长沙市开福区婴幼儿龋的相关因素分析

目的:了解婴幼儿龋病发病的相关因素.方法:按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,对长沙市开福区5所幼儿园的459名2～4岁学龄前儿童进行龋病检查.由儿童父亲或母亲解答问卷.并对结果进行logistic回归分析.结果:婴幼儿期喂养方式与婴幼儿龋病无明显关系(P＞0.05);含奶嘴睡觉习惯、新生儿早产与婴幼儿龋病的发生有显著关系(P＜0.05).结论:含奶嘴睡觉习惯、新生儿早产是婴幼儿龋病发病的危险因素.为了预防婴幼儿龋病应提高父母素质、宣传正确的饮食方式及注意婴幼儿口腔卫生.     

学龄前儿童乳牙龋病与相关因素的分析

目的研究学龄前儿童患龋情况与口腔卫生习惯、饮食情况、家庭有关因素的关系。方法1149名学龄前儿童随机分为龋病组和无龋病对照组。应用x^2检验筛选出乳牙龋患儿的相关因素，建立logistic回归模型，进行分析。结果餐后漱口、睡前吃零食、母乳喂养与乳牙龋病有关（P〈0．01），每日刷牙次数和母亲文化程度对乳牙龋病也有关（P〈0．05），而用含氟牙膏刷牙与乳牙龋病无关（P〉0．05）。结论加强对家长及儿童口腔卫生保健知识的指导，宣传科学的饮食方式可有效的预防乳牙龋病。     

"摩梭人"龋病流行状况及口腔保健知识的调查

目的 :本调查旨在了解“摩梭人”龋患情况及对龋病相关知识的认识。方法 :选择“摩梭人”886人 ,男 389人 ,女 4 97人。口腔专业人员进行问卷和口腔内检查 ,用WHO(1997)口腔健康调查表 ,记录每户家庭内受检者的龋、失、补牙数 (DMFT)以及对龋病相关知识的认识。采用龋均 (XDMFT)和患龋率 (cariesprevalencerate)来描述受检人群龋病的严重程度。结果 :调查发现龋病常在家族中流行 ,该人群的龋患率为 4 8% ,龋均为 4 .9。其中女性的患龋率明显高于男性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。女性龋均为 6 .95± 0 .5 ,患龋率 86 .9% ;男性龋均为 1.6 5± 0 .3,患龋率为 11.4 % ,男女之间每天刷牙及饮食习惯无明显差异。调查群体大部分缺乏对龋病病因及如何预防等知识的认识。结论 :“摩梭人”口腔卫生状况很差 ,龋患情况较严重 ,龋病的发生有明显的性别特征。在该地区应积极开展防龋工作 ,重视口腔卫生保健知识宣传教育工作 ,提高“摩梭人”的口腔自我保健意识。     

婴幼儿喂养方式、口腔卫生行为、父母口腔卫生知识与奶瓶龋的关系

目的：了解城市社区婴幼儿奶瓶龋与喂养方式、口腔卫生行为以及父母口腔卫生知识的相关性,为今后婴幼儿防龋工作提供科学依据。方法：选择上虞市百官街道社区卫生院2009年4月份接受预防接种的6、9、12、18个月的婴幼儿共300名,进行奶瓶龋检查。对300名父母进行问卷调查,内容包括婴幼儿基本资料、喂养方式、喂养后口腔卫生行为及父母口腔卫生知识等。分析300名婴幼儿奶瓶龋与其父母调查内容的相关性。采用SPSS14.0软件包对数据进行χ2检验。结果：母乳喂养和人工喂养与奶瓶龋的发生无明显关系,含奶瓶或乳头睡觉习惯与奶瓶龋的发生有明显关系。婴幼儿喂食后父母实施口腔卫生行为的奶瓶龋发生率明显低于无口腔卫生行为组,有显著性差异。婴幼儿喂食后再喂少量白开水的父母比例明显高于用手指套湿纱布清洗口腔的父母比例。56.7%的家长不知道奶瓶龋的危害。结论：婴幼儿喂养方式、口腔卫生行为及父母的口腔卫生知识与奶瓶龋的发生有一定的相关性。     

不同龋敏感人群牙菌斑中变形链球菌的检测

目的 :探讨不同龋敏感人群牙菌斑中变形链球菌的检出情况和血清分型与龋病的关系。方法 :采用经典生化和血清学鉴定方法 ,对不同龋敏感人群菌斑中的变形链球菌进行分离、鉴定。结果 :血清c型变形链球菌在牙菌斑中检出率最高 ,在高龋组中变形链球菌群细菌和变形链球菌培养阳性率明显高于无龋组 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论 :变形链球菌群细菌尤其是变形链球菌的数量与龋病发生有直接关系     

