery were detectable in asthma and COPD involving the inflammation of the epithelial cell lining of the airway. Both the level and % elevation of all markers were found mostly higher in COPD, the more severe form of the lung disease. We believe that these markers are useful for predicting risk of developing clinical complications such as CVD.     

大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合无创正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血氧状态及氧化应激指标的影响

目的 探讨大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床效果.方法 选取2017年6月至2020年12月收治的70例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(35例)和观察组(35例).对照组给予常规剂量盐酸氨溴索联合无创正压通气治疗,观察组应用大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合无创正压通气治疗....     

Estimated prevalences of respiratory symptoms,asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related to detection rate in primary health care

Objective To investigate whether advice from a person's social network triggers contact with the general practitioner (GP).

Design Case-crossover design comparing the frequency of advice given to seek medical attention in the period before contact with a GP and the frequency in matching control time periods for the same individual.

Setting Twenty-one Danish GPs working in single-handed practices.

Subjects 322 patients, aged between 18 and 91 years, were interviewed by telephone after an unscheduled visit to their GP; 148 were interviewed again 3–6 months later.

Main outcome measures The odds of individuals consulting their GP after receiving advice from network members in the period before they contacted their GP compared with the odds of those consulting their GP in the control period(s).

Results Being advised by others to seek medical attention increased the likelihood of seeking primary health care approximately fivefold – single men received advice significantly less frequently (7%) than women (18%) and cohabiting men (32%).

Conclusion Advice from other social network members to seek medical attention is a frequent and influential cue prompting individuals to contact their GP.     

Prolidase activity dysregulation and its correlation with oxidative-antioxidative status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a consequence of an underlying chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is usually progressive and causes dysregulation in the metabolism of collagen. Prolidase has an important role in the recycling of proline for collagen synthesis and cell growth. Objective: We measured and compared prolidase activity in healthy individuals with COPD patients to find out that whether its activity might reflect disturbances of collagen metabolism in the patients. We also investigated oxidative–antioxidative status and its relationship with prolidase activity in this disease. Methods: Thirty voluntary patients with COPD and 30 healthy control subjects with similar age range and sex were included into the study. Plasma prolidase activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were measured in the patient and control groups. Results: Plasma prolidase activity and TAC levels were significantly lower, and LPO levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in the control subjects (P<0.05, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively). Significant correlations were detected between plasma prolidase activity and TAC and LPO levels in the patients group (r=0.679, P<0.001; r=?426, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusions: The results suggest that oxidative–antioxidative balance and collagen turnover are altered by the development of COPD in human lungs, and prolidase activity may reflect disturbances of collagen metabolism in this pulmonary disease. Monitoring of plasma prolidase activity and oxidative–antioxidative balance may be useful in evaluating fibrotic processes and oxidative damage in the chronic inflammatory lung disease in human. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:8–13, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Evidence of an early physical activity reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Gouzi F, Préfaut C, Abdellaoui A, Vuillemin A, Molinari N, Ninot G, Caris G, Hayot M. Evidence of an early physical activity reduction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective

To compare the lifetime pattern of physical activity (PA) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and sedentary healthy subjects (SHS) using a PA questionnaire with a lifetime period of recall (Quantification de l'Activité Physique [QUANTAP] system), and to compare the pattern of PA reduction in COPD patients with the onset of breathlessness and other relevant clinical events in this disease (diagnosis, first rehabilitation, onset of smoking).

Design

Cross-sectional comparative study.

Settings

Outpatient university hospital and inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation center.

Participants

COPD patients (n=129; mean age ± SD, 61±10y; forced expiratory volume in 1s, 57±23%) and SHS (n=29; mean age ± SD, 61±5y; <150min·wk⁻¹ of moderate-vigorous PA).

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Lifetime PA was compared in COPD patients and SHS using the QUANTAP system. The patients with COPD and SHS underwent pulmonary function, exercise, and quadriceps endurance testing. The current PA level was assessed with a triaxial accelerometer and the Voorrips questionnaire. The age at the onset of breathlessness was also recorded.

Results

Accelerometry showed no significant difference between patients and SHS (in vector magnitude units, 136±56 vs 135±47; P=.95). Within the past 15 years, the cumulated PA level was not different for each 5-year period. Then, from the period of 16 to 40 years ago, it was systematically higher in patients compared with SHS (in metabolic equivalent/y⁻¹; median [interquartile range], 6973 [5400–12,207] vs 4248 [3545–5919]; P<.05). The COPD patients reduced their PA earlier than the SHS (45y vs 55y; P<.01), and the PA was dropped before the onset of breathlessness (45y vs 49y; P<.001).

Conclusions

The observation of an early PA reduction, preceding the onset of breathlessness, suggests the implication of prior pathologic mechanisms in the PA reduction of COPD patients.     

