QTd及JTd增加与老年人糖尿病猝死的关系

1目的　探讨老年糖尿病病人 QTd,JTd增加与其发生猝死的关系。 2方法　受检者常规测量 12导联心电图 QT及 JT间期。最长 QT间期或 JT间期减去最短 QT或 JT间期 ,即得 QTd或 JTd.比较对照组与糖尿病组 (猝死组与存活组 )的 QTd,JTd.3结果　老年糖尿病病人 QTd,JTd分别为 (78.2 4± 2 7.6 8) ms,(79.86±2 1.48) ms,而对照组分别为 (4 7.16± 18.2 7) ms,(4 6 .32± 2 0 .12 ) m s,两组比较差异有显著性 (t=6 .6 3,7.2 3,P<0 .0 0 1)。糖尿病猝死组 QTd,JTd分别为 (96 .5 6± 2 8.2 6 ) ms,(98.78± 30 .42 ) ms;存活组 QTd,JTd分别为 (5 9.2 7±19.14) m s,(6 0 .47± 2 1.5 2 ) ms,猝死组 QTd,JTd均明显长于存活组 ,差异有显著性 (t=5 .93,5 .5 8,P<0 .0 0 1)。 4结论　老年糖尿病病人猝死的发生随 QTd,JTd的延长而增加 ,提示 QTd,JTd延长是预测老年糖尿病病人猝死的一项有价值指标     

急性心肌梗塞后QT离散度的演变及其与室性心律失常的关系

目的　研究急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)后QT离散度 (QTd)的演变及其对快速室性心律失常的预测价值。方法　测量 34例AMI后患者不同时期和伴室性心律失常时的QTd ,并与健康对照组 (90名 )相比。结果　AMI后患者的QTd在急性期 (72± 18ms)明显大于亚急性期 (5 8± 17ms,P <0 .0 1) ,亚急性期大于陈旧期 (49± 2 1ms,P <0 .0 1) ,均明显大于对照组 (36± 10ms,P <0 .0 1)。陈旧期内心功能Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级者的QTd(36± 14ms,41± 15ms)与对照组无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级者的QTd(6 6± 2 0ms)明显延长 (P <0 .0 1)。 9例AMI伴室速 /室颤 (VT/VF)者的QTd(91± 18ms)显著长于急性期不伴VT/VF者 (70± 14ms,P <0 .0 1)。结论　AMI后 0～ 3天QTd显著延长 ,随梗塞愈合渐趋正常 ,QTd显著延长是预示危重室性心律失常的不良之兆     

扩张型心肌病QT离散度与室性心动过速关系的探讨

目的 :探讨扩张型心肌病 (DCM) QT离散度 (QTd)与室性心动过速 (VT)的关系。方法 :测量 6 5例 DCM患者同步12导联心电图。结果 :在 DCM患者 VT组 (2 9例 ) QTd为 (78.0 8± 2 7.2 6 ) ms,无 VT组 (36例 )为 (4 8.2 4± 2 2 .2 5 ) ms,两组比较有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;持续性 VT(SVT)组 (11例 )为 (86 .2 2± 2 1.5 2 ) ms,非持续性 VT(NSVT)组 (18例 )为 (6 5 .2 9±12 .32 ) ms,两组比较也有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;随 QTd增大 ,VT的发生率显著增高。结论 :QTd是 DCM患者 VT监测的重要指标     

