容灾技术在医院信息化建设中的应用研究

目的:探索建立医院信息系统(HIS)核心业务系统应用级别的容灾架构与模式。方法:从容灾相关概念与技术指标、容灾的目标与分类、容灾规范、容灾技术与关键技术分析以及容灾系统建设方案与选择入手,通过容灾技术与容灾系统的深入研究,从低级到高级设计出多种医院信息系统容灾架构与模式。结果:选择适合的容灾模式,可以达到容灾应用要求,做到数据0丢失、服务0中断、业务0间断。结论:一地两中心的"2+2"模式在现实中具有实现成本低、容灾级别高、实用的优点,值得推广应用。     

信息系统容灾技术的应用设计与比较

目的：探索减轻任何不可预知事件对信息系统正常运行灾难性影响的容灾方案,提高数据管理的安全性、可靠性。方法：根据医院信息化建设的实际情况,针对存储镜像、主机镜像、数据库镜像技术等3种容灾技术的原理和特点,进行了分析和比较。结果：基于存储镜像技术的客灾技术,具有可支持各种应用和操作系统、故障恢复机制简单、易于操作、管理方便、性价比合理的特点。结论：根据具体需求,合理地选择一种或综合采用多种容灾技术,这样才能建设成安全、可靠的信息系统容灾体系。     

医院信息系统容灾方案的设计与实现

目的设计一套针对医院信息系统(HIS)的容灾方案。方法采用冗余备份技术、集群技术,来实现HIS的数据容灾和应用容灾。结果该方案在医院使用后,多次有效地避免了由各种原因引起的数据丢失和应用中断事件的发生。结论该设计方案简单有效,使HIS具备了数据容灾和应用容灾的能力,保证了医院业务的连续性和高可用性。     

医院信息系统容灾方案的设计与实施

目的：设计一套针对医院信息系统的容灾方案。方法：采用冗余备份技术、双机热备技术、集群和负载均衡技术,来实现医院信息系统的数据容灾和应用容灾。结果：设计方案达到了数据容灾和应用容灾的效果,一定程度上保证了业务的连续性。结论：提高了系统的可靠性和可用性。     

大型医院信息系统的容灾设计和应用

容灾的实质是通过各种容灾技术和手段保持信息系统业务的持续性。本文介绍了我院信息系统的容灾设计和10余年的运行经验,总结出了适合大型医院使用的容灾系统设计方案,并详细说明其了原理和实现过程。     

建立存储容灾保医用数据安全

近年来医疗信息化发展迅猛,各种医用信息系统相继上线。各种患者的病历、病理、检验和检查都由传统的纸质或胶片报告,统一变成了数字化信息。随之而来的是数据量不断增多,所储存的数据也变得极其重要。所以,现今医用数据的备份和容灾已经成为了医疗机构面临的重要问题之一。备份和容灾也就成为医疗信息化当中不可或缺的部分。建立完善的备份和容灾方案是势在必行。本文简要地介绍了在医疗机构内,存储系统的容灾备份方案的设计和实施。     

医院信息系统容灾技术浅谈

目的：提高医院信息系统数据的容灾抗灾能力,保障医院数据安全。方法：针对数据容灾相关技术的特点进行分析和比较。结果：各种容灾技术均有相应的优缺点,实现应用级别的容灾应全面考量,选择最优方案。结论：只有建立应用容灾才能解决数据安全,保障医院业务的持续性。     

以改革创新精神重建灾区卫生体系——将卫生体系重建列为新医改试点

目前，汶川地震灾区开始进入灾后恢复重建时期，卫生系统的对口援建任务已经明确，援建地区积极组织筹集物资、设备、资金以及对人员的培训。然而，卫生体系的重建不仅仅是资金、设备、人员的简单结合，更不是对以前体系的简单恢复，能否将医改方案中的一些研究思路和成果运用于灾后重建当中，本刊记者采访的有关专家认为，这应是一种尝试，更是一种贡献。     

震后重建工程两种结构比较

汶川大地震后，浙江省承担了青川县的灾后重建任务。在对卫生机构的灾后重建设计时，浙江赴川灾后指挥部考虑到时间紧迫、余震频发对工程施工进度和质量的影响，提出能否采用钢结构作为主体形式，以期能尽快改善当前该地区医疗卫生环境恶劣的局面。青川县黄坪卫生院是灾后的首个重建项目，其结构形式的分析与选择，对后续项目有着重要的现实意义和指导意义。为此，我们特就该项目的钢结构方案与钢筋砼结构方案作了综合性能分析，希望能帮助重建指挥部以及其它类似建筑作出正确抉择。     

