玻璃体切割联合前部超声乳化及IOL植入的评估

目的观察评估玻璃体切割手术的同时联合进行超声乳化白内障囊外摘除和IOL植入治疗并发晶状体混浊的玻璃体积血的术后效果。方法回顾性分析我院2003/2004期间28例并发有晶状体混浊的玻璃体积血患者,分别进行保留晶状体和联合前部超声乳化的玻璃体切除手术。结果联合手术在手术操作,术后反应与保留晶状体眼无明显差别,术后视功能恢复上要优于保留晶状体眼。结论对并发晶状体混浊的玻璃体积血患者玻璃体切割手术的同时联合进行超声乳化白内障囊外摘除和IOL植入治疗的术后效果显著。     

悬韧带异常的假性剥脱综合征性白内障手术时机和方法的选择

背景 假性剥脱综合征(PEX)常并发白内障,多伴有进展性晶状体悬韧带异常,术中及术后易出现悬韧带相关并发症,白内障手术如何选择合适的手术时机及手术方式对于减少并发症、提高手术成功率具有重要的临床意义,但目前相关研究报道很少. 目的 分析伴有晶状体悬韧带异常的PEX性白内障(PEXC)患者行白内障摘出联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术的疗效,探讨其合适的手术时机及手术方式.方法采用系列病例观察研究方法,对2012年7月至2015年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区第二人民医院接受PEXC手术的21例23眼进行分析,所有患者均伴有晶状体悬韧带异常,根据悬韧带异常的程度分为晶状体震颤和不全脱位2种类型,其中晶状体震颤18眼,晶状体不全脱位5眼.按照Emery核硬度分级法分为Ⅱ级核4眼,Ⅲ级核9眼,Ⅳ级核7眼,Ⅴ级核3眼;晶状体震颤者行白内障超声乳化联合标准囊袋张力环(CTR)或改良CTR(MCTR)及IOL植入术或白内障囊外摘出联合CTR及IOL植入术;Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级核伴晶状体不全脱位者行超声乳化联合MCTR及IOL植入术;Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级核伴晶状体不全脱位者行白内障囊内圈套摘出、前段玻璃体切割联合IOL巩膜缝线固定术.对患者共随访3个月,分析手术时机对疗效的影响及术眼术后视力、眼压,术中及术后并发症,前囊口、IOL位置变化. 结果 晶状体震颤患者行白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术,其中植入CTR者10眼,MCTR者3眼,囊外摘出联合CTR及IOL植入术4眼,前段玻璃体切割联合IOL巩膜缝线固定术1眼.晶状体不全脱位行超声乳化联合前段玻璃体切割联合IOL巩膜缝线固定术1眼,白内障囊内圈套摘出、前段玻璃体切割联合IOL巩膜缝线固定术4眼.术眼术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)＞0.5者4眼,＞0.3 ～≤0.5者6眼,＞0.1～≤0.3者8眼,≤0.1者5眼,与术前BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=17.29,P＜0.01);术眼术前平均眼压为(16.82-±2.25)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),术后3个月平均眼压为(16.12±2.67)mmHg,差异无统计学意义(t=0.108,P＞0.05);术中、术后常见并发症为瞳孔不易扩大、角膜水肿、晶状体皮质残留和后囊膜混浊. 结论 伴有晶状体悬韧带异常的PEXC手术复杂、并发症多,手术时机和手术方式的选择均应依据悬韧带异常程度、核硬度和晶状体是否脱位,术前应认真行自然瞳孔下及扩瞳后检查以确定治疗方案是手术成功的关键.     

高龄白内障超声乳化吸出手术方法的探讨

目的 探讨高龄患者白内障超声乳化吸出折叠式人工晶状体植入术术中前囊环形撕囊、晶状体核乳化的手术方式。方法 对61例(65眼)70—85岁白内障采用前房气泡下前囊环形撕囊，晶状体核原位乳化结合半囊袋内辅助机械压迫乳化并植入折叠式人工晶状体。结果 环形撕囊成功61眼(93．8％)，辅助点刺式完成裁囊4眼(6．2％)。完成晶状体会乳化65眼(100％)，平均乳化时间125．2秒。植入折叠式人工晶状体64眼(98．5％)。术中并发症主要为虹膜损伤1眼，后囊破裂玻璃体脱出改行硬质人工晶状体植入1眼。结论 前房气泡下环形撕囊，晶状体核原位乳化结合半囊袋内辅助机械压迫乳化及折叠式人工晶状体植入是高龄白内障安全有效的手术方式。     

