The Allografted Parathyroid Gland: Evaluation of Function in the Immunosuppressed Host

Parathyroid autografts were performed in 19 random bred mongrels and parathyroid allografts were exchanged between seven random bred mongrels. Three pairs of siblings from a beagle colony were immunosuppressed and parathyroid allografts exchanged between them. The parathyroid autografts were successful, while parathyroid allografts failed on all occasions in the non-immunosuppressed host. In immunosuppressed animals, however, the allografts were successful in five of six dogs. The success of parathyroid transplantation was determined by the following observations: 1) The experimental animal, having grafted parathyroid tissue as the only source of hormone, maintained a normal or near normal serum calcium concentration. 2) Following removal of the parathyroid graft, there was an immediate fall in the serum calcium concentration associated with tetany and/or death. 3) Histological study of the grafted gland revealed normal architecture, and 4) Radioimmunoassay of extracted grafts revealed moderate to large quantities of parathyroid hormone.     

Simultaneous Medullary and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Level Analysis of an Increasingly Common Entity

Background

Simultaneous medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a rare entity. This is the first population-level analysis of the characteristics and outcomes of simultaneous MTC/DTC.

Methods

In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1988?C2008), patients with simultaneous MTC/DTC were retrospectively compared with those with MTC alone using ??², ANOVA, log-rank tests, Cox multivariate regression, and Kaplan?CMeier analyses.

Results

A total of 162 patients had simultaneous MTC/DTC; 1,699 had MTC alone. MTC was diagnosed first in 67.9?% of simultaneous MTC/DTC cases. Simultaneous MTC/DTC increased from 2.7?% of all MTCs in 1988?C1997 to 12.3?% in 2003?C2008. Compared with MTC alone, simultaneous MTC/DTC had smaller mean MTC tumor size (2.9 vs. 2.2?cm; p?=?0.005) and lower rates of MTC extrathyroidal extension (25.4 vs. 16.8?%; p?=?0.015) and distant metastases (15.7 vs. 9.3?%; p?=?0.032). Patients diagnosed with DTC first had smaller mean MTC tumor sizes (p?=?0.01), whereas patients diagnosed with MTC first had tumor sizes similar to those of MTC alone. Compared with MTC alone, patients with simultaneous MTC/DTC were more likely to receive thyroidectomy (84.7 vs. 93.2?%; p?=?0.003) and radioisotopes (4.4 vs. 25?%; p?p?=?0.056).

Conclusions

Simultaneous MTC/DTC is diagnosed earlier in tumor development than MTC alone, with a trend toward better prognosis. This entity likely represents a primary tumor with an incidental pathologic finding of a second malignancy. Each malignancy should be treated according to its respective stage and current guidelines.     

胰胆管合流异常的临床意义

目的　探讨胆总管下端、胰管汇合处解剖异常的临床意义。方法　对 45例尸体的胆胰管汇合部进行大体解剖和显微镜下观察 ,并结合临床进行讨论。结果　正常胆总管下端是以 ( 4 1.4± 5.3 )°斜行插入十二指肠降部的后内侧处 ,并受到该处十二指肠粘膜形成的横皱襞保护。十二指肠乳头周围憩室可改变斜行插入关系 ;正常主胰管是以( 2 8.5± 7.9)°斜行插入胆总管 ,且是在十二指肠壁内段交汇 ,共同通道长 0 .5～ 1.5cm ,并有较明显的扩张。结论　主胰管与胆总管是以小角度汇合 ,一些不正常的解剖因素可改变这种斜行插入关系 ,可能是造成胆源性胰腺炎的原因     

Infirmity and Injury Complexity are Risk Factors for Surgical-site Infection after Operative Fracture Care

Background  

Orthopaedic surgical-site infections prolong hospital stays, double rehospitalization rates, and increase healthcare costs. Additionally, patients with orthopaedic surgical-site infections (SSI) have substantially greater physical limitations and reductions in their health-related quality of life. However, the risk factors for SSI after operative fracture care are unclear.     

