子宫肌瘤剔除术后妊娠结局及相关影响因素

目的:分析影响子宫肌瘤术后妊娠的相关因素,比较不同手术方式的妊娠结局。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2017年1月在南京医科大学附属无锡市妇幼保健院行子宫肌瘤剔除术的166例有生育要求的患者。采用单因素及多因素分析患者年龄、术前妊娠次数、是否合并不孕、肌瘤数目、最大肌瘤直径、肌瘤与子宫肌层的关系以及手术方式等对术后自然妊娠率的影响。比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术组与经腹子宫肌瘤剔除术组的妊娠结局。结果:166例患者的术后总妊娠率48.80%,腹腔镜组、经腹组的术后妊娠率分别为44.00%(51/116)和60.00%(30/50),均未发生子宫破裂。患者年龄、最大肌瘤直径以及肌瘤位置与妊娠率相关(P0.05)。腹腔镜组与经腹组患者的妊娠率、流产率和产科并发症无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:年龄越大、最大肌瘤越大以及肌瘤位置越深越不利于妊娠,腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与经腹子宫肌瘤剔除术后妊娠结局相当。     

剖宫产后再次妊娠1463例临床分析

近年来,随着剖宫产率的升高,剖宫产后再次妊娠分娩问题已成为产科临床上的突出课题。本文通过安徽省肥西县三河医院等5个单位1463例临床资料分析,探讨剖宫产后再次妊娠分娩方式的选择。临床资料一、发生率:本文报告1965年1月至1987年9月间,安徽省肥西县三河医院等五个单位曾行剖宫产术再次妊娠临产共1463例,占同期分娩总数45623例的3.2%。二、分娩方式:本文五个单位的作者,依据病人的具体情况,制定了试产条件,现归纳如下:①本次妊娠距前次手术2年以上;②前次手术指征本次妊娠已不存在;③前次术式为子宫下段剖宫产,并无子宫损伤史,如子宫穿孔、肌瘤剔除等;④前次术后无感染情况(子宫内膜炎、腹部伤口感染、产褥感染、术后发热等);⑤前次术后无晚期产后出血及下腹痛等;⑥本次妊娠无严重内科合并症及产科并发症,无头盆     

前次剖腹产孕妇的自然分娩

近年来为降低母婴死亡率,剖腹产手术率有上升的趋势,因此有疤痕子宫的妇女增多。这些妇女日后再孕时,对母婴都有很大的威胁。选择分娩时机及分娩方式有一定的困难,因为影响疤痕牢固愈合的因素很多如:前次手术的指征和妊娠月份,手术方法和技术条件,术后经过的情况及再次妊娠的时间等。本文观察了420例有疤痕子宫的孕妇,其中287例(68.4%)再次剖腹产,133名(31.6%)经自然产科试产。后者前次手术的指征为:38例(28.6%)为胎盘早剥,27例(20.3%)为前置胎盘,23例(17.3%)为临床狭窄骨盆,17例(12.7%)为重症晚期妊高征和     

剖宫产术后2年内再次妊娠的安全性评价

目的:探讨剖宫产术后2年内再次妊娠的安全性及各因素对妊娠结局及新生儿的影响。方法:选取2018年1月至7月于吉林大学第二医院行剖宫产分娩的瘢痕子宫妊娠孕妇162例。按此次妊娠距前次剖宫产的时间将患者分为4组:6个月组、6～12个月组、12～24个月组、24个月组,比较4组的妊娠结局。结果:4组的妊娠期并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。4组的手术时间、监护时间、术后感染、术后出血、术后止疼剂使用情况及新生儿结局等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。6个月组、6～12个月组的子宫瘢痕厚度与12～24组和24个月组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:剖宫产术后1年内选择再次分娩的孕妇,分娩前子宫瘢痕厚度较薄,再次妊娠可能增加子宫破裂风险,剖宫产后1～2年再次妊娠者,子宫瘢痕愈合情况良好,且未增加产科并发症及新生儿的风险,如有生育要求者,可继续妊娠。     