过熟期白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术

目的：探讨过熟期白内障囊外摘除和人工晶状体植入的手术方法及术中、术后并发症发生的原因和治疗措施。方法：对202例（202只眼）过熟期白内障患者施行白内障囊外摘除和后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果：开罐式截囊106只眼，信封式截囊81只眼，连续环形撕囊15只眼。123只眼采用双手压迫式娩核，其余患眼采用晶状体套圈娩核。除12只眼因术中玻璃体脱出未植入人工晶状体外，其余患者均植入后房型人工晶状体。59.9%患者术后视力≥0.5。信封式截囊及套圈娩核造成晶状体悬韧带断裂及玻璃体脱出等并发症更少。结论：对于皮质完全液化的过熟期白内障宜采用信封式截囊，伴晶状体悬韧带松驰的过熟期白内障套圈娩核较双手压迫式娩核有效及安全 。     

后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术在儿童白内障手术中的应用

目的探讨后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术对儿童后发性白内障的预防作用。方法对32例32眼儿童白内障患者利用超声乳化技术摘除白内障时Ⅰ期进行后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术。结果全部术眼视轴区均透明，3眼后囊膜不规则撕裂，32眼均不影响IOL植入，无术中术后并发症。结论在利用超声乳化技术摘除白内障时Ⅰ期进行后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术，能使视轴区保持清亮，有效防止后发性白内障的发生。     

连续环形撕囊在小切口非乳化白内障手术中的应用

目的 探讨连续环形撕囊在小切口非超声乳化白内障手术中应用的效果。方法 对226例(243眼)老年性白内障小切口非超声乳化囊外摘出术中施行前囊连续环形撕囊术。结果 243眼中228眼(93．82％)顺利完成连续环形撕囊，179眼(73．66％)将晶状体核自囊袋旋拨至前房，其中Ⅰ级核16眼和Ⅱ级核93眼全部旋拨成功，Ⅲ级核70眼旋拨成功(占61．95％)，部分病例，需做前囊松解切口。结论 连续环形撕囊用于小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出手术时，在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级核是安全有效的、部分Ⅲ级核及Ⅳ级核做前囊松解切口后也能顺利成功。     

超声乳化白内障摘除在玻璃体切除术后的应用体会

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术后超声乳化白内障摘除的手术经验。方法:对玻璃体切除术后的并发性白内障患者62例62眼施行了超声乳化白内障摘除术联合人工晶状体植入术。结果:术后47眼视力有不同程度提高,15眼因视神经萎缩和黄斑病变未见改善。均未发生晶状体或晶状体核脱入玻璃体腔等并发症。结论:熟练规范掌握常规超声乳化手术各步骤是成功实施玻璃体切除术后行白内障超声乳化摘除术的关键。     

白内障超声乳化手术中后囊破裂原因分析

本文对白内障超声乳化手术中后囊破裂的原因进行分析,报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　2 0 0 1年1月～2 0 0 2年6月我院行白内障超声乳化+IOL植入手术患者3 17例( 3 80眼) ,年龄41～93岁,平均69 6岁。按LOCSⅡ晶状体核分级法其中Ⅰ级核6眼,Ⅱ级核18眼,Ⅲ级核2 2 4眼,Ⅳ级核65眼,Ⅴ级核67眼。1.2　手术方法　表面或球后麻醉下在鼻上或颞上接近角膜陡峭散光轴位置做巩膜隧道或透明角膜缘切口,连续环形撕囊,水分离,原位劈核乳化晶状体核,吸除残余皮质,囊袋中后房型IOL。若术中后囊破裂,在破口区注入空气或黏弹剂,用回压法处理后囊破…     

小瞳孔白内障超声乳化手术体会

小瞳孔是白内障手术玻璃体脱出的高危因素，小瞳孔下进行白内障手术最有可能出现后囊破裂、玻璃体脱出、晶体核碎块落入玻璃体等严重的并发症。手术中黏弹剂的合理应用、瞳孔区纤维机化膜的处理及成功的环形撕囊可以保证超声乳化的安全性。本文主要总结21例小瞳孔白内障超声乳化术的经验，现报告如下。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障术中玻璃体脱出的原因分析及处理

目的:探讨在基层医院行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术中玻璃体脱出的原因和预防以及处理办法。方法:对我院2008-01/2009-042000例小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术中52例52眼玻璃体脱出的情况进行回顾性分析。结果:52眼玻璃体脱出发生在上浮核、劈核、圈套核和吸皮质时;49眼植入人工晶状体,3眼未植入人工晶状体;45眼获得满意圆瞳孔,7眼欠圆;18眼术后视力>0.5,27眼视力>0.3,3眼视力>0.1,2眼视力>0.05,2眼视力<0.05。结论:小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入发生玻璃体脱出多在劈核、圈套核及吸取皮质时,玻璃体脱出经过及时恰当的处理仍然可以获得较满意的效果。     

Visual outcomes after vitreous loss during cataract surgery performed by residents