幼儿唾液中的钙含量及其与患龋状况的关系

目的 :探讨幼儿唾液中的离子钙、总钙含量及两者比值与患龋状况的关系。方法 :将 99名 3～ 5岁乳牙列期儿童依据龋患程度分为无龋组、龋病低危组与高危组。采用原子吸收光谱仪 (火焰法 )和离子选择性电极对三组儿童唾液中的总钙含量 (Ca)和离子钙含量 (Ca2 + )分别测定 ,并计算两者比值 (Ca2 + /Ca) ,统计分析此三种指标与患龋状况的关系。结果 :受检乳牙列期儿童唾液中离子钙含量为 (0 .15 8± 0 .0 4 3)mmol/L ,总钙含量 (1.4 36± 0 .30 0 )mmol/L ,离子钙 /总钙含量值为 0 .112。三项指标在性别间无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。唾液离子钙与总钙含量在无龋组、龋病低危组、龋病高危组之间无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但无龋组的离子钙 /总钙比值高于龋病低危组与高危组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :乳牙列期儿童唾液中离子钙或总钙含量并不能反映个体的龋患状况 ,但离子钙与总钙的比值或可作为评价儿童患龋状况的一个参考指标。     

松江地区水氟含量与龋病关系的研究(摘要)

目的　了解松江地区水氟含量与龋病的关系 ,探索防治龋病的方法。方法　对 8488名中小学生于 1990～ 1994年每年检查龋病情况 ,并测定该地区水氟含量。结果　乳牙男、女龋病无显著性差异 ,乳牙萌出后不久就可罹患龋病 ,以后随年龄递增 ;6～ 7岁时恒牙的龋患率、龋均较低 ,随着年龄的增长逐步上升。 11～ 18岁同龄组女性龋患率、龋均显著高于男性 (Ｐ <0 .0 5、Ｐ <0 .0 1)。乳恒牙龋及龋均与水氟含量呈负相关关系 (- 1<ｒ<0 )。当水氟在 0 .6～ 0 .93ｐｐｍ时 ,龋病发生较少。龋患率、龋均呈现城镇高于农村。松江地区水氟含量与龋病关系的研…     

上海市某卫校学生口腔卫生习惯与患龋状况的调查分析

目的 建立17～19岁学生龋齿发病基线资料,探讨龋病与口腔卫生习惯等相关性。方法 采用WHO标准检查1027名女学生牙齿,以DMFT评价龋状况,同时对学生进行口腔卫生习惯问卷调查。结果 学生患龋率为54％,DMFT为1.3;龋病与每日刷牙次数、每次刷牙所用时间及牙齿软垢指数没有显著相关性,而与经常使用含氟牙膏有显著相关性(P<0.05);有睡前吃零食习惯和经常喝碳酸饮料者在患龋人群中的比例明显高于非龋人群(P<0.01);刷牙时出血者在有龋人群中的比例低于无龋人群(P<0.01);认为定期检查无所谓及治疗时疼痛者在有龋人群中的比例高于无龋人群;认为无必要定期检查及牙病能够忍受者在无龋人群中的比例高于有龋人群(P<0.01);评价自身牙齿健康者在无龋人群中的比例高于有龋者;对自身牙齿不满意者在有龋人群中的比例高于无龋者(P<0.01)。结论 加强学生口腔卫生观念、改变不良生活习惯和口腔卫生习惯,有益于降低龋齿发病率。     

五倍子抑龋作用的实验研究

目的 :观察中药五倍子对釉质龋形成、发展的影响。方法 :采用多种致龋菌体外培养形成类似于口内的多菌种致龋菌斑 ,与釉质块共同孵育 ,形成釉质龋。测量龋损深度及脱矿液内的Ca、P含量 ,用扫描电镜观察釉质龋表面形态。结果 :五倍子对龋发生过程中的脱Ca具有抑制作用 ,与去离子水组比较具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,但作用小于 2 0ml/LNaF(P <0 .0 5 )。对龋损深度的影响与去离子水组有显著性差异 ,与2 0ml/LNaF组无显著性差异。结论 :在龋发生过程中五倍子可能对龋病的进展具有抑制作用。     