疤痕子宫间隔1年内妊娠再次足月剖宫产102例分析

目的:探讨剖宫产后1年内妊娠再次足月剖宫产的安全性。方法:收集近3年深圳市福田区妇幼保健院及深圳福永人民医院收治的剖宫产术后1年内妊娠至足月的102例孕妇(研究组)及剖宫产术后2~3年妊娠至足月的100例孕妇(对照组)。分析孕妇再次妊娠距前次剖宫产的时间、再次妊娠的原因及此次妊娠的结局。结果:剖宫产术后1年内妊娠者多为4~11个月后妊娠,其终止妊娠方式均为剖宫产,其再次妊娠原因主要为未哺乳或母乳喂养少于4个月,未避孕或避孕失败;子宫下段厚度平均为(0.61±0.28)cm,与对照组(0.53±0.24cm)比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者中盆腔粘连16例、前置胎盘5例、胎盘黏连3例、胎盘植入1例、产后出血6例、隐性子宫破裂2例,与对照组比较(分别为15例、1例、0例、0例、4例、0例),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组的新生儿结局比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:剖宫产术1年内妊娠并维持至足月,并未增加新生儿风险,但其安全性需高度重视。对剖宫产产妇,需在产褥期做好宣教,指导避孕,最好于术后2年再孕,若短期内已妊娠者,应密切观察及时予以适当的产科处理。     

经阴道子宫黏膜下肌瘤剔除术36例临床分析

目的:探讨经阴道行子宫黏膜下肌瘤剔除术的可行性、临床效果和安全性.方法:我院2005年3月至2008年5月经宫腔镜联合B超检查诊断为子宫黏膜下肌瘤36例,均位于子宫下段.肌瘤直径30～63mm,其中30～40mm 13例,41～60mm 20例,61～63mm 3例.行宫腔镜子宫肌瘤电切术失败后,改行经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术.术后随访3～40个月.根据术后月经改善情况、残余肌瘤有无增长、是否再次手术等将疗效分为满意和不满意.结果:36例患者均成功施行手术,手术平均时间64.7±10.4分钟,术中平均出血量200.0±38.4ml,术后平均住院时间4.9±1.2天,术后满意率均达100%,2例要求生育者1例妊娠.结论:对位于子宫下段、肌瘤直径30～63 mm的黏膜下肌瘤,考虑到宫腔镜可能不易切除的,可经阴道行子宫肌瘤剔除术.     

再次剖宫产时对原子宫切口愈合情况相关因素分析

目的:分析再次剖宫产时,原子宫切口愈合情况,探讨影响其愈合的相关因素。方法:本文对78例再次剖宫产者,术中所见及前次手术资料进行临床分析。结果:子宫切口愈合不良的发生率为28.2%,与术后间隔时间、术后感染率、子宫切口位置高低、腹腔粘连程度有关,而与剖宫产时机、孕妇的年龄、职业、孕产史、体重、孕周、胎儿的大小无关。结论:剖宫产后再次妊娠的时间至少应距前次妊娠间隔3年,前次剖宫产有术后病率及子宫切口情况不祥者,再次足月妊娠最好不选择阴道试产,以防子宫破裂发生,确保母婴安全。     

子宫创伤后分娩时机和方式

正>子宫创伤的最常见原因是子宫下段剖宫产手术,其次为子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌瘤剔除术、子宫畸形矫正术等。子宫创伤后形成子宫体部或子宫下段瘢痕。随着国内二孩政策的全面实施,上述原因造成的子宫创伤再次妊娠的孕妇增多。子宫创伤后再次妊娠可能发生子宫破裂,严重威胁母婴的安全,由于创伤子宫再次妊娠分娩过程母婴安全性问题,分娩方式选择     