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcomes after vitreous loss during cataract surgery performed by residents. SETTING: Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who had cataract extraction complicated by vitreous loss from 1997 through 1999 was conducted. All surgery was performed by third-year ophthalmology residents. RESULTS: In 1400 cataract surgeries, 63 cases of vitreous loss (rate 4.5%) were identified. One case had less than 1 month of follow-up and was excluded from further analysis. Of the 62 remaining cases, 53 had phacoemulsification, 7 extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), 1 phacoemulsification converted to ECCE, and 1 intracapsular cataract extraction. Thirty-two eyes had a sulcus-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implanted, 20 an anterior chamber IOL, and 7 a PC IOL in the capsular bag; 3 eyes were left aphakic at the time of initial surgery. Overall, 77% of patients had a postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or better. Of the 14 patients who did not have a BCVA of 20/40 or better, 9 had preexisting ocular pathology affecting vision. If these 9 patients are excluded, 91% of patients with vitreous loss had a BCVA of 20/40 or better. Six patients (10%) developed clinical cystoid macular edema. No patient with vitreous loss developed a retinal detachment or endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS: Good visual acuity can be achieved after resident cataract surgery complicated by vitreous loss. The rate of vitreous loss in this study is consistent with that in previous reports of resident cataract surgery in the literature.     

白内障超声乳化术的并发症及处理

目的:探讨白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的并发症及处理措施。方法:对4350眼老年性、并发性和外伤性白内障患者进行巩膜隧道切口超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术,总结分析术中及术后手术并发症发生情况及处理措施。术后随访3～24mo。结果:顺利完成超声乳化术4345眼(99.89%),5眼术中改为ECCE+IOL术。术后3mo时,矫正视力≥0.5者4050眼(93.10%),0.1～0.4者290眼(6.67%),<0.1者10眼(0.23%)。术中并发症:后囊膜破裂26眼(0.60%),撕囊失败16眼(0.37%)。术后并发症:角膜水肿350眼(8.05%),晶状体后囊膜混浊116眼(2.67%),一过性高眼压31眼,眼内炎3眼。术中、术后并发症,经对症处理后有不同程度改善。结论:白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术具有创伤小、恢复快、术后视力满意等优点,但是了解手术并发症原因,减少和避免并发症的发生以及采取措施正确处理并发症是手术成功的保障。术中并发症主要是后囊膜破裂,术后并发症主要是角膜水肿和后发性白内障。并发症的发生与术者的经验、技术熟练程度密切相关。     

Two-stage capsulorhexis for endocapsular phacoemulsification

The continuous tear anterior capsulotomy or capsulorhexis technique is important for safe, successful cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation surgery. A two-stage continuous tear capsulotomy or capsulorhexis extends the possibility of achieving continuous tear capsulotomy to challenging and complicated cases. In endocapsular phacoemulsification this technique preserves the integrity of the capsule because it prevents the extension of radial tears in the capsule and thus facilitates safe cataract extraction and secure in-the-bag IOL placement. The benefits and advantages of the continuous tear capsulotomy are preserved by two-stage capsulorhexis.     

Complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification cataract surgery at New Jersey Medical School

AIM: To describe the complications related to cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique by third-year ophthalmology residents at New Jersey Medical School, who are trained to perform phacoemulsification without any prior experience with extracapsular extraction. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 755 patients who underwent cataract surgery by third-year residents between July 2000 and June 2005 at the Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science was performed. Details of intraoperative complications (posterior capsular rupture, vitreous loss, subluxation of lens fragments into the vitreous, extracapsular cases converted to phacoemulsification, retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage and haemorrhagic choroidals) of the cases done by phacoemulsification technique were recorded. Results were analysed and compared with complication rates reported from other residency programmes and from experienced ophthalmologists. RESULTS: Of 755 cataract surgeries, 719 were performed using phacoemulsification technique. Posterior capsule disruption occurred in 48 (6.7%), vitreous loss in 39 (5.4%) and dislocated lenticular fragments in 7 (1.0%) of 719 cases that underwent phacoemulsification technique. Subsequent pars plana lensectomy was required in 5 (0.7%) cases; 1 case (0.1%) experienced retinal detachment and haemorrhagic choroidal detachment. CONCLUSION: The residents can perform phacoemulsification well with a very low complication rate, without prior training with extracapsular cataract extraction technique.     

无灌注超乳针头截囊减张法在膨胀性白色白内障手术中的应用

目的:观察应用无灌注超乳针头截囊减张法治疗膨胀性白色白内障的效果。方法:回顾性分析宝丰县人民医院2017年1月至2020年2月膨胀性白色白内障315例(340眼)的临床资料。所有患者按手术方式分为两组：常规组,常规撕囊法手术69例(82眼);减张组,采用无灌注超乳针头截囊减张法撕囊手术246例(258眼)。观察两组术后...     