哺育方式对乳牙龋病的影响

目的 了解不同哺育方式对乳牙龋病的影响。方法 对418名3～6岁的入托儿童进行母亲孕期情况及哺育方式调查,并由同一名口腔医师进行乳牙患龋率调查。结果 不同哺育方式与乳牙龋病没有明显的相关性(P>0.05);乳牙患龋率及龋均随年龄增长逐步上升,6岁年龄组与其他组相比患龋率有显著差别(P<0.01)。结论 哺育方式对乳牙龋病的影响主要是通过对菌斑的影响、对局部及全身免疫功能的影响来实现;提示从入托小儿起应养成良好的口腔卫生习惯。     

A comparison of a generic and oral health–specific measure in assessing the impact of early childhood caries on quality of life

Lee GHM, McGrath C, Yiu CKY, King NM. A comparison of a generic and oral health–specific measure in assessing the impact of early childhood caries on quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 333–339. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a generic health‐related quality‐of‐life measure, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQL? 4.0) and an oral health–specific quality‐of‐life measure, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) in assessing the impact of severe early childhood caries (S‐ECC) on the children’s quality of life. Methods: A trained and calibrated examiner conducted a clinical oral assessment of 111 children (mean age: 49 ± 12 months): 64 of whom were categorized as having S‐ECC and 47 as being caries‐free. Primary caregivers completed a Chinese version of the PedsQL? 4.0 and the ECOHIS. Clinical examinations were conducted blind of the parental assessments. Results: The ECOHIS scores were significantly higher for the S‐ECC group than for the caries‐free group (P ≤ 0.001). No significant difference was found between the PedsQL? 4.0 scores in relation to caries status, except for the subscale of physical functioning (P = 0.04). Correlation of caries status with the ECOHIS scores was strong (r = 0.66; P < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between PedsQL? 4.0 scores and caries status (r = 0.02; P > 0.05). Conclusions: The oral health–specific measure, ECOHIS, shows better discriminant property between children with S‐ECC and caries‐free children than the generic measure, PedsQL? 4.0. The ECOHIS appears more sensitive than PedsQL? 4.0 in assessing the impact of dental caries on the life quality of preschool children.     

Relationships Between Caregivers' Responses to Oral Health Screening Questions and Early Childhood Caries

Objective: This study evaluated relationships between caregiver responses to oral health screening questions and caries in young children. Methods: Two samples of caregivers answered identical eight‐item screening questionnaires about their oral health. One sample included children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) who were 24 to 42 months of age; the other sample included 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children attending a pediatric dental clinic. Using chi‐square and relative risk, questionnaire findings were related to children's caries history based on clinical caries exams. Results: Questions significantly (P < 0.05) related to children's caries in the older sample included caregivers' poorer rating of their oral health, less frequent dental visits, current or recent caries, and history of tooth loss due to caries. However, only questions pertaining to tooth loss were related to caries in the younger sample. Conclusion: Caregivers' reported loss of teeth due to caries was significantly associated with caries development in their children in both samples, and may be a useful means for early identification of children at high risk.     

上海市1296名3~5岁儿童龋病及其相关危险因素分析

目的 了解上海市3~5岁儿童低龄儿童龋患病情况及相关危险因素,为龋病防治提供参考。方法 根据第4次全国口腔健康流行病学调查要求,采用多阶段分层、等容量随机抽样方法,抽取上海市1 296名4个区、12个幼儿园中3~5岁儿童进行龋病检查,对其家长进行口腔健康知识问卷调查。采用SPSS 21.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果 上海市3~5岁儿童的乳牙患龋率、龋均分别为58.07%、2.99,各年龄组及性别间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。龋病相关单因素分析及多因素Logistics回归分析均显示,饮用甜饮料频率高、睡前吃甜食、刷牙频率少于每天1次、开始刷牙年龄大于2岁、家长受教育程度低及口腔健康知识水平差是患龋的危险因素。结论 上海市3~5岁儿童乳牙患龋率较高,加强儿童的饮食习惯及口腔卫生行为教育,提高家长口腔健康知识水平,是防治儿童龋病的有效途径。     