腹腔镜保守手术治疗子宫腺肌瘤疗效观察

目的探讨子宫腺肌瘤腹腔镜保守手术的临床特点和治疗效果。方法以2004年4月到2007年7月于北京协和医院行腹腔镜子宫腺肌瘤病灶挖除术的72例患者为研究对象,记录其临床特点、辅助治疗、随访结果和妊娠结局,回顾性分析复发和妊娠的相关因素。结果 (1)腹腔镜子宫腺肌瘤病灶挖除术后2年,患者痛经程度减轻,子宫体积缩小,血清CA125值下降,和术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)术后症状复发率34.7%,复发中位时间30个月。复发组患者的年龄和子宫体积更大,术后妊娠者的复发率低于未妊娠者(P<0.05)。(3)和单纯手术组相比,术后辅助促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)组患者的子宫体积更大、多发腺肌瘤及合并子宫内膜异位症的比例更高(P<0.05),但两组复发率差异无统计学意义。(4)术后妊娠率68.8%,分娩率46.9%。妊娠距离手术的中位时间为13个月。未发现影响妊娠的有统计学意义的临床因素。结论对于有生育要求的局限性腺肌瘤患者,腹腔镜子宫腺肌瘤病灶挖除术能有效缓解症状、促进妊娠。年轻、子宫体积大的患者更容易复发,术后妊娠对复发有保护作用。术后联合GnRHa治疗有助于减少复发,但对妊娠的益处尚不肯定。     

前次剖宫产手术对再次妊娠胎盘植入及其类型的影响

目的:探讨前次剖宫产手术对再次妊娠胎盘植入及其类型的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月在成都市妇女儿童中心医院分娩的11025例瘢痕子宫(前次剖宫产术)孕妇的临床资料,其中再次妊娠时1274例发生胎盘植入(粘连型905例,植入型309例,穿透型60例)。分析前次剖宫产是否伴发产后出血、前次剖宫产是否为产程中转急诊手术以及前次剖宫产距离本次妊娠时间与再次妊娠胎盘植入发生以及类型的关系。结果:(1)前次剖宫产伴发产后出血再次妊娠时胎盘植入总的发生率及3种类型的发生率均高于剖宫产后无产后出血组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)前次剖宫产为产程中转急诊手术再次妊娠时胎盘植入总的发生率及3种类型的发生率均高于前次剖宫产为非产程中转手术,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)前次剖宫产距离本次妊娠的不同时间与再次妊娠时胎盘植入总的发生率及三种类型的发生率,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:前次剖宫产手术伴发产后出血、产程中转急诊剖宫产手术与再次妊娠时胎盘植入的发生可能有关,孕期应加强对这部分孕妇的管理。     

Restitutio ad integrum of myometrium after myomectomy. Different results in pregnant and non-pregnant patients

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to check whether there exists a difference in restitutio ad integrum of the uterus after myomectomy performed during Caesarean section and out of pregnancy. METHODS: Two different groups are considered: Group A (n=8) that underwent myomectomy during Caesarean section; Group B (n=10) in which myomectomy was performed out of pregnancy. All patients were followed with serial scan evaluations. RESULTS: The results showed a much more complete and faster absorption of hyperplasia and hypertrophy surrounding fibroid nodules when myomectomy was performed during Caesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: A later pregnancy in patients who underwent myomectomy during Caesarean section might have a favourable outcome, possibly reaching a term gestation and vaginal delivery.     

Early spontaneous rupture of the post myomectomy gravid uterus

Rupture of a pregnant uterus is a serious threat to the mother's life and her fetus. Most of these cases have predisposing factors of which a post myomectomy scar is rare. Rupture of a post myomectomy gravid uterus usually occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy or during labor. We present a case of a very early spontaneous rupture which occurred at the 20th week of gestation in a post myomectomy uterus. To the best of our knowledge no previous report of a ruptured myomectomy scarred uterus has been described at such an early stage.     

