共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 89 毫秒
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1 临床资料 1995年 2月至 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,共收治颅咽管瘤病人 36例 ,其中男 2 4例 ,女 12例 ,年龄 16~ 5 7岁 ,平均35岁。首发症状为头痛和 /或头晕 12例 ,视力障碍 15例 ,闭经、月经紊乱 5例 ,性欲减退 2例 ,多饮多尿 6例。病史 5年以上 8例 ,1~ 5年 15例 ,1年以下 13例 ,33例术前行头颅MRI检查 ,显示肿瘤位于鞍上 18例 ,鞍上进入三脑室 8例 ,鞍内 鞍上 6例 ,鞍上 鞍旁 1例。合并梗阻性脑积水 11例。囊性 8例 ,实质性 10例 ,混合性 18例。肿瘤直径 1 4~ 6 8cm ,平均 3 2cm。手术采取经翼点入路共 33例 ,经额下入路 3例 ,均在手… 相似文献
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颅咽管瘤术后常见并发症及处理 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的 总结分析颅咽管瘤术后常见并发症并探讨其防治措施.方法 回顾性分析了38例颅咽管瘤手术治疗后出现的并发症及其处理方法.结果 患者在术后均发生了不同程度的各种并发症,其中尿崩症33例,钠代谢紊乱31例,低钾血症13例,高热6例.临床痊愈出院36例,死亡2例.结论 术后严密监测血电解质及尿量,手术前后补充糖皮质激素,积极处理并发症, 可有效降低手术死亡率. 相似文献
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13例颅咽管瘤全切术及并发症的防治体会 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨颅咽管瘤全切术的手术方法和术后并发症的防治措施。方法术前测基础代谢率,激素替代疗法和预防癫痫。手术主要采用翼点、额下入路,应用显微外科技术从鞍区各个手术间隙分块切除。术后严密观测病人的意识,尿量和血清电解质,及时防治尿崩症电解质素乱,预防癫痫和激素替代治疗。结果11例病人显微镜下肿块全切,2例肿块少部分残留,术后无明显神经功能障碍。10例发生尿崩症,9例发生电解质紊乱.5例发生体温失衡。经处理后,电解质紊乱,体温失衡完全纠正,尿崩症痊愈。结论选择最合适的手术入路,熟悉充分利用鞍区各个解剖间隙是完成肿瘤全切的关键;术前采用激素替代疗法,术后严密监测尿量、电解质,积极处理并发症,可有效降低手术死亡率。 相似文献
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王秀红 《齐齐哈尔医学院学报》2011,32(3):466-467
目的探讨颅咽管瘤切除术后各种并发症的发生种类和概率的观察以及术后护理措施。方法观察50例颅咽管瘤患者手术后并发症的临床表现,及时记录各项护理相关内容,分析各种并发症的发生概率及护理内容。结果术后并发症按发生概率依次为:尿崩症、电解质及糖代谢紊乱、中枢性高热、癫痫及应激性溃疡,采取合理的护理措施,能进一步提高手术治疗效果。结论熟悉颅咽管瘤切除术后各种并发症及其发生机理,并根据其制定恰当的护理措施,通过仔细的观察和精心的护理,以提高手术效果。 相似文献
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目的 观察颅咽管瘤切除术后常见并发症的种类及其临床表现,探讨护理措施。方法 严密观察术后患者监测指标,及时发现、反馈患者异常反应,制定实施相应的护理措施。结果 13例患者术后并发尿崩症6例,电解质紊乱7例,高热1例,垂体功能不足5例,意识障碍2例,除1例意识障碍患者自动出院外,其余患者均治愈出院。 相似文献
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目的 讨论颅咽管瘤切除术后并发症的处理原则。方法 分析 36例颅咽管瘤切除术后并发症的临床资料。结果 术后并发尿崩症者 14例、高热 11例、电解质紊乱 8例、消化道出血 3例、癫痫 5例 ,死亡2例。结论 颅咽管瘤术后并发症较多 ,加强早期监测和处理 ,可进一步提高该病的治愈率 相似文献
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在临床上我们体会到 ,颅咽管瘤全切除术后并发症的防治 ,是降低手术死亡率的重要环节。现将我们在颅咽管瘤全切除术后并发症的处理的体会报道如下 :1 临床资料1 32例颅咽管瘤术后主要并发症中 ,尿崩症 72例 ,占54 5 % ,高热 64例 ,占 48 5 % ,电解质紊乱 52例 ,占 39 4% ,抽搐发作 2 3例 ,占 1 7% ,消化道出血 8例 ,占 6 1 %。2 术后并发症处理尿崩症 :每小时监测尿量 ;成人正常平均每小时尿量为50~ 80ml,在无过多补液情况下 ,若每小时尿量大于 1 60ml,尿比重低于 1 0 0 5 ,应视为尿崩症发生 ;须应用抗利尿制剂 ,注意出入量的平衡和… 相似文献
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目的 探讨颅咽管瘤术后并发症的护理成效.方法 通过临床观察82例颅咽管瘤术后患者,发现颅咽管瘤术后常见的并发症有尿崩症、血电解质紊乱、高热、癫痫、应激性溃疡.结果 通过及时给予适当的护理干预,减少并发症对疾病预后的影响,能促进患者早日康复.结论 通过细致的观察和及时恰当的护理措施,减少了并发症对疾病愈合的影响. 相似文献
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成人第四脑室肿瘤的显微手术治疗和术后并发症的防治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:探讨第四脑室肿瘤显微外科技巧及并发症的防治经验,提高手术的效果。方法:回顾性分析2005年8月至2007年8月68例在湘雅医院经手术治疗的第四脑室肿瘤患者的临床资料。选择小脑蚓部或小脑延髓裂入路切除肿瘤,手术过程中对侵袭延髓呼吸中枢的部分肿瘤不必勉强切除,但均打通导水管下口,关颅时采用颈肌-硬膜悬吊法。结果:肿瘤全切除58例,近全切除10例,本组无死亡病例。术后出现症状性脑积水10例,行脑室-腹腔分流术;原瘤腔出血4例,行二次手术;颅内积气8例,颅内感染10例,上消化道出血18例,均经保守治疗后痊愈。气管切开16例,其中5例呼吸机辅助呼吸,均经治疗后痊愈。本组无枕后皮下积液病例。结论:术中生命中枢的保护及完全打通导水管下口是手术成败的关键,熟练的显微外科技术有助于提高手术疗效,术后积极防治并发症,辅以综合治疗,可改善预后。 相似文献