Caries in adolescence - influence from early childhood

Alm A, Wendt LK, Koch G, Birkhed D, Nilsson M. Caries in adolescence – influence from early childhood. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 125–133. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objective: To analyse the relationship between caries determinants in early childhood and caries prevalence in proximal surfaces in adolescents at the age of 15 years. Methods: The present longitudinal study is part of a series of surveys of oral health in 671 children followed from 1 to 15 years of age. Data were selected from examinations, interviews and questionnaires at 1, 3 and 6 years and bitewing radiographs at 15 years of age. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify caries‐related determinants. The outcome variable was carious lesions and fillings (DFa) in approximal tooth surfaces at 15 years of age. Statistical comparisons were made between caries‐free teenagers, DFa = 0 and teenagers with DFa > 0, DFa ≥ 4 and DFa ≥ 8, respectively. Results: In the final logistic regression analyses, caries experience at 6 years and mother’s self‐estimation of her oral health care as being less good to poor remained statistically significant and were related to caries in all three caries groups (i.e. DF > 0, ≥4 and ≥8) at 15 years of age. The consumption of sweets at 1 year remained statistically significant, with a caries experience of DF ≥ 4 and ≥ 8. The variables ‘parents born abroad’ and female gender were statistically significantly associated with DFa ≥ 4 and DFa ≥ 8, respectively. Furthermore, infrequent toothbrushing habits at 3 years of age and failure to attend the examination at 1 year were statistically significantly associated with caries at 15 years in the univariable analyses. Conclusion: Early caries experience, consumption of sweets at an early age and mother’s self‐estimation of her oral health care as being less good to poor are associated with approximal caries in adolescents. The study indicates that caries determinants identified during early childhood have a strong impact on approximal caries in adolescence.     

维生素D水平与低龄儿童龋风险的相关性分析

目的探讨维生素D水平与低龄儿童龋(early childhood caries,ECC)发生风险的相关性分析,为ECC儿童的一级预防提供依据。方法收集389名6~48月龄儿童的月龄、喂养方式、口腔健康行为等资料,记录龋、失、补指数(decayed?missing?filled teeth,dmft),分为ECC组(n=146)和无龋组(n=243),采集指尖末梢血检测维生素D体内活性形式--25?羟维生素D[25(OH)D],采集牙菌斑行龋活跃性检验检测龋态(Cariostat)值,Logistic回归分析25(OH)D等龋相关因素与ECC发生风险的相关性。结果25(OH)D缺乏、不足、正常的儿童的患龋率差异无统计学意义(c2=2.320,P=0.313)。dmft与25(OH)D水平之间无相关(dmft=1~3,r<0.001,P>0.05;dmft>3,r=0.009,P>0.05)。而月龄(OR=1.082,95%CI:1.045~1.121,P<0.001)、出生后6个月内母乳喂养(OR=2.789,95%CI:1.581~4.921,P<0.001)、吃夜奶或含乳头睡(OR=4.187,95%CI:1.938~9.048,P<0.001)、1.5~3.0的高Cariostat值(OR=4.173,95%CI:2.014~8.646,P<0.001)是ECC的风险因素。结论25(OH)D水平与6~48月龄儿童龋无相关性,而月龄、出生后6个月内母乳喂养、吃夜奶或含乳头睡、高龋活跃性(Cariostat值1.5~3.0)是ECC的风险因素,提倡母乳喂养的同时,应为幼儿树立良好的喂养习惯及口腔卫生习惯。     

上海5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况及危险因素分析

目的了解上海5岁儿童龋病流行情况及易感因素。方法对上海市15所幼儿园1478名5岁幼儿进行口腔检查,对患龋高危儿童和无龋儿童家长进行问卷调查,应用χ2检验筛选出乳牙龋病易感者的相关因素,进行Logistic回归分析。结果①5岁儿童无龋率为33.58%,33.21%儿童dmft≥6,这部分龋高发儿童龋、失、补牙数之和占总龋、失、补牙数之和的75.53%,患龋状况呈明显的两极化分布。②睡前进食甜食、家长是否监督或帮助刷牙在两组儿童间有显著性差异(P<0.01);父母口腔健康知识态度、父母受教育程度、牛奶加糖、开始刷牙年龄、进食甜食频率亦有统计学差异(P<0.05);而是否早产、孕期患病、喂养方式、刷牙频率、是否使用含氟牙膏因素在两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。③Logistic回归分析结果显示,乳牙龋与父母口腔健康知识态度、睡前进食甜食、开始刷牙年龄、父母受教育程度、家长监督/帮助刷牙有关。结论加强对父母口腔健康知识的宣传、刷牙指导,限制糖的摄入及避免不当进糖方式对预防乳牙龋极为重要。     

