内镜乳头切开及置管治疗急性胰腺炎

目的 探讨内镜乳头切开及置管治疗急性胰腺炎的效果及安全性。方法 12例急性胰腺炎病人均早期急诊ERCP检查，10例胆源性胰腺炎行乳头切开取石，2例特发性胰腺炎行乳头小切开，7例置入鼻胆管引流并冲洗。结果 12例病人腹痛、腹胀4～7d缓解，住院天数12～17d，无一例病情继续恶化，无死亡，无操作相关并发症发生。原反复发作3例病人随访3～5年无复发。结论 根据我们的结果并与相关文献资料比较，急性胆源性胰腺炎和特发性胰腺炎病人早期行ERCP及内镜介入治疗安全、有效，对尽快缓解症状、阻止病情发展，防止向重症胰腺炎转化，减少并发症发生，缩短住院时间，降低胰腺炎复发有较大价值。     

经内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床价值

目的探讨治疗性ERCP在急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis，ABP）治疗及减少复发中的临床价值。方法将ABP患者依据其治疗方式，分为内镜组行ERCP治疗和对照组行常规治疗，比较其腹痛缓解时间及血、尿淀粉酶降至正常时间及肝功能恢复时间和住院天数。随访所有ABP患者，比较两组患者复发率。结果117例ABP患者中急性轻症胆源性胰腺炎患者99例（84．6％），急性重症胆源性胰腺炎患者18例（15．4％）。内镜组和对照组总例数分别为49例和68例。内镜组与对照组比较，急性轻症胆源性胰腺炎和急性重症胆源性胰腺炎的腹痛缓解时间、肝功能恢复时间、住院天数均明显缩短（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。血、尿淀粉酶恢复时间两组比较差异无统计学意义。内镜组无明显内镜治疗相关并发症发生。所有患者平均随访时间20个月（5—37个月）；7例失访，随访率94．0％。内镜组的复发率0（0／46）明显低于对照组46．8％（29／62）（P〈0．01）。结论与常规治疗比较，ERCP治疗ABP是较好方法之一，不仅疗效好、恢复较快，而且安全，并能减少胆源性胰腺炎的复发。     

早期ERCP在急性胆源性胰腺炎治疗中的价值

目的探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)及内镜治疗的应用价值及安全性。方法选择54例次急性胆源性胰腺炎患者作早期(24～48h)ERCP及内镜治疗(ERCP组),并以同期保守治疗的36例次急性胆源性胰腺炎患者作对照(对照组),观察了两组患者血清淀粉酶恢复时间、腹痛缓解时间、住院天数及并发症发生等情况。结果 ERCP组腹痛缓解天数及平均住院天数分别为(10.5±2.8)及(23.7±3.8)d,明显短于对照组(17.4±3.8)及(35.0±3.1)d(P0.01)。血清淀粉酶恢复时间两组相差不显著。两组均未发生严重并发症。结论早期内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎具有微创、安全有效、快速解除胆道急性梗阻及防止胆汁胰管反流的特点,可使急性胆源性胰腺炎和临床怀疑为胆源性胰腺炎的患者得到及时正确的诊治,以防止其向重型发展。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎早期内镜治疗的临床评价

目的 :评价急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)治疗的安全性和临床疗效。方法 :对 2 6例急性胆源性胰腺炎住院患者 ,早期行ERCP检查和治疗 ,观察其疗效和并发症 ,评价急性胆源性胰腺炎患者内镜治疗的安全性和疗效。结果 :本组 2 6例患者均治愈 ,无明显并发症发生 ,未见因ERCP检查和治疗而使病情加重者。结论 :对于急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行ERCP检查及治疗是安全的 ,急性胆源性胰腺炎经有效的内镜治疗可缩短平均住院时间、降低平均住院费用     

经内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎临床疗效/费用分析

目的:评价经内镜(ERCP)治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床价值及其疗效/费用情况.方法:分析2001-01/2005-06经内镜(ERCP)治疗的53例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者以及同期经内科保守治疗的83例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,评价ERCP治疗的临床价值及疗效/费用情况.结果:经ERCP治疗的53例患者均顺利完成ERCP检查及治疗,术后患者病情明显好转,无明显并发症发生,与常规治疗组相比其平均住院时间明显缩短(12.64±5.04dvs25.54±12.96d,P<0.05),平均住院费用明显降低(12503.25±5342.14元vs31325.54±15790.47元,P<0.05),患者死亡率明显降低.结论:急性胆源性胰腺炎行ERCP治疗是安全有效的,可明显缩短平均住院时间、降低平均住院费用及患者死亡率.     