Subsequent pregnancy outcome after conservative treatment of a previous cesarean scar pregnancy

BACKGROUND: To assess pregnancy course and outcome after conservative treatment of a cesarean scar pregnancy. METHODS: During an 8-year period, 15 cases of cesarean scar pregnancies were diagnosed at our institution. Seven of the 14 patients for whom we successfully preserved the uterus became pregnant within 3 years after termination of the scar pregnancy. The year of diagnosis, conservative method and gestational age for these five patients were recorded. Delivery method, time interval between the scar pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy, and maternal and neonatal outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Seven pregnancies (eight live and one dead baby) were noted. The mean interval between the ectopic pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy was 13.3 months (range 0-34 months). One patient, who became pregnant 3 months after the scar pregnancy was found, suffered uterine rupture at 38.3 weeks' gestational age. Two patients with placental accrete, and one of them who continued the existing intrauterine twin pregnancy after transvaginal sono-guided aspiration of the scar pregnancy received a cesarean hysterectomy at 32 weeks of gestation. The remaining four pregnancies were uneventful, followed by early cesarean sections at 36 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results of this first series of seven subsequent pregnancies after conservative treatment of scar pregnancies are promising. An early cesarean section before over-extension of the uterus and spontaneous labor can help to prevent uterine rupture. Placenta accrete is another severe morbidity of these patients in addition to uterine rupture. Thus a cesarean hysterectomy may be the choice of treatment.     

瘢痕子宫孕妇孕中晚期引产的方法探讨

目的 探讨瘢痕子宫孕妇孕中晚期引产的适宜方法.方法 选择2002年9月-2009年6月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院因医疗指征于孕中晚期引产的瘢痕子宫孕妇共90例,引产指征为胎儿畸形、严重妊娠并发症、胎死宫内.其中,孕中期72例,孕晚期18例;距离前次子宫手术的间隔时间<2年20例,≥2年70例.肝功能正常者服用米非司酮,并行利凡诺过敏试验,阴性者首选利凡诺羊膜腔注射引产法;试验阳性、羊水过少、孕周过小、利凡诺羊膜腔注射困难或注射失败者采用卡前列甲酯(卡孕栓)引产法.共有54例孕妇采用利凡诺引产(利凡诺组),36例孕妇采用卡孕栓引产(卡孕栓组).(1)记录两组孕妇入院时情况,包括年龄、孕周、孕次、产次;(2)前次导致子宫瘢痕的手术种类、手术方法、有无并发症、前次手术间隔时间;(3)此次妊娠的引产方法,并记录孕妇用药至宫缩发动的时间,用药至胎儿娩出的时间;(4)产后出血量,胎盘滞留率,引产成功率,有无子宫破裂及行全子宫切除术等情况.结果 (1)利凡诺组与卡孕栓组孕妇的年龄、孕次、产次、距前次子宫手术间隔时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).但两组孕妇的引产孕周比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).(2)两组孕妇引产的成功率及产后出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但卡孕栓组孕妇引产用药后宫缩发动的时间及分娩时间明显短于利凡诺组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);卡孕栓组孕妇24 h内分娩率达到94%(34/36),明显高于利凡诺组的13%(7/54),两组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).(3)卡孕栓组孕妇胎盘滞留率(31%,11/35)明显高于利凡诺组(10%,5/52);而利凡诺组胎盘胎膜残留率(54%,28/52)明显高于卡孕栓组(34%,12/35),两组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).但两组孕妇总的产时并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).不良事件发生与前次子宫手术间隔时间的关系分析显示,<2年的孕妇在胎盘滞留、胎盘胎膜残留、胎盘早剥、子宫破裂、产后出血的发生率分别与≥2年的孕妇比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(4)卡孕栓组孕妇中有1例发生子宫破裂,利凡诺组孕妇中有1例宫缩发动1 h后发生胎盘早剥.结论 对瘢痕子宫孕妇于孕中晚期应用利凡诺羊膜腔注射引产和卡孕栓阴道用药引产均是可行的,但需在充分的术前准备及严密监护下进行,以警惕子宫破裂的发生.     