Assessment of Proliferative Activity of Glandular Cells in Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Gland Using Flow Cytometric and Immunohistochemical Methods

p < 0.001). The %SPF determined by flow cytometry was consistently higher than both the BrdU LI and the Ki-67 LI. This discrepancy cannot be explained precisely, and further improvements are required for the flow cytometric analysis of %SPF. The cell cycle study by BrdU and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry suggested that the glandular cells of the hyperfunctioning parathyroid were characterized by low proliferative activity. No evidence of rapid cell turnover rate assumed from the flow cytometric study could be observed in the hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland.     

纳米炭负显影及甲状旁腺自体移植在甲状腺乳头状癌手术中的应用

目的探讨纳米炭混悬注射液负显影联合甲状旁腺自体移植对甲状旁腺保护的临床意义。 方法回顾性分析2014年5月至2017年05月收治的134例甲状腺乳头状癌(TPC)患者临床资料,将67例注射纳米炭混悬注射液行甲状旁腺负显影及自体移植患者作为纳米炭组,67例常规手术患者作为对照组。应用SPSS17.0进行统计学处理,比较两组患者术后甲状旁腺误切率,手术后暂时性及永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率,采用χ²检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果纳米炭组甲状旁腺误切率10.44%(7/67)、暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率10.44%(7/67)、永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率4.47%(3/67)明显低于对照组31.34%(21/67)、31.34%(21/67)、21.89%(14/67)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论TPC根治术中通过纳米炭混悬注射液进行甲状旁腺负显影联合自体移植术,可有效减少甲状旁腺损伤,降低永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率,提高手术安全性。     

甲状腺手术喉返神经与甲状旁腺的识别与保护183例分析

目的:探讨甲状腺手术中识别与保护喉返神经与甲状旁腺的技术改进方法及其临床效果.方法:回顾性总结分析183例甲状腺手术病例,以暴露喉返神经方法分组:对照组81例,于甲状腺下动脉下方解剖暴露喉返神经;治疗组102例,以寻找Zuckerkandl结节为主要途径暴露喉返神经.比较两组病人术后喉返神经的损伤、甲状旁腺功能及并发症等方面情况.结果:治疗组102例均临床治愈,术后并发暂时声嘶1(0.9%)例.2例(1.9%)甲状腺次全切除术加颈廓清扫术后出现暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下,32例(31.3%)术后2 d内血钙水平较术前一过性降低.对照组81例有6例(7.4%)损伤喉返神经,4例(4.9%)出现甲状旁腺功能低下.两组差异有统计学意义.结论:甲状腺手术技巧的一系列改进,尤其是对喉返神经和甲状旁腺的识别和保护,可控制术中出血量,减少术后并发症,促进术后康复.     

The Predictive Factors for the Necessity of Operative Treatment in Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction Cases

Background: The timely diagnosis of adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) can frequently be a clinical dilemma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive factors for the necessity of operative treatment in adhesive SBO cases.

Method: The records of hospitalized adhesive SBO patients at Dicle University Hospital (DUH) between January 1998 and December 2001 were prospectively reviewed. The patients divided into two groups as a non-operative group (NOG) and an operative group (OG). The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features were evaluated as probable predictive factors for the timing of the surgical treatment. Predictive factors associated with the timing of the surgical treatment were determined using logistic regression models.

Results: A total of 180 patients [131(72.8%) male, 49(27.2%) female] with SBO were included in this study. One hundred and twenty patients (66.7%) were diagnosed with SBO and treated medically at the hospital. Sixty patients (33.3%) were diagnosed with SBO and underwent surgery. In univariate analyses, age (P = 0.008), length of period of symptoms (P < 0.001), high fever (P < 0.001), tachicardia (P < 0.001), tachypnea (P < 0.001), intractable pain (P < 0.001), hypo-active bowel sounds (P < 0.001), presence of rebound tenderness (P < 0.001), the persisting air-fluid levels in serial the plain abdominal radiographs (P < 0.001), leukocytosis (P < 0.001) and elevated CRP (P < 0.001) were found to be significantly associated with the predictive factors for the timing of operative treatment. In multivariate analyses, the presence of rebound tenderness [Odds Ratio (OR) = 57, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 3.5–922.4, p = 0.004], the persisting air-fluid levels (OR = 29, CI = 1.8–466.4, p = 0.018) were found significantly important as the predictive factors for the timing of operation.

