ACL断裂单束解剖重建及胫骨隧道扩大的临床研究

目的　探讨前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术后胫骨隧道扩大对临床效果的影响。 方法　回顾性分析我科在2011年5月至2012年12月行关节镜下前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术的40例（40膝）患者资料,通过膝关节X线片、CT及三维重建测量胫骨隧道宽度后,对骨隧道扩大进行分级及定义。采用膝关节活动度（range of motion, ROM）、前抽屉试验（anterior drawer test ADT）、Lachman试验、轴移试验（pivot shift test, PST）、Lysholm评分表、IKDC2000评分表评定临床疗效。 结果　术后随访未发现关节屈伸活动障碍者。术后患侧活动度与健侧活动度,两者间差异无统计学意义（t =-1.844,P =0.069）。骨隧道扩大组与非扩大组间ADT、Lachman和PST差异无统计学意义（χ2 =1.314、0.011、0.005,P =0.33、1.0、1.0）。40例患者术前Lysholm评分与术后Lysholm评分、两者差异有统计学意义（t =-45.50,P <0.001）;术前IKDC2000评分与术后IKDC2000评分两者差异有统计学意义（t =-25.18,P <0.001）。骨隧道扩大各级别间Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义（F =1.274,P =0.292）,各级别两两间差异无统计学意义。 结论　膝关节镜下单束解剖前交叉韧带重建术后胫骨隧道扩大对患者中期临床疗效没有明显影响。     

关节镜下可降解缝线锚钉3点法固定胫骨髁间嵴骨折的疗效评价

目的 探讨关节镜下使用可降解缝线锚钉固定3点法固定胫骨髁间嵴骨折的临床疗效。方法 选择关节镜下缝线锚钉3点法固定前交叉韧带（ACL）止点胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者19例，其中男性12例，女性7例；年龄18～55岁，平均年龄36.47岁。手术前后行前抽屉试验及Lachman试验评估患侧膝关节稳定性；术后采用测量关节活动度、国际膝关节文献委员会（IKDC）评分及Lysholm评分评估膝关节功能情况。随访时对健侧膝关节同时行测量关节活动度、Lysholm功能评分及IKDC评分作为患侧膝关节功能恢复情况的对照。结果 所有患者X射线片显示骨折均在术后3个月愈合，无再次骨折移位，患膝查体前抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阴性；患膝术后6个月随访时关节活动度、Lysholm评分及IKDC评分与健侧比较，差异无统计学意义（t=1.53、0.78、0.91,P> 0.05、> 0.05、> 0.05），患膝术后6个月随访时关节活动度、Lysholm评分及IKDC评分与术前比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=-18.91、-23.12、-41.11,P <0.05、<0.05、<0....     

关节镜下过顶位与解剖位(月国)绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带比较

目的:比较关节镜下过顶位与解剖位自体胴绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带的效果.方法:关节镜证实为前交叉韧带断裂的24例患者,按重建方法分成A组:过顶位;B组:解剖位,各12例,均行6-8股自体腘绳肌腱单束重建.术后摄X片与三维CT,膝关节功能采用关节伸屈功能、Lachman与轴移试验、IKDC、Lycholm评分判断.结果:随访时间平均10个月,Lysholm评分、IKDC评分、关节伸屈功能变化均明显改善,两组无显著性差异.X片:A、B组胫骨骨道中心分别位于胫骨髁间前后距的37.7%、34.2%,股骨骨道中心平均位于Blumensaat's线后21.4%、19.8%;Lachman试验:A组Ⅰ度2例;B组均阴性;轴移试验试验:A组Ⅰ度3例;B组Ⅰ度1例;A组4例更换工作.结论:过顶位与解剖位腘绳肌腱单柬重建前交叉韧带均可达到临床满意的效果,但解剖位重建有更好的旋转功能体查结果.     