医院信息系统容灾备份的方案探讨

随着医院信息系统的不断发展,数据资源变得越来越宝贵,数据更是成为影响医院生存和发展的关键。本文以医院信息系统现状为基础,分析探讨如今主流的数据备份和容灾方案的系统架构,结合其优缺点,寻找出适合医院现状的备份容灾方案。     

肥胖对中小学生生理机能与常见疾病的影响

目的 使用2009年、2012年、2015年3个年份的样本量来分析重庆地区在2009—2015年间的肥胖检出情况、肥胖对学生的身体机能和常见疾病的影响情况,为改善学生生理机能、降低相关疾病寻找依据和方法。方法 通过分析2009年、2012年、2015年重庆市学生体质健康监测的累加数据,观察肥胖对学生血压、肺活量、肺活量指数、视力等身体机能的影响以及对近视、龋齿等常见疾病的影响。结果 2009年、2012年、2015年学生累计样本数为202 235人,体质量指数为肥胖的学生9 529人,肥胖率为4.71%,其中男生肥胖率为5.79%,女生肥胖率为3.73%,男生肥胖率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=473.66,P<0.01);城市学生肥胖率为5.88%,乡村学生肥胖率为3.66%,城市学生肥胖率高于乡村学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=551.30,P<0.01)。在生理功能方面,非肥胖组学生右眼视力、左眼视力、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量、肺活量指数均优于肥胖组学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肥胖组学生龋失补总牙数均值与非肥胖组学生比较,差值为-0.22颗/人,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.31,P<0.01);肥胖组与非肥胖组的龋齿检出率分别为13.43%和20.54%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=113.34,P<0.01);肥胖组近视检出率右眼左眼分别为57.45%、 57.00%,非肥胖组近视检出率右眼左眼分别为51.86%、51.47%,肥胖组近视检出率与非肥胖组近视检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2右眼=113.34,P<0.01;χ2左眼=109.11,P<0.01)。结论 2009年、2012年、2015年重庆市中小学生肥胖检出率均处于一个较低水平,肥胖表现出了显著的性别间、城乡间差异;肥胖易使学生视力降低、血压升高、肺功能储备降低。     

Heavy Metals in Aquatic Macrophytes from Two Small Rivers Polluted by Urban,Agricultural and Textile Industry Sewages SW Poland

This article presents the results from a study of the comparison of 2 lowland rivers: the Olobok and the Pilawa in southwest Poland polluted by urban, agricultural, and textile industry sewages. pH and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfate were measured in water samples and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, and Zn were measured in stream bottom sediments and in the aquatic macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Callitriche verna, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton natans, and Ceratophyllum demersum from the river Olobok and Elodea canadensis, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton crispus, and Veronica beccabunga from the river Pilawa. The matrix of concentrations of 16 elements in 27 plant samples of 7 species from 15 sampling sites of 2 rivers and concentrations of 15 elements and pH in water samples and 16 elements and pH in bottom sediment samples of these sites was submitted to numerical classification, which revealed that sampling sites from the rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1 of principal component analysis (PCA), which was related to the pH of water, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Ni in water and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, and S in bottom sediments. More polluted parts of both rivers were differentiated from less polluted parts by the value of factor 2 of PCA, which was related to Pb, Zn, and sulfates in water and Ca and Zn in bottom sediments. Macrophytes from the Olobok and Pilawa rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1, which was related to Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, N, Na, Pb, and S. Groups of macrophytes of more and less polluted parts of both rivers differed by the value of factor 2, which was related to P, K, and Mn. Downstream of the sewage outputs in both rivers, a significantly increased level of pollution occurs with elements correlated with factor 1: Among others were Cu and Cr, typical for the textile industry along the river Pilawa, and among others were Mn and Ni, typical for the urban and agricultural activities in the river Olobok.     

深圳市一般妇女生殖道感染状况及其影响因素分析

目的:了解深圳市妇女生殖道感染(RTI)流行情况,分析其中全市一般人群(一般人群)与罗湖区受检人群(罗湖区人群)RTI流行情况及其影响因素,寻求普通人群RTI的防治办法。方法:通过问卷调查生物学特征及其他相关情况;妇科检查阴道、宫颈情况,取相应分泌物及抽取静脉血分别进行相关病原体实验室检查;用SPSS10.0软件进行统计描述和判断。结果:①深圳市一般人群RTI感染率(25.5%)与我国其他地区研究结果一致,而罗湖区人群RTI感染率(17.6%)则明显低于全市水平;②宫颈感染的危险因素为年龄≤25岁、未婚、近3个月有新性伴及没有使用避孕套,阴道感染中滴虫感染的危险因素为年龄≤25岁、初次性生活年龄<18岁、未婚,高中以上文化程度者患细菌性阴道病和念珠菌性阴道炎的可能性较小;③罗湖区人群对部分RTI症状的认知程度明显高于一般人群。结论:加强对RTI、AIDS防治的健康教育工作,在各个不同层面开展多种形式的RTI、AIDS防治知识教育是提高一般人群对RTI、AIDS认识,减少疾病发生和传播的重要因素;积极开展生殖健康普查、普治工作,尽早发现无症状RTI病人并进行规范治疗,是阻断疾病发展、传播,减少并发症发生和HIV感染机会的重要环节。     