心型脂肪酸结合蛋白对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者早期心肌损伤评估的临床价值

目的探讨心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)与急性期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者心肌损伤的相关性,评价其筛查COPD患者早期心肌损伤的临床价值。方法收集2014年2⁶月确诊的急性期COPD住院患者38例为疾病研究组,急性期支气管炎患者20例为疾病对照组,健康体检者20例为健康对照组。检测所有入选者血清H-FABP,并同步测定住院患者血清TNI、CK-MB、CK、BNP水平,比较同时期的心电图、超声心动图、肺功能及血气分析结果,与H-FABP进行关联性分析。结果在38例COPD急性期患者中,有31例(81.6%)H-FABP阳性,7例(18.4%)H-FABP阴性,而健康及疾病对照组经检测均为阴性。AECOPD患者H-FABP阳性组与其阴性组比较:心电图异常率85.7%vs.33.3%;超声心动图提示右心肥大的概率66.7%vs.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺功能检查显示:急性加重期(AECOPD)患者H-FABP阳性组FEV1/FVC、FEV1%预计值均要显著低于阴性组(t=-3.42,P<0.05;t=-2.90,P<0.05)。对AECOPD患者进行病情分级,结果显示Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者H-FABP阳性率(100%)明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级组(40%),P=0.01,差异有统计学意义。与传统的心肌标记物相比,TNI、CK-MB、CK对急性期COPD患者心肌损伤的诊断阳性率极低(<5%)甚至为零,然而H-FABP阳性组相比阴性组,BNP水平(275.7±283.6)pg/ml vs.(35.1±28.8)pg/ml;TNI基线水平(0.015±0.024)ng/ml vs.(0.001±0.000)ng/ml,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论 H-FABP在评价急性期COPD心肌早期损伤中具有潜在的价值,其早期筛查方面要优于传统心肌指标如TNI、CK-MB、CK,可以作为COPD患者早期筛查心肌损伤、评估病情严重程度的灵敏指标。     

老年COPD患者肋骨衰竭性应力性骨折的探讨

目的结合国内外文献，分析老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）肋骨衰竭性应力骨折影像学特征及生物力学基础，旨在提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性总结了1999—2006年间的衰竭性应力骨折42例，男性32例，女性10例。42例均进行X线检查，10例不典型者随后行ECT、MRI、CT检查。结果32例为单纯平片诊断，10例平片结合ECT、MRI、CT诊断。42例中，共51处骨折，其中40处发生在第6～8肋骨，占总数的78．4％，左侧30处，右侧21处，单发33例，多发9例。锁骨中点皮质厚度小于0．32cm者23例中多发骨折者9例。骨折多为横行，无或轻度移位，并有少量骨痂形成。结论老年COPD肋骨衰竭性应力骨折通常根据临床和X线平片即可明确诊断，疑难病例或早期诊断应结合ECT、MRI和CT扫描。     

Fatigue in chronic illness: the experience of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with asthma

Although fatigue has been identified as a major problem for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with asthma, no research was found in which the symptom was directly studied in persons with these conditions. From studies carried out on various patient populations, it appears that fatigue has some specificity to disease state. Thus, it is important to describe the experience of fatigue within patient populations. To expand theoretical understanding of fatigue, qualitative research methods need to be applied. The purpose of this study therefore was to describe and compare the fatigue experiences of persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=17) and with asthma (n=19). Data were obtained by use of a semi-structured questionnaire and were content analysed for categories and themes. There were many similarities between the fatigue experiences of the two groups. Fatigue is inextricably linked to laboured breathing. Although it interferes with their ability to carry out meaningful activities, the majority of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma cope well with it. The informants identified two types of coping strategies they use to manage their situation, which may be categorized as: problem-focused, including energy conservation, utilization and restoration; and emotion-focused, including being positive, accepting the physical limitations, distracting and normalizing.     

肺结核患儿血清对氧磷酶活性与氧化应激指标的改变及其临床意义

目的探讨肺结核患儿血清对氧磷酶(PON1)活性与氧化应激指标的改变及其临床意义。方法连续性随机选取本院收治的肺结核患儿80例,综合分析患儿血清总氧化态(TOS)、总抗氧化态(TAS)和氧化应激指数(OSI)等氧化应激指标与PON1水平的改变及其相关性。结果肺结核患儿TAS明显低于对照组[(1.8±1.1)、(2.3±1.9)μmoL Trolox Eq/L,P0.05],而TOS和OSI明显高于对照组[(25.9±18.4)、(9.8±5.6)μmoL H2O2Eq/L,(13.3±7.7)、(4.5±2.1),P0.05]。在血清PON1水平方面,肺结核组明显低于对照组[(16.9±12.1)、(25.5±14.3)U/L,P0.05]。通过Pearson和Sperman相关性分析可见,PON1与TAS呈正相关(r=0.303,P0.05),与TOS和OSI呈负相关(rTOS=-0.283,rOSI=-0.228,P0.05)。结论肺结核患儿体内处于高氧化应激状态,同时PON1水平明显下降。