急性心肌梗死QT离散度的临床意义

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者 QT离散度(QTd)及校正心率后 QT离散度 (QTcd)的临床意义及与近期临床预后的关系 .方法　测量分析 92例 AMI患者的 QTd和 QTcd,其中男 62例 ,女 30例 ,年龄 42～ 80 (平均 54.3)岁 ,与 60例无心脏病者 QTd和 QTcd对照分析 ,其中男 39例 ,女2 1例 ,年龄 40～ 75(平均 52 )岁 .结果　 AMI入院时 QTd(66± 30 ) ms,QTcd(75± 36) ms明显高于对照组 (39± 1 6) ms,(42± 1 7) ms (P<0 .0 0 1 ) .死亡组 QTd(1 0 5± 2 5) ms,QTcd(1 2 2± 33) ms明显高于生存组 (54± 1 8) ms,(60± 2 0 ) ms(P<0 .0 0 1 ) .QTd≥ 80 ms患者死亡率 62 .5% ,多部位梗死56.3% ,室心律失常 53.1 % ,泵功能 (Killip分级 )≥ 级2 8.3% , - 度房室传导阻滞 1 2 .5%明显高于 QTd<80 ms的 3.3% ,2 5.0 % ,1 1 .7% (P<0 .0 1 ) ,6.7% ,5.0 % (P<0 .0 5) .生存患者出院时 QTd(45± 1 3) ms,QTcd(48± 1 4 )ms较入院时 (66± 30 ) ms(P <0 .0 1 ) ,(75± 36) ms(P<0 .0 5)明显缩小 .且最长的 QT间期 92 %见于缺血区或梗死区导联 ,而最短的 QT间期 95%见于非缺血区或非梗死区导联 .结论　临床上可通过 QTd及 QTcd测量来判断 AMI患者近期临床预后 .     

急性心肌梗塞早期QT间期离散度与住院期间死亡的关系

目的　探讨 AMI早期 QT间期离散度 (QTd)的变化及其临床意义。方法　测定 38例 AMI患者 (AMI) 72 h内的QTd并与 36例健康人 (对照组 ) QTd作对比。结果　 AMI组 QTd为 (6 0 .5 7± 47.0 3) m s,对照组 QTd为 (2 7.5 2± 17.36 ) ms;AMI组中 ,死亡组 (7例 ) QTd为 (85 .5 0± 45 .19) ms,存活组 (31例 ) QTd为 (49.90± 32 .0 ) m s,均 P <0 .0 1,两组间有极显著性差异。结论　 AMI早期 QTd增加可作为预测住院期间死亡的重要指标之一     

肺源性心脏病QT离散度与心功能不全关系的研究

目的　探讨慢性肺源性心脏病 (PHD)病人心电图QT离散度 (QTd)与心功能不全 (CDF)的关系。方法　PHD病人 38例 ,按病情分为心功能不全Ⅰ级 12例 ,Ⅱ级 17例 ,Ⅲ级 9例。测量常规 12导联心电图QT ,并与对照组 30例进行比较。结果　CDF各级QTd、QTcd分别为Ⅰ级 5 2 .1± 12 .89ms,6 5 .1± 17.2 8ms;Ⅱ级 6 6 .2± 12 .8ms,76 .5± 2 0 .2ms ;Ⅲ级 88.8± 16 .6ms,116 .2± 19.1ms ;对照组为 31.9± 9.1ms,33.6± 10 .4ms,各组与对照组、各组之间比较均为P <0 .0 1。结论　慢性肺源性心脏病CDF早期 ,心电图QTd、QTcd显著增加 ,可作为肺源性心脏病早期诊断依据之一 ;QT越大 ,病情越重 ,预后越差 ,动态观察可判断病情、提示预后。     

QT离散度在急性心肌梗塞预后中的临床意义

目的 :探讨 QTd对预测 AMI患者预后的价值。方法 :对 2 64例 AMI患者及1 0 0例正常人 QTd、JTd及 QTcd结果进行分析。结果 :QTd、JTd及 QTcd在 AMI组显著延长 ,分别为 63 .8± 1 7.4ms、5 9.4± 1 8.1 ms及 68.1± 2 0 .3 m s,明显高于对照组 2 4.7± 8.6ms、2 0 .3± 1 0 .1 ms及 2 8.1± 1 1 .3 ms;在有室性心律失常组分别为 71 .6± 2 1 .9ms、67.5±2 2 .1 m s及 75 .3± 2 3 .7m s,明显高于无室性心律失常组 5 3 .3± 1 9.2 ms、49.1± 1 7.6ms及5 4.2± 2 4.0 m s;在死亡组分别为 82 .6± 1 8.4ms、76.3± 1 7.6ms及 86.9± 1 9.6m s,亦明显高于生存组 5 6.5± 1 6.0 ms、5 3 .7± 1 6.5 ms及 61 .1± 2 0 .2 ms。结论 :QTd可作为识别 AMI后高危患者临床心电学的敏感指标之一 ,对判断 AMI预后有一定意义     