Age-Associated Glia Remodeling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration: Antioxidant Supplementation as a Possible Intervention

Aging induces substantial remodeling of glia, including density, morphology, cytokine expression, and phagocytic capacity. Alterations of glial cells, such as hypertrophy of lysosomes, endosomes and peroxisomes, and the progressive accumulation of lipofuscin, lipid droplets, and other debris have also been reported. These abnormalities have been associated with significant declines of microglial processes and reduced ability to survey the surrounding tissue, maintain synapses, and recover from injury. Similarly, aged astrocytes show reduced capacity to support metabolite transportation to neurons. In the setting of reduced glial activity, stressors and/or injury signals can trigger a coordinated action of microglia and astrocytes that may amplify neuroinflammation and contribute to the release of neurotoxic factors. Oxidative stress and proteotoxic aggregates may burst astrocyte-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus activating microglia, favoring microgliosis, and ultimately making the brain more susceptible to injury and/or neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the contribution of microglia and astrocyte oxidative stress to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, highlight the pathways that may help gain insights into their molecular mechanisms, and describe the benefits of antioxidant supplementation-based strategies.     

医疗机构消化内镜清洗消毒历史和现状调查

目的了解国内医疗机构消化内镜清洗消毒历史及现状。方法采用问卷调查方法,对中国部分省市医疗机构消化内镜清洗消毒历史、现状进行调查与分析。结果全国11个省市共278所医疗机构参与调查,其中1986、2005、2015年信息填写完整的医疗机构分别为78、175、278所。清洗人员由医生、护士和工人组成,其中护士和工人两者结合的医疗机构由1986年的2.56%上升至2015年的23.74%。1986年100%的医疗机构使用存储水进行消化内镜的清洗;2005、2015年均使用流动自来水清洗,且2005年有30.29%使用过滤水或纯化水清洗,2015年50.72%的医疗机构使用过滤水,17.63%使用纯化水进行消化内镜的清洗。1986年均未使用清洗酶,2015年已有98.92%的医疗机构使用酶液清洗消化内镜;1986年消化内镜孔道冲洗以简单冲洗为主(94.87%),2015年以强化冲洗(34.53%)和自动化冲洗(53.24%)为主。2005年及之前消化内镜清洗消毒90%不记录或采用人工记录,2015年采用信息化追溯系统的机构占36.33%。结论国内医疗机构消化内镜清洗人员配备、清洗用水质量、高效消毒剂的选用、监测及记录操作程序等方面较1986、2005年均有很大程度地提高,清洗消毒逐渐规范,消化内镜消毒灭菌方法趋于多元化。     

Cancer and other causes of death among male and female farmers from twenty-three states

Occupation and industry codes on death certificates from 23 states for 1984–1988 were used to evaluate mortality risks among white and nonwhite, male and female farmers. Proportionate mortality and proportionate cancer mortality ratios were calculated using deaths among nonfarmers from the same states to generate expected numbers. Among farmers there were 119,648 deaths among white men, 2,400 among white women, 11,446 among nonwhite men, and 2,066 among nonwhite women. Deficits occurred in all race-sex groups for infective and parasitic diseases, all cancer combined, lung cancer, liver cancer, diseases of the nervous system, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, and emphysema. As reported in other studies, white male farmers had excesses of cancer of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system, lip, eye, brain, and prostate. Excesses of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, bone, and thyroid were new findings. Regional patterns were evident, particularly among white men. Significant excesses for accidents, vascular lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), and cancers of the prostate tended to occur in most geographic regions, while excesses for mechanical suffocation, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the lip, brain, and the lymphatic and hematopoietic system were limited to the Central states. Increases among nonwhite men were similar to those in white men for some causes of death (vascular lesions of the CNS and cancers of the pancreas and prostate), but were absent for others (lymphatic and hematopoietic system, lip, eye, kidney, and brain). Women (white and nonwhite) had excesses for vascular lesions of the CNS, disease of the genitourinary system (white women only), and cancers of the stomach and cervix (nonwhite women only). Cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx was slightly elevated among women, and white women had nonsignificant excesses of multiple myeloma and leukemia. Excesses for leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurred among white men and women, but not among nonwhites. Excesses for several types of accidental deaths were seen among all race-sex groups. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