膝关节镜单束解剖重建前交叉韧带40例临床疗效分析

[摘要]目的 探讨分析膝关节镜单束解剖重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效。方法 选择2011年8月~2014年8月我院收治的40例前交叉韧带断裂的患者为研究对象，在膝关节镜下行前交叉韧带单束解剖重建，术后随访1~3年，应用理学检查、IKDC、Lysholm及Tenger评分等方法，评价患者手术情况、膝关节功能、韧带稳定性及活动度恢复情况。结果 40例患者平均手术时间为（95.8±6.90）min，患者术后并发症发生率为7.5%，患者临床满意度为91.3%；患者术后IKDC，Lysholm和Tegner评分较术前有显著改善，膝关节功能恢复情况令人满意；患者膝关节稳定性明显改善，膝关节活动度两侧无明显差异。结论 膝关节镜单束解剖重建前交叉韧带安全有效，患者术后膝关节功能、韧带稳定性及膝关节活动度近期恢复情况较好，患者术后并发症少，临床满意度高。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带残端评估及保残重建的临床效果

目的 探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带（ACL）残端评估及保残重建的临床效果。方法 选取于我院行关节镜下人工韧带加强系统（LARS）移植重建ACL的患者111例,按照手术方式的不同分为Crain组（59例）及对照组（52例）。Crain组在改良Crain分型理论指导下保留残端并在鞘内重建ACL,对照组在ACL重建时清除残端。比较2组患者术前及术后24 h、72 h疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分。分别于术前及术后3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月采用Lysholm评分评估患者的膝关节功能。采用Lachman试验、轴移试验评估手术前后膝关节的稳定性。记录2组患者随访期间并发症发生情况。结果 Crain组患者术后24 h、72 h VAS评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。2组患者术前及术后9个月、12个月Lysholm评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,Crain组患者术后3个月、6个月Lysholm评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。2组患者手术前后Lachman试验及轴移试验阴性结果比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,2组患者术后Lachman试验及轴移试验阴性结果比较...     

同种异体肌腱移植重建治疗膝关节前交叉韧带断裂:中期随访评价

背景:以同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带是现在较流行的手术方式,但缺乏中长期临床疗效的评价。目的:分析膝关节镜下同种异体胫前肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的方法及其中期疗效。方法:回顾分析应用同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的25例患者的临床资料,比较移植前及移植后3年以上的中期随访Lysholm、Tegner、IKDC关节评分。结果与结论:所有病例均获得随访。25例患者同种异体肌腱移植后Lysholm关节评分、Tegner评分和IKDC评分均显著高于移植前(均P0.05)。所有病例移植后均未出现肺栓塞、感染、移植物断裂等并发症。关节功能明显改善。1例前抽屉试验弱阳性。Lachman试验征均为阴性,轴移试验均阴性。结果表明,关节镜下应用同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带具有创伤小,并发症少的优势,中期随访疗效优良。     

保留残端对前交叉韧带重建术后恢复的临床意义

目的　对78例患者保留前交叉韧带残端的膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后膝关节功能及稳定性的评价,探讨保留前交叉韧带残端对患者术后韧带功能恢复中的临床作用。 方法　2009年1月～2013年1月,取保留前交叉韧带残端的膝关节前交叉韧带重建术患者78例,其中男性51例,女性27例,平均年龄29.2岁,受伤至手术平均时间为3个月,随访时间均大于12个月,全部病例均采用同种异体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带。78例患者均存在前交叉韧带完全断裂,包括30例体部断裂,44例股骨起点断裂,ACL胫骨止点断裂4例,尽量保留残端。术后对患者膝关节的稳定性及膝关节功能进行随访,通过相关检查来判断临床效果。 结果　取末次随访数据进行分析,末次随访时间12～35个月,平均25个月。有76例患者前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验均为阴性;对比术前,膝关节前后稳定性、Lysholm评分、Tegner评分及IKDC综合评分均有所改善,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　保留残端对ACL重建术有良好的临床疗效。     

Arthrex缝线联合免打结锚钉修复前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

背景:膝关节前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的治疗方法多样,各有优势。目的:探讨关节镜下应用两根Arthrex线双骨道联合pushlock免打结锚钉固定前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法:纳入2014年12月至2015年11月在内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院住院治疗的23例前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者,在关节镜下应用Arthrex线将骨折块十字交叉复位,在胫骨结节内侧拧入pushlock免打结锚钉以收紧Arthrex缝线,将骨折块牢固固定于胫骨髁间嵴附着点处。术后采用膝关节评分(Lysholm和Tegner评分)随访。应用前抽屉试验、Lachman试验评价膝关节稳定性,X射线片评价术后骨折端的复位及愈合。结果与结论:(1)23例患者随访时间为6个月-1年;(2)Lysholm关节评分术前为(47.31±6.16)分,术后为(94.69±1.28)分(P0.05),Tegner评分由术前的(3.14±1.58)分提高到术后的(7.74±1.69)分(P0.05);(3)查体:Lachman试验均为阴性,X射线片示骨折端愈合良好。未出现关节反复肿胀及交锁等机械症状,膝关节无屈伸活动受限,未出现感染、下肢深静脉血栓形成等其他并发症;(4)结果表明,关节镜下应用Arthrex线结合pushlock免打结锚钉固定前交叉韧带胫骨髁间嵴撕脱性骨折具有微创、操作简单、固定可靠、无金属内置物,效果满意等优点。     