早期内镜下鼻胆引流术在急性重症胆源性胰腺炎治疗中的作用

目的探讨早期内镜下鼻胆引流术(ENBD)在急性重症胆源性胰腺炎治疗中的价值与安全性。方法将26例早期内镜下行ENBD治疗与30例内科保守治疗的临床资料作对照,进行实验室检查、CT评分以及临床腹痛缓解时间、住院天数、并发症发生率及死亡率等指标对比分析。结果 ENBD组住院第7d血淀粉酶、总胆红素下降幅度显著大于保守治疗组(P0.05);ENBD组的死亡率、平均住院时间及腹痛持续时间与对照组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论早期内镜下ENBD对急性重症胆源性胰腺炎是安全、有效的治疗措施。     

内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床评价

目的探讨内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis，ABP）的临床效果。方法将89例急性胆源性胰腺炎随机分为内镜治疗组和对照组，两组均给予内科常规综合治疗．内镜治疗组在入院48小时内行逆行胆管造影（Endoscopic retrogade cholangiography，ERCP），胆总管结石行乳头肌切开（Endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy，EST）＋网篮取石，如胆总管结石多且大、无法一次取尽者或未发现结石，则行鼻胆管引流（Endoscope nasobiliary drainage，ENBD），胆囊结石、胆总管扩张、乳头狭窄、反复多次发作胰腺炎．虽胆总管未见结石也行乳头肌中小切开。结果内镜治疗组在腹痛消失时间、血淀粉酶恢复时间、住院时间、胰腺炎随访复发率等与对照组有显著差别。结论内镜治疗ABP安全有效，且能减少ABP的复发。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的内镜治疗

急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)患者131例,其中急诊内镜治疗(内镜组)78例,行逆行胰胆管造影术(ER-CP)、内镜下乳头括约肌切开用网篮取石或碎石后取石及鼻胆管引流术;保守或急诊外科手术治疗(对照组)53例.发现内镜治疗的成功率为92%,未发生与内镜操作有关的严重并发症;与对照组相比,内镜组术后腹痛缓解快,住院时间短,从术后第2天开始血及尿淀粉酶明显降低,第3天降低更为明显.提示ERCP的早期干预能有效逆转ABP的急性症状和转归,尤其对于重症胰腺炎.     

内镜联合药物治疗急性重症胰腺炎153例临床分析

目的探讨内镜介入治疗急性重症胰腺炎(SAP)的临床价值。方法2001年2月至2006年2月将四川大学华西医院收治的SAP患者289例,随机分为对照组(136例)和内镜治疗组(153例)。对照组采用内科药物治疗;内镜治疗组在与对照组相同治疗的基础上行十二指肠乳头括约肌切开(EST)、取石、鼻胆管引流(ENBD)或鼻胰管引流术(ENPD)。比较两组患者腹痛、腹胀缓解时间,血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间,入院3d和6d的APACHEⅡ评分指标,平均住院天数、住院费用等。结果内镜治疗组腹痛、腹胀缓解所需天数[(10.5±3.0)d]明显低于对照组[(12.4±6.8)d,P<0.05]。与对照组相比,内镜治疗组血清淀粉酶恢复正常水平所需时间较短(P<0.05),APACHEⅡ评分值也较对照组下降快,平均住院日和治疗总费用均显著低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论无论是胆源性SAP还是非胆源性SAP,在常规药物治疗的基础上,于起病后72h内实施EST ENBD或ENPD,可获得更好的治疗效果。     

内镜诊治急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床分析

目的：评价内镜诊治急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析内镜治疗的114例ABP患者以及内科常规治疗的106例ABP患者的临床资料,评价内镜诊治ABP的临床价值。结果：内镜治疗组114例均顺利完成逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查并确诊,其中107例同时经内镜分别进行十二指肠乳头括约肌切开、胆管取石/蛔虫/血凝块、鼻胆管引流、胆管内置管/金属支架引流等治疗,术后所有患者均治愈出院,无明显并发症发生;与常规治疗组相比内镜治疗组平均住院时间明显缩短（12.1±4.2dvs.18.7±8.9d,P〈0.05）,平均住院费用明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论：内镜治疗ABP是一项安全、有效的措施;早期ERCP检查可明确ABP的病因,同时内镜治疗可及时去除其病因。可明显缩短患者平均住院时间、降低平均住院费用。     

