矽肺与NO、氧化及脂质过氧化关系的探讨

目的探讨矽肺与ＮＯ及氧化和脂质过氧化的关系。方法检测７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者的血浆ＮＯ、ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、β胡萝卜素（βＣＡＲ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）活力和ＬＰＯ含量。结果与对照组比较,矽肺组的血浆ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、βＣＡＲ含量及红细胞ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＧＳＨＰｘ活力显著降低,血浆ＮＯ、ＬＰＯ含量及红细胞ＬＰＯ含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;各检测值与病程均有相关;血浆ＮＯ、ＶｉｔＥ含量及红细胞ＳＯＤ活力、ＬＰＯ含量与病程相关最密切。结论矽肺患者体内的ＮＯ代谢异常,氧化和脂质过氧化反应病理性加剧。     

一氧化氮等自由基对矽肺患者损伤效应的研究

检测７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者血浆一氧化氮（Ｐ－ＮＯ）、维生素Ｃ（Ｐ－ＶＣ）、维生素Ｅ（Ｐ－ＶＥ）、β－胡萝卜素（Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ）、过氧化脂质（Ｐ－ＬＰＯ）及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（Ｅ－ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（Ｅ－ＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｅ－ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）和过氧化脂质（Ｅ－ＬＰＯ）值的结果表明,与对照组比较,患者组Ｐ－ＶＣ、Ｐ－ＶＥ、Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＣＡＴ、Ｅ－ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ平均值均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）,Ｐ－ＮＯ、Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ平均值均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．００１）;上述检测值与患者病程、病情、肺功能状态均有相关;逐步回归表明,患者病程与Ｐ－ＮＯ、Ｐ－ＶＥ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ值相关最为密切;提示矽肺患者体内一氧化氮和氧自由基反应病理性加剧,氧化抗氧化平衡严重失调     

糖尿病患者的血液一氧化氮和氧化及脂质过氧化指标

检测１１４例糖尿病患者和１００例健康人血浆中的一氧化氮（ Ｐ Ｎ Ｏ）、维生素 Ｃ（ Ｐ Ｖ Ｃ）、维生素 Ｅ（ Ｐ Ｖ Ｅ）、β 胡萝卜素（ Ｐ β Ｃ Ａ Ｒ）、过氧化脂质（ Ｐ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ）含量及红细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶（ Ｅ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ）、过氧化氢酶（ Ｅ Ｃ Ａ Ｔ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ Ｅ Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ Ｐｘ）活性和过氧化脂质（ Ｅ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ）含量以探讨与糖尿病的关系。结果表明,糖尿病组及Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型糖尿病组的 Ｐ Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ、 Ｅ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ 均显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００１）, Ｐ Ｖ Ｃ、 Ｐ Ｖ Ｅ、 Ｐ β Ｃ Ａ Ｒ、 Ｅ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ、 Ｅ Ｃ Ａ Ｔ、 Ｅ Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ Ｐｘ 均显著低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００１）;并随着病程的延长而逐渐升高或降低。逐步回归分析结果提示患者病程与 Ｐ Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｖ Ｃ、 Ｅ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ、 Ｅ Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ Ｐｘ、 Ｅ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ 值密切相关。认为糖尿病患者 Ｎ Ｏ 代谢异常,抗氧化、抗过氧化和抗脂质过氧化作用受损。     

复印作业对人体氧化和过氧化的影响

目的探讨复印作业对人体氧化和过氧化的影响。方法检测１０４例复印作业者和１００例健康成人血浆ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、β－胡萝卜素（β－ＣＡＲ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活力和ＬＰＯ含量。结果与健康成人组比较，复印作业组的血浆ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、β－ＣＡＲ和红细胞ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ平均值皆显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而血浆及红细胞ＬＰＯ平均值明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），３种不同机型复印作业组各指标平均值间皆差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），配备通风装置组与未配备通风装置组各指标平均值间差异皆有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），复印作业工龄与各指标间均呈一定程度的直线相关（Ｐ＜０．０２～０．０００１）。结论复印从业人员体内氧化和过氧化反应加剧     

矽肺与抗氧化剂、抗氧化酶关系的探讨

目的：探讨矽肺与抗氧化剂、抗氧化酶的关系。方法：检测了７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者的血浆维生素Ｃ（Ｐ－ＶＣ）、维生素Ｅ（Ｐ－ＶＥ）、β－胡萝卜素（Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ）含量及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（Ｅ－ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（Ｅ－ＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。结果：与对照组比较,患者组的Ｐ－ＶＣ、Ｐ－ＶＥ、Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＣＡＴ、Ｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ平均值均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）;各检测值与患者病程、病情、肺功能状态均有相关;逐步回归表明患者病程、病情、肺功能状态与Ｐ－ＶＥ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ值相关最为密切。结论：矽肺患者体内氧化抗氧化平衡严重失调,氧自由基反应病理性加剧。     