关节镜下LARS韧带重建后交叉韧带的早期临床疗效分析

目的 回顾性分析关节镜下LARS韧带重建后交叉韧带的早期临床疗效。方法 自2016年8月~2017年10月筛选50例确诊为后交叉韧带损伤患者。其中应用LARS韧带重建后交叉韧带患者22例设为实验组,应用自体半腱肌、股薄肌重建后交叉韧带的患者28例设为对照组。记录患者术后并发症发生率,采用Lysholm、IKDC、Tegner膝关节运动评分标准对术后膝关节的稳定性与活动性随访评分。结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间3~6个月。对照组术后并发症的发生率高于实验组（21.43% vs 9.09%）,实验组在避免膝关节僵硬及下肢深静脉血栓方面优于对照组（4.55% vs 17.86%）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者术前Lysholm评分、IKDC评分以及Tegner评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,在术后随访过程中,实验组Lysholm评分、IKDC评分以及Tegner评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 关节镜下LARS韧带重建后交叉韧带创伤小,降低术后并发症,有效的恢复膝关节的稳定性和功能性,具有较好的近期临床疗效。     

关节镜下应用可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的：探讨关节镜下应用可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床效果.方法：对21例前交叉韧带断裂的患者,在关节镜下采用4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,使用可吸收界面螺钉对移植物进行固定,术前、术后观察患者的症状,膝关节活动度、前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验,按照Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准评价疗效.结果：本组未出现深静脉血栓或感染.术后随访6～18个月,膝关节屈曲平均130°,伸直0°;21例患者均无打软腿现象.前抽屉试验20例阴性,1例阳性（Ⅰ°）.Lachman试验20例阴性,1例阳性.轴移试验均为阴性.Lysholm评分从术前（48.3±4.6）分提高至（84.7±4.4）分,差异有统计学意义（t=2.91,P＜0.01）.结论：关节镜下应用可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,是治疗前交叉韧带断裂的一种方法,具有手术操作较简单、固定可靠、费用较低、愈合率高等优点.     

Single-bundle or double-bundle for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A meta-analysis

PurposeTo compare the clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with double-bundle and single-bundle techniques.Study designMeta-analysisMethodsWe searched electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar from 1966 to Jan 2012 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with double-bundle and single-bundle techniques. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. Meta-analysis was performed to pool results.ResultsNineteen RCTs were included with a total of 1686 patients. The pooled analysis across all studies showed that the double-bundle ACL reconstruction technique could have significantly better outcomes in rotational laxity, as assessed by the pivot-shift test, KT grading and IKDC grading than the single-bundle techniques. We found no evidence of a difference in function measured by IKDC scores, KT arthrometer, Lysholm knee, or Tegner activity scores and complications after operations between single and double-bundle ACL reconstruction groups.ConclusionOur meta-analysis demonstrated the superiority of double-bundle over single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The double-bundle ACL reconstruction technique has better outcomes in rotational laxity (pivot-shift test, KT grading and IKDC grading). However, for functional recovery, there was no significant difference between single-bundle and double-bundle reconstruction techniques.     