Application of endoscopic sphincterotomy in acute pancreatitis with fluid collection： A prospective study

AIM: To elucidate the role of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Ninety patients with acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into two groups: EST group and control group. All the patients underwent pancreatitis routine therapy, additionally the EST group was treated with EST and endoscopic naso-bile drainage (ENBD).The time of disappearance of abdominal symptoms and signs, normalization of amylase, hospitalization and absorption of acute fluid was recorded for all patients. RESULTS: The time of disappearance of abdominal pain, normalization of blood and urine amylase and hospitalization was significantly shorter in EST group than in control group. The ratios of disappearance of fluid in mild acute pancreatitis patients was significantly higher in EST group (51.52%, 84.85%, 90.91%,93.94%) than in the control group (0%, 30.30%, 69.70%, 72.73%, P<0.01 or P<0.05). When the ratios of reduction of fluid in severe acute pancreatitis patients of the EST group were compared (8.33%, 58.33%, 83.33%, 91.67%) with those in the control group (0%, 8.33%, 25% and 41.67%), there were significant differences. CONCLUSION: The effect of EST+ENBD on acute pancreatitis with fluid is rather good.     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的早期EST治疗

目的探讨早期EST治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自2000年12月至2003年11月间46例临床确诊为急性胆源性胰腺炎作早期(72h内)EST治疗的结果。结果早期EST治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎能有效降低血清淀粉酶及缓解疼痛。只要操作得当并无内镜治疗相关的并发症和死亡病例。结论急性胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗是安全而有效的。     

诊断与治疗性逆行胰胆管造影并发胰腺炎危险因素分析

目的：探讨诊断性胰、胆管显影与胆道支架、乳头括约肌切开取石术等治疗抗逆行胰、胆管造影（ERCP）,对术后并发胰腺炎的影响。方法：412例ERCP操作分为7组,诊断性ERCP为胆胰双管显影（ERCP）组、单纯胆管显影（ERC）组组与单纯管显影（ERP）组,治疗组ERCP分为双管显影加支架术（ERCP＋支架）组、ERC＋支架组、ERCP＋乳头肌切开（EST）取石组及ERC＋EST取石组,比较各组术后4h、24h血清淀粉酶及临床症状改变。结果：术后4h、24h高淀粉酶血症发生率为17．7％及4．4％,并发急性胰腺炎的发生率为3．95,各组中以ERP组发病率为最高。结论：在ERCP操作中,反复胰管造影是并发术后胰腺炎主要危险因素,EST、支架治疗并不增加胰腺炎的发病率。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的内镜下介入治疗

目的 :综合评价早期内镜下介入治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的方法、疗效及并发症等。方法 :10 3例胆源性胰腺炎患者中 ,5 7例在 72h内行早期内镜下介入治疗 ,4 3例保守治疗 ,保守治疗中的 19例择期内镜检查及治疗 ,3例外科手术治疗。结果 :早期内镜治疗组 80 .70 %患者临床症状得到迅速缓解 ;保守治疗组 6 2 .79%也可迅速缓解。全部内镜治疗后 3例出现胰腺炎加重。结论 :早期内镜介入治疗对于急性胆源性胰腺炎是一种有效而安全的方法 ,对于有明显黄疸、感染、结石嵌顿的病例应急诊内镜下治疗 ;对于病情较轻、黄疸不重的患者可先保守治疗后再行择期内镜治疗     

Risk factors for postoperative pancreatitis associated with diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

OBJECTIVE : To investigate the risk factors for postoperative pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic biliary stenting. METHODS : Four hundred and twelve patients referred to the endoscopy unit were divided into seven groups: (i) double ducts (pancreatic duct and biliary duct) contrast media filling group (ERCP group); (ii) biliary duct contrast media filling group (ERC group); (iii) pancreatic duct contrast media filling group (ERP group); (iv) ERCP plus biliary stenting group (ERCP + stent group); (v) ERC plus stenting group (ERC + stent group); (vi) ERCP plus EST and stone extraction (SE) group (ERCP + EST + SE group); and (vii) ERC plus EST and SE group (ERC + EST + SE group). Differences in postoperative serum amylase at 4 and 24 h, as well as clinical symptoms, were compared among the different groups. RESULTS : The incidence of postoperative hyperamylasemia at 4 and 24 h was 17.7 and 4.4%, respectively. The overall incidence of postoperative acute pancreatitis was 3.9% and the ERP group had the highest incidence of postoperative acute pancreatitis among the seven groups. CONCLUSIONS : Repeated pancreatic duct contrast filling during ERCP manipulation is the main risk factor for postoperative pancreatitis and therapeutic ERCP, such as EST, stenting and SE, does not increase the incidence of postoperative pancreatitis.     

