Effect of lubricants and a vaginal spermicide gel on the detection of prostate specific antigen,a biomarker of semen exposure,using a quantitative (Abbott ARCHITECT) assay

Objectives

Little is known about the effects of commonly used lubricants on detection of biomarkers of semen exposure. We investigated the in vitro effect of Gynol®, K-Y Jelly®, Replens®, Astroglide®, Carbopol, and Silicorel on quantitative detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA).

Study Design

A predetermined concentration of each of the gels was added to serially diluted semen samples. Additionally, serial dilutions of each of the gels were added to three different semen dilutions (high, medium, or low). The resulting samples were tested for PSA on the Abbott ARCHITECT System.

Results

When using the Abbott ARCHITECT system, the only products that inhibited PSA detection were Gynol® and Replens®. The inhibition caused by Gynol® was dose-dependent, but that of Replens was dose-independent. K-Y Jelly®-spiked samples had higher PSA values than controls.

Conclusions

Caution is warranted when using the Abbott quantitative assay for PSA detection as a biomarker of semen exposure in settings where Gynol®, Replens® or K-Y Jelly® might also have been used. Neither Astroglide® nor Silicorel inhibited PSA detection. Additional studies evaluating other vaginal products, including microbicides, and their effects on other assays, are needed. In vivo studies will be especially important to optimize PSA detection from clinical samples.

Implications

Researchers should consider the potential for specific lubricants or any vaginal products to affect the particular assay used for semen biomarker detection. The Abbott ARCHITECT’s total PSA assay should not be used with the product Replens. Caution is warranted when using the assay in settings where Gynol or K-Y jelly may have been used.     

乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与其血清标志物及DNA的关系分析

目的 探讨HBV前S1抗原(Pre-S1)与HBV血清标志物(HBV-M)及HBV DNA的关系.方法 采用ELISA法检测880例乙型肝炎患者血清Pre-S1和HBV-M,采用荧光定量PCR法检测HBV DNA载量,并分析三者间的相关性.结果 在880例乙型肝炎患者中,前S1抗原和HBeAg的阳性率分别为56.25％...     

前列腺体积和无症状性前列腺组织炎症对血清PSA的影响

目的探讨前列腺体积和无症状性前列腺组织炎症对血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的影响。方法对因血清PSA增高(>4.00ng/ml)行前列腺穿刺活检但结果为良性前列腺增生(BPH)的患者进行分组,穿刺组织中无炎症存在,则为BPH组;穿刺组织中有炎症存在,则再分为急性炎症组和慢性炎症组;共126例患者入选,其中BPH组47例,急性炎症组45例,慢性炎症组34例。经直肠B超测量所有患者的前列腺体积;分析前列腺体积及炎症的类型对血清PSA的影响。结果三组患者的血清PSA分别为(5.76±3.21)、(8.67±2.92)、(5.54±3.01)ng/ml,急性炎症组血清PSA较BPH组和慢性炎症组明显增高(P<0.01)。三组患者的前列腺体积分别为(41.2±14.6)、(31.1±11.3)、(39.6±9.8)ml。前列腺体积可明显影响血清PSA(P<0.01),且血清PSA与前列腺体积呈正相关(r=0.613,P<0.01)。结论前列腺体积的增大和前列腺穿刺活检组织中的急性炎症均可使血清PSA明显升高,评估前列腺穿刺活检(重复活检)指征时应予重视。     

Use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to measure semen exposure resulting from male condom failures: implications for contraceptive efficacy and the prevention of sexually transmitted disease

Accurate measurement of semen exposure resulting from condom failures can refine public health messages and improve predictions of condom efficacy in preventing pregnancy and HIV transmission. Eight hundred and thirty couples enrolled in a condom efficacy study were asked to collect a baseline sample of ejaculate from the inside of the first study condom they used and to collect a postcoital vaginal sample whenever a study condom broke or slipped off during intercourse. All samples were quantitatively tested for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a substance found only in human semen, using rocket immunoelectrophoresis, and inspected microscopically for presence of sperm. Sixty-eight baseline ejaculate samples collected from the inside of the first study condom by couples who subsequently experienced a condom failure averaged 13.4 microg PSA per swab and 79% of the samples averaged one or more sperm per high power field (hpf). Seventy-nine postcoital vaginal samples obtained after a condom break averaged 5.7 microg PSA per swab and only 38% averaged one or more sperm per hpf. The PSA results indicated a 50% reduction in semen exposure compared to baseline levels (p = 0.0001). Seventeen samples obtained after a condom slip-off averaged 2.5 microg PSA per swab and none of the samples averaged one or more sperm per hpf. The PSA results indicated an 80% reduction in semen exposure compared to baseline levels (p = 0.0001). Our results suggest that even condoms that fail reduce the risk of pregnancy and the transmission of sexually transmitted disease compared to unprotected intercourse. We also used PSA results to adjust a model designed to predict consistent-use pregnancy rates from condom breakage and slippage data.     

Vaginal swab specimen processing methods influence performance of rapid semen detection tests: a cautionary tale

Background

Detection of semen biomarkers in vaginal fluid can be used to assess women's recent exposure to semen. Quantitative tests for detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) perform well, but are expensive and require specialized equipment. We assessed two rapid immunochromatographic strip tests for identification of semen in vaginal swabs.