Failure rate analysis and clinical outcomes of two different femoral tunnel positions using anteromedial portal technique in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

AimTo analyze two different femoral tunnel positions and to evaluate their correlation with clinical, functional outcomes and surgical revision rate in patients who underwent primary arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with anteromedial (AM) portal technique.MethodsFrom January 2015 to October 2018, we recruited 244 patients that underwent primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction, using four strand-semitendinosus graft and AM portal technique for femoral tunnel placement. Patients were divided into two groups based on the different femoral tunnel positions: 117 patients of group A had ACL footprint center femoral tunnel position compared with 127 patients of group B, with femoral tunnel placement close to the AM bundle footprint. Preoperatively and at last follow up, all patients were assessed subjectively by Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, while Lachman, Pivot-shift, and KT-1000 tests were performed to evaluate knee joint stability.ResultsGroup B patients showed significantly better results in Lysholm, objective, and subjective IKDC scores compared with patients of group A (P < 0.001). A significantly higher surgical failure rate was found in group A than in group B (10.26% vs. 2.3%; P < 0.001). A higher anterior knee laxity was recorded in patients of group A than in patients of group B (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1 mm; P < 0.001); a reduction in mean anterior tibial translation from preoperative to final follow up was found in group B compared with group A (3.5 ± 1.2 vs. 2.7 ± 1.1 mm; P < 0.001). No significant differences in the Tegner scale were found between the two groups.ConclusionACL reconstruction performed using the AM portal technique showed better and more satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes associated with a lower failure rate when the femoral tunnel had been placed more eccentrically in the footprint, in the AM bundle center position.     

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament surgery: Results of autogenous patellar tendon graft versus the Leeds-Keio synthetic graft: Five year follow-up of a prospective randomised controlled trial

We conducted a prospective, randomised controlled trial comparing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using middle third patellar tendon graft (PT) to synthetic Leeds-Keio (LK) ligament. The patients were randomised (26 PT, 24 LK). Subjective knee function was classified (Lysholm, Tegner activity, IKDC scores), laxity was measured (Lachman test, Stryker laxometer), and functional ability was assessed (one-hop test).There were no significant differences between Lysholm or IKDC scores at any stage by 5 years. Significant differences were found between the groups at 2 years for Tegner activity scores, laxity and one-hop testing. By 5 years there were no significant differences. Clinical equivalence was demonstrated between the two groups for the Lysholm score and one-hop test but not for the Tegner activity score at 5 years.The use of the LK ligament has been largely abandoned due to reports of its insufficiency. Our results demonstrate that it is not as inferior as one might expect. We conclude that the results of LK ligament ACL reconstruction are as acceptable as those using PT. It may provide an additional means of reconstruction where no suitable alternative is present.     

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autologous ipsilateral 1/2 peroneus longus tendon北大核心

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a commonly sport-induced knee joint injury that does serious harm to the knee stability. ACL reconstruction is a commonly used treatment method, but researches on 1/2 peroneus longus tendon (PLT) graft are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcomes of removing the autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT under arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction. METHODS: 106 patients with complete ACL rupture in the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University from December 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled, and autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT was removed under arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction. At baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, the knee stability was evaluated manually through the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test, and the knee function was evaluated by Tegner activity scale, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Postoperative anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test tests were negative in all patients. In terms of Tegner activity scale, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores, there were significant differences at baseline and postoperative 3 months as compared with postoperative 6 months (P < 0.05); the scores at baseline and postoperative 3 months showed significant differences compared with 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05); the scores showed no significant difference between 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). These results indicate that autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT is a good choice for ACL reconstruction under arthroscopy, achieving rapid and satisfactory functional recovery of the knee joint, which is not only minimally invasive and easy to operate, but also exhibits good therapeutic efficacy. © 2017, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

Clinical and three-dimensional computed tomographic comparison between ACL transportal versus ACL transtibial single-bundle reconstructions with hamstrings

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a single-bundle transtibial technique can achieve good or excellent results in more than 90% of patients, but anatomical and biomechanical studies have questioned its ability to restore knee function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and tomographic results (patient satisfaction, knee function, and tunnel location) of patients who underwent transportal or transtibial single-bundle ACL reconstruction.MethodsSeventy-one patients with ACL tears were included. Forty-one patients were treated by the single-bundle transportal technique and 30 patients were treated by the single-bundle transtibial technique. Clinical and tomographic data were analyzed in both groups.ResultsAfter a minimum of 2-year period, the transportal group showed more patients with normal clinical tests than the transtibial group (Lachman [p = 0.037], pivot shift [0.00], anterior drawer [0.002]; and arthrometer [0.002] tests). Regarding CT evaluation, transportal and transtibial groups obtained the following femoral central tunnel location (mean [SD]), as percentage: 30 (6.5) and 4.2 (6.4) in high–low axis; and 30.9 (5.9) and 33.2 (4.6) in the deep–shallow axis. Values in the tibial side were, respectively: 38 (6.5) and 46.0 (6.8) in the anterior–posterior axis; and 47.2 (2.5) and 46.9 (2.1) in the medial–lateral axis.ConclusionCT findings showed that the transportal single-bundle technique positions the ACL tunnel closer to the native ACL footprint in both femur and tibia compared with the transtibial single-bundle technique. Moreover, mild asymptomatic instability and extension deficit were observed more often in the transtibial group.     