Fertility after laparoscopic myomectomy of large uterine myomas: operative technique and preliminary results

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate indications and complications of laparoscopic myomectomy with regard to the reproductive outcome of infertile women with a large leiomyomatous uterus. METHODS: From January 1997 to July 1999, 144 patients underwent laparoscopic myomectomy for a myoma measuring > or = 5 cm in diameter. Indications for surgery were increase in size of myoma in infertile patients (70.8%), pain (44.4%) or abnormal bleeding (68%). Average size of myomas were 7.8 cm with a range of 5 cm to 18 cm. The myomas were intramural/submucosal (n = 108), subserosal (n = 15), intraligamentous (n = 14) and peduncolated (n = 7). The laparotomy conversion rate was 1.39% (n = 2); one case required a blood transfusion. Operating time ranged from 58 to 180 minutes with an average of 95 minutes. Average hospital stay was 2.6 days and the overall complication rate was 2.08%. Eighteen patients (12.5%) underwent second-look laparoscopy. The rate of postoperative adhesion was 33.3%; there were no adnexal adhesions. In all cases ultrasonography was done one day after the operation and five weeks postoperatively to compare wound healing, the last control showed an irregular hypodense area in only 14 patients (9.7%). RESULTS: Twenty-six patients operated on in 1997 went on to conceive: nine vaginal deliveries, 12 Caesarean sections, four miscarriages and one ectopic pregnancy. No uterine rupture was observed. The pregnancy rate for patients submitted to laparoscopic myomectomy in 1997 (n = 38) was 34.21% at six months (n = 13) and 55.26% (n = 21) at 12 months after the procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results confirm that conception occurs in the majority of infertile women with a large leiomyomatous uterus who undergo myomectomy and second-look laparoscopy leads to a low complication rate.     

Reproductive outcome before and after laparoscopic or abdominal myomectomy for subserous or intramural myomas

Objectives: To analyze the reproductive outcome before and after myomectomy in patients with subserous or intramural myomas, and to assess the factors influencing pregnancy rate after myomectomy. Study design: Out of 128 patients submitted to myomectomy, we considered eligible for this study only the 41 patients wishing to conceive after surgery and who did not present any plausible infertility factor, apart from the removed myomas. We have evaluated the pregnancy outcome prior to and following myomectomy, and analyzed the correlation between conception rate after surgery and patient’s age at the time of the surgery, type of surgery, number and size of the myomas, location of the largest fibroid and previous pregnancies. Results: Nineteen patients had been submitted to abdominal (group A) and 22 to laparoscopic myomectomy (group B). Prior to surgery, 28 pregnancies had occurred in 14 of the 41 patients, with a miscarriage rate of 57.1%. Following surgery 29 pregnancies occurred in 25 patients (60.9%), pregnancy rate being similar in both groups. The postoperative delivery rate was 86.2% whereas the miscarriage rate was reduced to 13.8% (P<0.001). Overall, 60% of deliveries were vaginal. No cases of ectopic pregnancy or uterine rupture occurred. Those patients who conceived after surgery were significantly younger (32.36±4.06 years versus 35.88±3.57 years; P=0.0073), and their removed myomas were significantly larger (5.80±2.69 cm versus 4.28±1.54 cm; P=0.0274). Furthermore, a multivariate analysis shows that, apart from age and diameter, the probability of conceiving after myomectomy is higher in case of intramural myomas (intramural versus subserosal: OR 12.382, 95% CI: 1.61–95.22) or laparoscopic surgery (laparoscopy versus laparotomy: OR 14.062, 95% CI: 1.40–141.15). Conclusions: Our results suggest that myomectomy significantly improves pregnancy outcome in patients with subserous or intramural fibroids, probably removing a plausible cause of altered uterine contractility or blood supply. The main determinants of pregnancy rate after surgery are patient age, diameter and intramural localization of the myomas and type of surgery.     

Determinants of pregnancy rate and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy for infertility

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of myomectomy on infertility and to assess the factors influencing reproductive outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENT(S): One hundred and three infertile women with uterine leiomyoma who had had infertility >2 years and a follow-up time >12 months were enrolled. Follow-up was complete for 88 patients, including 28 (31.8%) with primary infertility and 44 (50%) with unexplained infertility. The mean (+/-SD) age of the patients was 36.1 +/- 2.1 years. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopic myomectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rate according to patient and fibroid characteristics. RESULT(S): Forty-two patients became pregnant (40.7%). The mean (+/-SD) delay in conception was 7.5 +/- 2.6 months. Nearly 80% of the women conceived spontaneously. Of 44 pregnancies in 42 women, 36 live newborns were delivered. No dehiscence of uterine scar occurred. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in women <35 years of age or <3 years of infertility. Women with unexplained infertility had higher pregnancy rate than did women with multifactorial infertility (P<.001). No difference was noted in pregnancy rates according to fibroid characteristics. CONCLUSION(S): Fertility and pregnancy after laparoscopic myomectomy depend primarily on patient age, duration of infertility before myomectomy, and existence of associated infertility factors.     