一氧化氮,抗氧化剂,抗氧化酶与矽肺关系的研究

目的 探讨一氧化氮、抗氧化剂、抗氧化酶与矽肺的关系。方法 检测７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者的血浆一氧化氮（Ｐ－ＮＯ）、维生素Ｃ（Ｐ－ＶＣ）、维生素Ｅ（Ｐ－ＶＥ）、β－胡萝卜素（Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ）含量及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（Ｅ－ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（Ｅ－ＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。结果 与对照组比较,患者组的Ｐ－ＮＯ平均值显著升高（Ｐ〈０．００１）,Ｐ－ＶＣ、Ｐ－ＶＥ、Ｐ     

多种膳食因素对不同年龄大鼠血脂、酶活性及动脉粥样硬化的影响

以大鼠作实验，观察并比较了多种膳食因素联合应用，对不同年龄大鼠血清胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量的变化和对血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力的影响，及与主动脉粥样硬化关系。结果表明：大鼠自由摄食含黄豆粉、墨鱼、海哲皮、香菇、硒、ＶＡ、ＶＥ、ＶＣ、ＶＢ６等多种膳食因素能抑制大鼠ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＰＯ的升高，提高ＧＳＨＰｘ和ＳＯＤ的活性，而且这些作用在不同年龄大鼠间有差异，同时亦可以预防动脉粥样硬化的发生     

矽肺患者血中一氧化氮和脂质氧化水平的变化

探讨一氧化氮，氧化，脂质过氧化与矽肺的关系。方法检测７３例矽肺患和６０例健康对照血浆中一氧化氮、维生素维生素、β－胡萝卜素、过氧化脂质及红细胞中超氧化物睦化酶、过氧化氢酶、不同肺功能状态患组的Ｐ－ＶＣ、Ｐ－Ｖ、Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ、     

煤工尘肺发生早期的自由基代谢变化

为探讨煤工尘肺发生早期的自由基代谢变化,系统测定５４ 例Ⅰ期煤工尘肺患者,５９ 例 Ｘ 线表现尚不足以诊断为Ⅰ期尘肺的０ ＋ 人群及４０ 例健康对照者血液中的过氧化脂质（ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ） 、唾液酸（ Ｓ Ａ） 、谷胱甘肽（ Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ） 、维生素 Ａ（ Ｖ Ａ） 、维生素 Ｅ（ Ｖ Ｅ） 含量及超氧化物歧化酶（ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ） 、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ Ｐｘ） 和过氧化氢酶（ Ｃ Ａ Ｔ） 活力。结果显示,０ ＋ 组人群及Ⅰ期煤工尘肺患者体内 Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ 及 Ｓ Ａ 水平均明显高于对照组,而 Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ Ｐｘ , Ｃ Ａ Ｔ 活力及 Ｖ Ａ、 Ｖ Ｅ 含量则较对照组明显降低, Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ则呈代偿性增加。表明自由基代谢紊乱及氧化／ 抗氧化状态失衡的变化早于煤工尘肺诊断的 Ｘ 线影像学改变。     

β-胡萝卜素和核黄素对大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

目的：进一步探讨亚硝胺通过脂质过氧化而致癌的可能途径,以及研究β－胡萝卜素（β－Ｃ）和核黄素（ＶＢ２）通过抑制脂质过氧化反应而影响亚硝胺致癌的可能途径。方法：将５０只二级ＳＤ雄性大鼠随机分成５组。实验组在每日灌胃二甲基亚硝胺（ＮＤＭＮ）１．７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础上,每日分别给予β－Ｃ２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和／或ＶＢ２１８ｍｇ／ｋｇ补充,实验期为２８天。实验结束时,收集血液,摘取肝脏和肾脏,测红细胞和肝肾匀浆ＳＯＤ活性,全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,血清和肝肾匀浆ＭＤＡ含量,血清ＲＯＯＨ以及全血Ｈｂ含量。结果：１．ＮＤＭＮ可使ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＭＤＡ和ＲＯＯＨ产生增多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２．添加β－Ｃ后,ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性有明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＭＤＡ和ＲＯＯＨ的含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３．添加ＶＢ２后,肝ＳＯＤ和全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性均有明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但ＭＤＡ和ＲＯＯＨ的含量没有差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。４．同时补充β－Ｃ和ＶＢ２后,各项指标的变化与单纯β－Ｃ组基本一致。结论：脂质过氧化也是亚硝胺致癌的途径之一;一定剂量的β－Ｃ可对抗ＮＤＭＮ引发的脂质过氧化;核黄素对提高抗氧化?     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.