经前内侧入路单束4股腘绳肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带

背景：国内外对于经膝关节前内侧入路建立前交叉韧带股骨隧道的临床文献尚缺乏。 目的：探讨经膝关节前内侧入路单束4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的可行性。 方法：65例前交叉韧带损伤患者随机分为两组,其中35例接受经前内侧入路单束4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,30例接受经胫骨隧道技术4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,重建后平均随访16个月,分别评估膝关节的前向稳定性、旋转稳定性和膝关节的整体功能。 结果与结论：最后一次随访时,经胫骨隧道组和经前内侧入路组在Lysholm评分、膝关节前向稳定性方面差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。经胫骨隧道组的轴移试验阳性率为23%,经前内侧入路组的阳性率为6%,两组之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果可见经膝关节前内侧入路制作股骨隧道重建前交叉韧带,不仅可以重建膝关节的前向稳定性,还可以较好地重建膝关节的旋转稳定性。     

扩髓髓内钉联合交叉韧带重建治疗股骨干骨折不愈合的临床研究

目的　观察扩髓髓内钉联合交叉韧带重建治疗膝关节不稳型（合并交叉韧带损伤）股骨干骨折不愈合的临床疗效。 方法　对10例合并交叉韧带损伤的股骨干骨折不愈合病例的临床研究,探讨分析膝关节稳定性对股骨干骨折愈合的影响,采用“原内固定取出+扩髓髓内钉重新固定股骨干+膝关节交叉韧带重建”的方法,治疗膝关节不稳型股骨干骨折不愈合。 结果　10例患者均得到随访,股骨干骨折愈合率100%,Tohner-Wrnch标准评定优,膝关节功能Lysholm评分优良率100% 。 结论　膝关节不稳是股骨干骨折不愈合的一个重要因素;对股骨干骨折的治疗必须考虑是否合并膝关节不稳;“原内固定取出+扩髓髓内钉重新固定股骨干+膝关节交叉韧带重建”的治疗方法对合并交叉韧带损伤的股骨干骨折不愈合的临床疗效确切。     

关节镜下保留残端与非保残重建前交叉韧带的疗效比较

目的　比较关节镜下保留及非保留残端重建前交叉韧带 (anterior cruciate ligament, ACL) 的疗效。 方法　选择我院2014.03~2015.05收治的64例有韧带残端残留的ACL断裂患者64例为研究对象,采用关节镜下四股自体腘绳肌腱单束重建技术,随机分为两组,即保留残端组和非保留残端组,每组32例,非保残组给予切除残端行常规关节镜手术重建ACL,保残组在保留残端的基础上行关节镜下ACL重建术。记录比较两组术前、术后关节稳定性及功能评分进行对比,术后1年测本体感觉,部分患者二次手术时探查重建韧带。 结果　64 例均获随访,随访时间 12~27个月。术后1年Lysholm评分,非保残组平均91.9分,保残平均93.2分;IKDC 评分功能在A、B级非保残组29例,保残组30例;抽屉试验阴性非保残组29例保残组31例,Lachman 试验阴性两组均为30例,比较差异均无统计学意义( P＞0.05);两组的本体感觉重复试验无差异,患者自述关节稳定性及位置觉以观察组稍优,术后共有9例患者二次行关节镜手术,对照组4例,观察组5例,镜下见对照滑膜覆盖率及韧带表面光滑度较观察组稍差,因例数太少,未行统计学分析。 结论　关节镜下保留残端与非保留残端单束重建术重建 ACL ,均能获得满意的临床效果,但关节镜下保留残端患者有更好的自我感觉,可能和保留残端有利于移植物的再血管化及本体感受器的恢复有关,需要更多的数据来进行统计学分析。