科技期刊视听内容的生产、发掘和传播的发展与实践探索

【目的】 探讨视听内容的生产、发掘和传播中存在的主要问题和解决方案,为提升视听内容的全面性、内涵性、专业性以及影响力的可持续性实践提供参考和借鉴。【方法】 采用文献查询、网络调研等方法,对代表性期刊的视听内容进行整理、归纳。以《中山大学学报(自然科学版)》“天琴计划”专题为例,按照全面性和内涵性输出原则,建立视听内容的知识结构。围绕特色人物、特定问题、特别事件、特质成果,开展视听内容层次化、共享平台立体化、学术圈层化等方面的实践。【结果】 视听内容建设在以科学价值为首要宗旨、具象表达先进的原创内容,以整体和内涵性为基础、合理关联和扩充视听素材,通过关系匹配兴趣耦合、实现精准推送和分众传播方面有待探讨和完善。【结论】 视听内容的发展趋势是知识结构化、内容层次化、共享平台立体化和学术圈层化。知识的结构化、内容的层次化带动了关系认同、专业认同和学术圈层化,使得专刊的视听内容垂直化生产、专业化发展。此外,共享平台的即时更新机制可激发视听内容的活力,产生一定的持续效应。     

The social consequences of occupational injuries and illnesses

BACKGROUND: Most outcome studies of occupational injuries and illnesses have tended to focus on direct economic costs and duration of work disability. Rarely have the broader social consequences of work-related disorders or their impacts on injured workers' families, coworkers, and community been investigated. This paper examines a wide range of social consequences including workers' psychological and behavioral responses, vocational function, and family and community relationships. METHODS: Literature review and development of conceptual framework. RESULTS: Complex and multifactorial relationships are described whereby occupational injuries and illnesses produce a variety of social consequences involving filing and administration of workers' compensation insurance claims, medical care experiences, domestic function and activities of daily living, psychological and behavioral responses, stress, vocational function, rehabilitation and return to work, and equity and social justice. CONCLUSION: A research agenda is proposed for guiding future investigations in this field.     

Nutritional and functional components of non centrifugal cane sugar: A compilation of the data from the analytical literature

Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) (panela, jaggery, kokuto, etc.) is a traditional sweetener of increasingly economic importance after a long process of displacement by refined sugar. By searching the analytical literature with the different local names of NCS (jaggery, gur, kokuto, panela, chancaca, piloncillo, rapadura, muscovado, unrefined sugar, black sugar) as key-words, this review identified the published data on its content of 7 proximate, 14 minerals, and 13 vitamins so to calculate its average and median values, as well as list its contents of potentially relevant functional components like phenolics, amino acids, complex sugars and others. The forty-two publications on chemical content and properties found to show that NCS has nutritionally and functionally significant quantities of minerals, vitamins and phenolics, among other constituents, as well as antioxidant capacities. This justifies its inclusion in food composition databases and in reviews of antioxidant properties and phenolic contents of foods. Higher awareness of the nutritional and functional properties of NCS could increase scientific, nutritional and health interest in this food.     

The prevalence of homosexual behavior and attraction in the United States,the United Kingdom and France: Results of national population-based samples

Researchers determining the prevalence of homosexuality in nationally representative samples have focused upon determining the prevalence of homosexual behavior, ignoring those individuals whose sexual attraction to the same sex had not resulted in sexual behavior. We examine the use of sexual attraction as well as sexual behavior to estimate the prevalence of homosexuality in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France using the Project HOPE International Survey of AIDS-Risk Behaviors. We find that 8.7, 7.9, and 8.5% of males and 11.1, 8.6, and 11.7% of females in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, respectively, report some homosexual attraction but no homosexual behavior since age 15. Further, considering homosexual behavior and homosexual attraction as different but overlapping dimensions of homosexuality, we find 20.8, 16.3, and 18.5% of males, and 17.8, 18.6, and 18.5% of females in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France report either homosexual behavior or homosexual attraction since age 15. Examination of homosexual behavior separately finds that 6.2, 4.5, and 10.7% of males and 3.6, 2.1, and 3.3% of females in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, respectively, report having had sexual contact with someone of the same sex in the previous 5 years. Our findings highlight the importance of using more than just homosexual behavior to examine the prevalence of homosexuality.