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Microsurgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: report of 284 patients 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Background Generally, total surgical removal of craniopharyngioma results in satisfactory outcome with a low recurrence rate, however, the location of the tumor and its adherence to the hypothalamic structures can make the operation difficult. The goal of the present study was to assess the outcome of craniopharyngiomas in 284 patients treated surgically.Methods A total of 284 patients (151 men and 133 women) with craniopharyngioma were treated surgically by our neurosurgeons from January 1996 to March 2006. Among them, 226 (79.6%) patients were adults (15 years of age or older; mean, 35.8±10.6), 58 (20.4%) were children (14 years of age or younger; mean, 9.1±3.8). The diameter of the tumors were 2.0-9.0 cm (mean, 36.54±11.4). The tumors were classified into the superior (23 patients) and inferior ventricular (261) types according to the location of the tumor relative to the third ventricular floor. For the patients with craniopharyngioma of inferior ventricular type, pterional approach was used in 191 (67.3%) patients, subfrontal approach in 17 (6.0%), and translamina terminalis through frontobasal interhemispheric approach in 53 (18.7%). For those with the tumors of superior ventricular type, transcallosal approach into the anterior third ventricle was done in 10 (3.5%) patients, and the lamina terminalis approach in 13 (4.6%). Of the 284 patients, 204 (71.8%) were followed up for 0.5 to 8 years (mean, 2.1±1.8), including 162 patients received total tumor removal, and 37 underwent subtotal or partial removal. Results Total, subtotal and partial removal of the tumors were achieved in 237 (83.5%), 34 (12.0%) and 13 (4.5%) patients, respectively. The pituitary stalk was preserved in 176 (62.0%) patients, severed in 52 (18.3%), and unidentified in 56 (19.7%). Twelve (4.2%) patients died within one month after the surgery. During the follow-up, 23 (14.1%) patients experienced tumor recurrence 1.0-3.5 years (mean, 1.8±1.6) after total tumor removal, and 24 (64.9%) had recurrent tumor 0.25-1.5 years (mean, 0.5±0.4) after subtotal or partial resection. Normal activities of daily living were regained in 63 (80%) patients, independence in 29 (14.2%), and daily life with assistance in 9 (4.4%). Four (2.0%) patients died 0.9-3 years (mean, 1.6±1.4) after discharge from hospital, 3 of them died of hypothalamic deficiency. Conclusions We can protect the hypothalamic structures and its perforating arteries by choosing surgical approaches according to the location of craniopharygioma relative to the third ventricular floor. The mortality, morbidity, and recurrence rate in patients received total resection are lower than those of patients underwent subtotal or partial resections. In addition, preservation of the pituitary stalk is critical when total tumor resection is feasible. 相似文献