Conclusion: Presence of rebound tenderness and the persisting air-fluid levels at admission or in hospital should be considered as predictive factors for the timing of an operation in adhesive SBO cases.     

Operative intervention for carotid restenosis is safe and effective.

Carotid stenting has been proposed as an alternative to reoperative carotid endarterectomy (rCEA) for recurrent carotid stenosis. The purpose of this study is to prove the safety, effectiveness and durability of reoperation in long term follow up of 18 years in a community hospital setting. From March 1988 to April 2005 80 patients, 46 men and 34 women (mean age: 64.1 years) underwent a total of 83 operations. Symptomatic recurrent stenosis (>70%) was the indication in 32, asymptomatic high-grade stenosis (>80%) in 49, intimal flap in one and fibromuscular dysplasia (F.M.D), in one. The initial operation was carotid endarterectomy with primary closure in 60 and prosthetic patch in 23. The mean recurrences were at 23.3 months in 33 with myointimal hyperplasia, 105.4 months in 29 with recurrent atherosclerosis, 61.4 months in 19 with both hyperplasia and atherosclerosis, 2 months in one with intimal flap and 8 months in one with F.M.D bands. Reoperation utilized primary closure (3), vein patch (14), prosthetic patch (55), Gore-Tex interposition grafts (7), vein interposition grafts (3) and intraoperative dilation (1). No perioperative strokes or deaths occurred. One patient died from cardiac complications following combined rCEA and coronary artery bypass grafting. Operative morbidity consisted of reversible nerve injury (5), irreversible recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (1) and hematoma requiring evacuation (3). During follow up (3-153 months; mean: 50.9) carotid occlusion resulted in mild ipsilateral stroke in one patient, and one non-hemispheric stroke. There were 26 late deaths due to all causes, one due to CVA. Eight patients required reoperation (mean 53.4 months). Seven of these were hypertensive. Kaplan-Meier analysis of long-term follow up shows relatively high stroke free rates; at 153 months (12.75 years) the hemispheric stroke free rate was 98.67% and the all-stroke free rate was 95.85%. The survival estimate following redo surgery was 69.97% at 5 years and 40.23% at 10 years. We found that individuals on statin therapy (p-value=0.0042), and those on combination of statin and aspirin (p-value=0.0320), had significantly increased interval between primary and secondary operation. Increased age was correlated to a decreased time to redo surgery (p-value=<0.0001). We conclude that reoperation for recurrent carotid stenosis using standard vascular techniques is safe, effective, durable and cost effective. It should continue to be the mainstay of treatment when secondary intervention is required. Statins have a salutary effect on durability of the procedure and should be used when indicated.     

当前重症急性胰腺炎手术指征及术式选择

近年来在重症急性胰腺炎 (ｓｅｖｅｒｅａｃｕｔｅｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ ,ＳＡＰ)的治疗中早期采用非手术治疗原则已趋于明确 ,但对于胆源性ＳＡＰ、某些非胆源性ＳＡＰ(多为暴发性急性胰腺炎 )及ＳＡＰ保守治疗后期有严重并发症的患者 ,手术可能仍是一个重要的治疗手段 ,现就有关手术治疗中手术指征及其术式选择综述如下。1　手术指征及手术时机选择手术指征随着对ＳＡＰ病程和发病转归的认识而改变。过去认为胰腺坏死必然感染 ,感染产生并发症 ,导致死亡率增高 ,故而有胰腺坏死应该越早手术越好 ,切除越彻底越好。通过多年的临床实践 …     

髋关节骨性关节炎的分期与手术方法选择

我们对1977～1990年间的74例髋关节骨性关节炎(OAH)。根据Harlan C.Amstutz等对此病进行的早、中、晚的分期,为达到良好的治疗效果,对各期分别采用不同的手术方式,其中原发性43例,继发性31例。据随访结果表明,本组74例中效果属好与极好的共51例(70％)。