Feeding Practices and Early Childhood Caries in Korean Preschool Children

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between feeding practices and early childhood caries using representative Korean national survey data.MethodsData of 2772 children (aged 1-3 years) from the fourth to seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2018) were analysed. Data on decayed-filled teeth (dft) were obtained, and early childhood caries was determined as dft ≥1. Chi-squared test was performed to examine the experiencing of dental caries by participant characteristics, whilst analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference in dft values amongst the 3 groups (breast-feeding, mixed-feeding, and formula-feeding groups). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between feeding practice and early childhood caries.ResultsComparison of the mean dft values amongst the 3 groups showed the highest value in the breast-feeding group. Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that the likelihood of experiencing dental caries was significantly lower in the mixed-feeding group than in the breast-feeding group, whereas no significant difference was seen between the formula-feeding and breast-feeding groups. The likelihood of early childhood caries was higher in the group that introduced weaning food at ≥6 months than that at 4- to 6-month age, whilst the introduction of cow's milk and use of nutritional supplements had no significant association with the likelihood of early childhood caries.ConclusionsBreast-feeding and delayed introduction of weaning food were associated with a higher likelihood of early childhood caries.     

Oral health of young children in Mississippi Delta child care centers: a second look at early childhood caries risk assessment

Objectives: To identify the predictors of early childhood caries and urgent dental treatment need among primarily African‐American children in child care centers in the Delta region of Mississippi. The purpose of this study was to replicate predictors of caries and urgent dental treatment needs that were identified in an earlier study conducted in Delta child care centers and to assess additional caries risk factors not collected in the original study. Methods: Children in 19 child care centers were examined by the dentists, and the parents provided data on oral health practices, oral health history, and on children's oral health‐related quality of life (QOL). The dentists also assessed visible plaque and tested levels of mutans streptococci. Predictors of caries and treatment need among children 24 to 71 months of age were examined using logistic regression. Results: Two parent predictors of caries identified in the earlier study (parent flossing and soft/sugary drink consumption) were not predictive in the current study. Parent history of abscess continued to predict their child's urgent need for treatment. Young children's level of salivary mutans streptococci, maxillary incisor visible plaque, and parents' reports of child oral health‐related QOL measures predicted the presence of both caries and urgent treatment need. Some expected predictors, such as frequency of child's toothbrushing, were not predictive of caries. Conclusions: Parental abscess and parent's report of the child's oral health‐related QOL are risk indicators for poor oral health outcomes that could be used by nondental personnel to identify young children in need of early preventive intervention and dental referral.     

3--6岁儿童龋齿患病情况调查及相关因素分析

目的了解呼和浩特市3～6岁儿童龋齿发病情况及影响龋齿的相关因素,为学龄前儿童防治龋病提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,随机抽取6所幼儿园的1358名3-6岁儿童进行口腔龋齿检查,并对其口腔卫生、生活习惯等进行问卷调查。使用Epidata3．0软件录入问卷,SPSS15．0进行统计分析。结果1358名儿童乳牙龋患率为51．3％,6岁组儿童龋患率较高为68．3％,龋均为2．77,不同性别龋齿患病率无统计学差异（P〉0．5）。经多因素分析,发现年龄、喂养方式、早晚坚持刷牙、甜食摄入及家长对口腔健康的重视程度与儿童龋患有着密切关系。结论本地区学龄前儿童龋齿患病率较高,应加大健康教育宣传力度,家长定期检查口腔卫生问题,促使儿童尽早刷牙,控制儿童龋齿患病率。     

婴幼儿龋病与喂养方式的关系

目的：了解婴幼儿龋病的发生与喂养方式的关系。方法：对1178例8－54个月婴幼儿进行了龋病流行情况调查并对200例24－35个月的婴幼儿的母亲作问卷调查,获得有效问卷186份、其中患龋儿童92例,无龋儿童94例。结果：有母乳喂养经验的婴幼儿患龋率高于人工喂养的,但无统计学上的差异,而母乳喂养超过12个月的儿童中,患龋率随时间的延长而增高,有母喂养经历的婴幼儿入睡时含有乳头的比例明显主于人工喂养的,同时随母乳时间的延长,婴幼儿入睡时含有乳头的比例增大、具有统计学,且含有乳头入睡的婴幼儿患龄率（72．67％）明显高于不含乳头入睡的（36．67％）。结论婴幼儿期的喂养方式对婴幼儿龋病的发生有一定的影响,在提高母乳喂养的同时,还应对母亲进行婴幼儿口腔健康知识的宣传,来预防婴幼儿龋病的发生。