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Microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle via an improved transventricular approach 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Background Craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle is difficult to treat and its therapeutic regimens and operative approaches have been controversial. This study was undertaken to probe indications for microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle via an improved transventricular approach, its surgical procedures and therapeutic effects, and prevention of postoperative complications. Methods Fifty-one patients with craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle were treated from January 2000 to October 2004 by an improved transventricular approach for removing the tumor viathe interventricular foramen, the intermedius of the septum pellucidum or choroid fissure. Symptoms and signs of the patients, and results of imaging, operation, and follow-up were analyzed. Results Of the 51 patients who had received the improved transventricular resection, 4 underwent a combined approach with an entrance of the pterion. Forty patients (78.43%) underwent total resection and others subtotal resection, without an operative death. Epileptic seizures were found in 3 patients (5.88%) and subdural effusion in the operative field in 4 (7.84%). All patients showed good general conditions after operation, and follow-up for an average of 27.52 months showed relapse of the tumour in 8 patients (15.69%). Conclusions Microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle by an improved transventricular approach has advantages of operative safety and efficacy, lower mortality and disability, and less complications. 相似文献
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目的 探讨颅咽管瘤的MRI影像学表现,评价其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析59例经手术病理证实的颅咽管瘤的MRI表现.结果 59例颅咽管瘤患者,40例(67.8%)病灶位于鞍上,16侧(27.1%)位于鞍内,3例(5.1%)位于鞍旁,视神经受压、变形、移位51例,垂体正常显示32倒,垂体受压变小15例,垂体未显示12例.肿瘤的信号在T2WI上多呈混杂高信号,而T1WI上可有高、等、低等多种表现.结论 MRI可清楚显示鞍区肿瘤与周围结构,其多信号变化反映了肿瘤囊液成分的不同,MRI是诊断颅咽管瘤的有效方法. 相似文献
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目的:分析探讨预防性使用长效尿崩停(鞣酸加压素针)对颅咽管瘤开颅术后早期尿崩及血钠的影响。
方法:回顾性分析2010至2014年行单侧额下开颅显微手术治疗的83例颅咽管瘤患者,分为预防性使用长效尿崩停组(使用组)和未使用组,对使用组及未使用组的术后早期尿崩情况及血钠变化趋势进行对比分析。结果:与未使用组比较,使用组整体术后早期尿崩的发生率少(P<0.05);垂体柄切除及肿瘤与三脑室底粘连紧密的患者术后尿崩发生率高(P<0.05),但在这两种情况中,使用组较未使用组术后早期尿崩的发生率少(P<0.05)。术后高钠者为37例(44.6%),术后出现低钠者共60例(72.3%),高钠、低钠出现的平均时间为术后1.4和3.7 d。术后高钠、低钠交替出现的有19例(22.9%)。使用组与未使用组在术后第1天血钠分布上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),使用组术后第1天高钠出现百分比低于未使用组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:术中或术后早期预防性使用长效尿崩停可以有效减少颅咽管瘤患者术后早期尿崩及高钠血症的发生率。 相似文献