老年急性重症胆源性胰腺炎的早期内镜治疗

目的探讨早期急诊内镜治疗对老年急性重症胆源性胰腺炎的临床价值。方法确诊为急性重症胆源性胰腺炎的92例高龄患者,分成内镜组（n=43）和对照组（n=49）,对其血清肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8以及淀粉酶恢复正常时间、腹痛缓解时间、住院天数,还有并发症发生率和死亡率等指标进行比较分析。结果治疗7d后内镜组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和对照组比较下降更明显,差异有统计学意义[（45．16±13．48）μg／L比（176．89±47．35）μg／L、（31．76±13．85）μg／L比（68．48±24．87）μg／L、（113．39±63．78）μg／L比（309．86±117．13）μg／L,P均〈0．05];内镜组患者腹痛缓解时间、淀粉酶恢复正常时间、住院时间明显短于对照组[（10．2±1．7）d比（13．2±2．4）d、（3．3±1．0）d比（5．5±1．2）d、（15±1．6）d比（20±3．0）d,P均〈0．05];并发症发生率也低于对照组（5％比22％,P〈0．05）。结论早期内镜介入治疗老年急性重症胆源性胰腺炎具有微创、安全、有效的优点,能明显缓解病情的进一步发展。     

Urgent and emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for gallstone-induced acute cholangitis and pancreatitis

Urgent or emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is indicated for gallstone-induced acute cholangitis and pancreatitis. The technique and optimal timing of ERCP depend on the disease state, its severity, anatomy, patient background, and the institutional situation. Endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage within 24 h is recommended for moderate to severe acute cholangitis. The clinical outcomes of biliary drainage with nasobiliary drainage tube placement and plastic stent placement are comparable, and the choice is made on a case-by-case basis considering the advantages and disadvantages of each. The addition of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is basically not necessary when performing drainage alone, but single-session stone removal following EST is acceptable in mild to moderate cholangitis cases without antithrombotic therapy or coagulopathy. For gallstone pancreatitis, early ERCP/EST are recommended in cases with impacted gallstones in the papilla. In some cases of gallstone pancreatitis, a gallstone impacted in the papilla has already spontaneously passed into the duodenum, and early ERCP/EST lacks efficacy in such cases, with unfavorable findings of cholangitis or cholestasis. If it is difficult to diagnose the presence of gallstones impacted in the papilla on imaging, endoscopic ultrasonography can be useful in determining the indication for ERCP.     

Hyperamylasaemia and acute pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Hyperamylasaemia and acute pancreatitis are the more common complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Ninety patients who underwent ERCP +/- endoscopic papillotomy were monitored for rises in the serum amylase and the development of acute pancreatitis. The incidence of hyperamylasaemia (greater than 300 IU/L) was significantly greater (p = 0.01) when the pancreatic duct was imaged (75%) than with bile duct imaging alone (33%). The incidence of acute pancreatitis following imaging of the pancreatic duct +/- bile duct was 11.3% and was found to be significantly increased in those patients (n = 9) who also underwent endoscopic papillotomy. Imaging of the biliary tree only +/- endoscopic papillotomy carried no significant risk of acute pancreatitis. In those patients who developed pancreatitis, the rise in serum amylase occurred early and was significantly higher at 2 h following ERCP. These findings may help to identify patients who are at risk of developing this complication.     

ERCP在不明原因肝外阻塞性黄疸的临床应用

目的探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）在经常规检查不明原因肝外阻塞性黄疸的临床应用价值。方法收集经B超、cT和,或MRCP检查诊断不明原因胆胰疾病或肝外胆管梗阻病人45例,男28例,女17例,年龄21—80岁,均行ERCP术。结果45例病人行ERCP术,其中42例诊断为胆道微结石（Biliary microlithiasis,BML）,42例均行乳头扩张术／EST4-胆道取石术;3例为胆总管下端炎性狭窄而行胆道内支架植入术;1例ERCP取石术后并发轻症胰腺炎,经内科保守治疗后痊愈,l例因腹痛再发行胆囊切除术,其余患者经ERCP治疗后腹痛、黄疸均缓解。结论BML是不明原因肝外阻塞性黄疸的主要原因,ERCP是不明原因肝外阻塞性黄疸安全、有效的诊断及治疗手段。