QT离散度与肥厚型心肌病左室重量和室性心律失常关系的研究

目的 :分析QT离散度 (QTd)和肥厚型心肌病患者左室肥厚程度和室性心律失常的关系。方法 :原发性肥厚型心肌病 2 5例 ,正常对照组 2 4例。应用二维超声心动图测量计算左室重量 (LVM ) ,记录 2 4小时动态心电图和同步 1 2导联心电图各导联间的QT间期计算QTd、QTcd ,比较QTd、QTcd与左室重量和室性心律失常的关系。结果 :①肥厚型心肌病组LVM、QTd、QTcd明显大于正常对照组 (分别为 30 5 .2± 94.1 g与 1 50 .6± 32 .8g ;80 .2± 1 6 .5ms与 35 .6± 7.6ms ;86 .4±1 7.5ms与 40 .7± 9.1ms,P均 <0 .0 1 ) ;②严重室性心律失常患者LVM、QTd、QTcd明显高于无严重室性心律失常患者 (分别为 375 .4± 91 .6g与 2 72 .2± 77.3g ;93 .8± 1 5 .8ms与 73 .8± 1 2 .8ms,P均 <0 .0 1 ,98.1± 1 7.7ms与 80 .8± 1 4 .9ms,P <0 .0 5) ;③肥厚型心肌病患者LVM与QTd、QTcd显著相关 ,r分别为 0 .72 4 7和 0 .6450。结论 :肥厚的心肌细胞排列紊乱是导致QTd、QTcd增大的主要原因 ,可作为反映心肌复极弥散程度的指标 ,QTd、QTcd的增加可预测严重室性心律失常的发生     

QT离散度对不稳定性心绞痛近期预后的影响

目的　探讨QT离散度 (QTd)变化与不稳定性心绞痛 (UAP)危险度分层的关系及预后的预测价值。方法　不稳定性心绞痛 1 0 6例 ,根据Braunwald分级按危险度分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。分别比较其QTd的变化。观察不同QTd患者住院期间心脏性猝死、恶性心律失常的发生率 ,分析了QTd值增大对UAP近期预后的影响。结果　BraunwaldⅠ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级的QTd分别为 3 8 3± 6 6ms、5 0 2± 7 4ms、73 3± 1 2 4ms两两比较 ,均有显著性差异 (P<0 0 5 ) ;恶性心律失常的发生率分别为 2 2 2 % ( 1 /45 ) ,2 2 85 % ( 8/3 5 )和 46 1 5 % ( 1 1 /2 6)。BraunwaldⅡ级和Ⅲ级与Ⅰ级相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　不稳定性心绞痛危险度增大时 ,QTd随着增大 ,并与患者预后有关。     

平板运动试验前后QT离散度的变化

目的 :探讨心肌缺血与 QT离散度 (QTd)、QTc离散度 (QTcd)的关系。方法 :测量 46例平板运动试验时诱发心肌缺血患者的 QTd、QTcd、QTd增加值 (△ QTd)、QTcd增加值 (△ QTcd)。结果 :运动后阳性组 QTd(5 2 .61±16.78) ms、QTcd(83.94± 2 7.2 1) ms较阴性组 QTd(31.78± 8.98) ms、QTcd(36.85± 13.73) ms显著增大 (P <0 .0 1)。阳性组△ QTd(14.5 7± 3.75 ) ms、△ QTcd(4 1.39± 12 .14) ms较阴性组△ QTd(2 .0 0± 2 .35 ) ms、△ QTcd(2 .11± 2 .0 7) ms显著增大 (P <0 .0 1)。而阳性组运动前 QTd、QTcd分别为 (38.0 4± 13.0 3) ms、(4 2 .5 5± 15 .0 7) ms,阴性组分别为(2 9.78± 11.33) ms、(34 .74± 11.66) ms,两组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :QTd、QTcd、△ QTd、△ QTcd增大是运动试验时作为判定心肌缺血的有意义的心电学指标     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.