The effect of capsulorhexis size on development of posterior capsule opacification: small (4.5 to 5.0 mm) versus large (6.0 to 7.0 mm)

PURPOSE: The most common surgically related cause of reduced vision after extracapsular cataract extraction is posterior capsule opacification (PCO), which occurs in up to 50% of eyes following cataract extraction. This study examined whether small capsulorhexes of 4.5 to 5.0 mm, which lie completely on the 5.5 mm intraocular lens (IOL), and large capsulorhexes of 6.0 to 7.0 mm, which lie completely off the lens optic, are effective in preventing PCO development. METHODS: In this prospective study, 496 eyes of 367 patients underwent standardized phacoemulsification with capsulorhexis and capsular bag foldable acrylic IOL implantation. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either a small capsulorhexis of 4.5 to 5 mm to lie completely on the IOL optic or a large capsulorhexis of 6 to 7 mm to lie completely off the lens optic. Retroillumination photographs were taken at 6 months and then yearly. RESULTS:Throughout the follow-up, there was less PCO in the small capsulorhexis group than in the large capsulorhexis group. CONCLUSIONS.:Small capsulorhexes were associated with less wrinkling of the posterior capsule and less PCO than were large capsulorhexes. PCO after IOL implantation has a multifactored pathogenesis. Small (4.5 to 5.0 mm) capsulorhexis and capsular bag implantation of 5.5 mm acrylic IOL are likely to reduce the PCO incidence when compared with the 6.0 to 7.0 mm capsulorhexis. The significance of the IOL optic diameter in association with the capsulorhexis size should also be documented by further studies.     

Intraocular lens implantation performed first to protect the posterior capsule in Morgagnian cataracts during phacoemulsification

This study evaluated the safety of a modified method to implant an intraocular lens (IOL) into the capsular bag immediately after capsulorhexis with a whole or partial nucleus to protect the posterior capsule (PC) during phacoemulsification in a series of 12 Morgagnian cataracts. For 3 cases of hypermature cataracts with smaller and rigid nuclei, after a complete capsulorhexis, an IOL was directly inserted into the capsular bag, which protected the PC during the subsequent phacoemulsification process in the iris plate. For the other 9 cases with larger and softer nuclei, after the nucleus was partially emulsified, the IOL was inserted into the bag. Even with an obvious surge for some cases, the surgeries were uneventful in all 12 cases, with no PC rent or vitreous loss. IOL implantation into the capsular bag with a whole or partial nucleus can provide effective protection for the PC for hypermature cataract during phacoemulsification.     

Oval capsulorhexis for phacoemulsification in posterior polar cataract with preexisting posterior capsule rupture

We describe use of an oval capsulorhexis rather than the conventional circular capsulorhexis for phacoemulsification in posterior polar cataract with preexisting posterior capsule rupture. An oval capsulorhexis minimizes the turbulence in the capsular bag by increasing the area available for efflux of fluid. It also enables end-to-end nuclear sculpting, removal of the nuclear fragment from the bag, intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and vitrectomy without stretching the capsular bag. The smaller axis of the oval capsulorhexis facilitates optic capture of a sulcus-fixated IOL. The oval capsulorhexis can be used safely for phacoemulsification of all grades of nuclear sclerosis in posterior polar cataract with preexisting posterior capsule rupture.     

Comparing phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, small pupil, and phacodonesis

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the frequency of intraoperative and postoperative complications between the modern phacoemulsification technique and the extracapsular cataract extraction technique in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized study comprised 94 eyes with cataract, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, small pupil and slight to moderate phacodonesis. These eyes were randomly assigned into two groups. In the first group all patients (47 eyes) were operated on using a standard phacoemulsification technique (iris hooks, anterior capsule staining and capsular tension ring after capsulorhexis), while in the second group all patients (47 eyes) underwent a classic extracapsular cataract extraction. The main outcome measures were the frequency of intraoperative zonular tears, capsular rupture, vitreous loss and corneal edema, as well as the best-corrected visual acuity. RESULTS: Intraoperative zonular separation was recorded in one eye (2.1 %) and in 15 eyes (31.9 %) for the first and second groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Posterior capsule rupture with or without zonular separation occurred in two eyes (4.2 %) of the first group and in eight eyes (17.0 %) of the second group (P < 0.05). Vitreous loss also had a higher rate in the second group (17.0 % versus 4.2 %, P < 0.05). The postoperative difference in best-corrected visual acuity was also significant between the two groups, being higher in patients operated on using phacoemulsification technique (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the difficult cases of cataract associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, small pupil and phacodonesis, the modern small-incision cataract surgery provides better results with a low rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications when compared with the extracapsular cataract extraction technique.