腹腔镜在治疗剖宫产后子宫瘢痕妊娠中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜在治疗剖宫产后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)中的应用价值.方法:回顾分析2008年3月至2011年5月经腹腔镜诊治7例CSP患者的临床资料.结果:7例患者均腹腔镜下完成手术,治愈并保留子宫,手术成功率100％,平均手术时间85.7±17.2分钟,平均手术出血量202.9±270ml,无中转开腹.6例同时行瘢痕修补,术后血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)降至100 U/L以下时间平均14.6±5.2天,超声显示子宫恢复正常时间平均21.7±30.2天,1例未同时行瘢痕修补的患者,超声显示3个月后子宫恢复正常.结论:腹腔镜在明确CSP诊断的同时还能在阻断双侧子宫动脉后行妊娠物清除和瘢痕修补,是治疗CSP的理想方法.     

Ultrasonographic Features of Uterine Scar after Laparoscopic and Laparoscopy-Assisted Minilaparotomy Myomectomy: A Comparative Study

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate uterine scar features after laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) compared with myomectomy performed by laparoscopy initially and then completed with minilaparotomy (LAM).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAn academic center for advanced endoscopic gynecologic surgery.PatientsSixty-nine symptomatic women who underwent myomectomy between July and December 2018.InterventionPatients underwent LM or LAM and 3-month follow-up ultrasonography.Measurements and Main ResultsForty-four patients underwent LM and 25 underwent LAM. Demographic data, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Two-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound was done at a 3-month follow-up to evaluate myomectomy scar features, myometrial thickness, and the presence of and vascularity of a heterogeneous mass. These features were compared with those of the intact myometrium on the opposite wall of the patient's uterus. The 2 groups had similar demographic characteristics, and there were no significant between-group differences in the number, maximum diameter, type, or location of myomas. The mean myometrial thickness at the scar site was 18.9 ± 3.22 mm in the LM group and 19.7 ± 3.50 mm in the LAM group, with no significant difference between the 2 groups. There was no meaningful difference in vascularity between the scar and normal myometrium. Heterogeneous masses were detected in 23% of patients in the LM group and in 24% of those in the LAM group. Other than mean operative time (207 minutes for LM vs 150 minutes for LAM; p < .001) and mean postoperative reduction in hemoglobin (1.77 mg/dL for LM vs 2.35 mg/dL for LAM; p = .023), there were no other statistical differences between the 2 groups. One patient in the LM group experienced a bowel injury resulting from morcellation.ConclusionThere were no differences in myometrial scar features after LM compared with after LAM, implying effective suturing via both approaches.     

Reproductive outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy for intramural myomas in infertile women with or without associated infertility factors

Aims:   To evaluate reproductive outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy for intramural myomas in infertile women with or without associated infertility factors.
Methods:   A retrospective study was carried out in 30 infertile women with intramural myomas measuring ≥50 mm in diameter and treated using laparoscopy.
Results:   The overall rate of spontaneous intrauterine pregnancy was 50.0% (15 patients). Of 13 patients with infertility factors associated with the uterine myomas, three (23.1%) became pregnant, whereas 12 of 17 patients (70.6%) with no other associated infertility factor became pregnant. No uterine ruptures were observed. All pregnancies were spontaneous and 13 occurred within 1 year of the operation. In the 10 patients who gave birth by Cesarean section, no adhesions were found on the myomectomy scar.
Conclusions:   On the basis of these results, laparoscopic surgery for myomas appears to offer comparable results to laparotomy. In infertile patients with intramural myoma, pregnancy rates are affected by the presence of other infertility factors associated with the uterine myomas. (Reprod Med Biol 2006; 5 : 31–35)