Study Design

We tested 581 vaginal swabs collected from 492 women. Vaginal secretions were eluted into saline, and PSA was measured using the quantitative IMx (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA) assay. Specimens were also tested using the ABAcard p30 test (Abacus Diagnostics, West Hills, CA, USA) for detection of PSA and RSID-Semen test (Independent Forensics, Hillside, IL, USA) for detection of semenogelin (Sg).

Results

Vaginal swab extraction using saline was compatible with direct assessment of vaginal swab eluates using ABAcard for PSA detection, but not for Sg detection using RSID. The rapid PSA test detected 91% of specimens containing semen compared to 74% by the rapid Sg test.

Conclusion

Investigators are urged to optimize vaginal swab specimen preparation methods for performance of RSID or other tests to detect semen components other than PSA. Previously described methods for PSA testing are not uniformly applicable to other tests.     

乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与其DNA相关性研究

目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前S1抗原(PreS1)与HBV DNA的相关性及其临床应用价值.方法 对132例乙型肝炎患者进行HBV血清标志物、HBV DNA和PreS<,1>检测与分析.结果 PrS1在乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)阳性组中检出率为84.21%,高于其在HBeAg阴性组中的检出率32.98%(P＜0.01);HBV DNA阳性组中PreS1阳性率为92.45%,显著高于HBV DNA阴性组的17.72%(P＜0.01).HBeAg与HBV DNA均阳性模式的PreS1阳性率在乙型肝炎所有血清标志模式中最高,达90.63%.结论 HBV PreS1与具有病毒复制活动性意义的指标(HBeAg和HBV DNA)有良好的相关性,HBV PreS1的检测可以较好地反映HBV的复制情况.     

乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与其DNA相关性研究

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）前S1抗原（PreS1）与HBV DNA的相关性及其临床应用价值。方法对132例乙型肝炎患者进行HBV血清标志物、HBV DNA和PreS1检测与分析。结果PreS1在乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg）阳性组中检出率为84．21％，高于其在HBeAg阴性组中的检出率32．98％（P〈0．01）；HBV DNA阳性组中PreS1阳性率为92．45％，显著高于HBV DNA阴性组的17．72％（P〈0．01）。HBeAg与HBV DNA均阳性模式的PreS1阳性率在乙型肝炎所有血清标志模式中最高，达90．63％。结论HBV PreS1与具有病毒复制活动性意义的指标（HBeAg和HBV DNA）有良好的相关性，HBV PreS1的检测可以较好地反映HBV的复制情况。     

Late administration of plasmid DNA by intradermal electroporation efficiently boosts DNA-primed T and B cell responses to carcinoembryonic antigen

Heterologous boost immunisation is considered the most efficient way to enhance DNA-primed immune responses. We have previously shown that administration of recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) efficiently boosts humoral responses in mice primed with CEA DNA. However, clinical grade recombinant proteins are far more intriguing to produce than plasmid DNA. Therefore, the possibility to use plasmid DNA for both priming and boosting would be beneficial. With the prospect of future use in a clinical trial, we investigated if electroporation-mediated delivery of DNA could be used to boost DNA-primed immune responses to CEA. The Biojector was used to prime BALB/c mice intradermally three times with CEA66 DNA, encoding an intracellular modified form of CEA. Twelve weeks after the last prime, the animals received either one injection of recombinant CEA or one intradermal injection of twtCEA DNA, encoding the wild type CEA fused to a tetanus T helper epitope, in combination with electroporation. Boosting with rCEA protein did not enhance T cell responses to CEA but induced CEA-specific IgG in 4 of 8 mice. In contrast, intradermal delivery of twtCEA DNA by electroporation led to a tenfold increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells, compared to the levels obtained after the third priming immunisation. The DNA boost also induced high CEA-specific IgG titers in all immunised animals (8/8). The data suggests that a late DNA boost, in combination with enhanced DNA delivery by electroporation, could be used to enhance the efficiency of DNA vaccination and substitute for a heterologous protein boost vaccination.     

辛伐他汀对中老年患者前列腺特异性抗原的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀-9前列腺特异性抗原（prostatespecificantigen,PSA）的关系。方法对54例辛伐他汀组服用辛伐他汀6个月和74例对照组患者进行服药前后血清总前列腺特异性抗原（t-PSA）、血清游离前列腺特异性抗原,总前列腺特异性抗原（f／t-PSA）、血肌酐、尿素氮、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、年龄和体质量指数的观察。结果服药前两组比较．除总胆固醇外．其他各项指标差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。服药后辛伐他汀组和对照组比较,PSA、f／t-PSA、总胆固醇明显下降（P〈0．011。服药前后两组分别比较,辛伐他汀组服药后较服药前PSA、f／t-PSA、总胆固醇和三酰甘油均明显降低（P〈0．05）：而对照组各项指标差异均无统计学意义沪〉0．05）。服药前后t-PSA、f／t-PSA、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、血肌酐和尿素氮的差值在辛伐他汀组和对照组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论口服辛伐他汀可以降低血PSA水平,临床意义有待进一步观察。     

乙肝病毒DNA与前S1抗原在产前检查中的意义

目的:探讨乙肝病毒DNA(HBV DNA)和前S1抗原(Pre-S1 Ag)在产前检查中的意义。方法:从产前检查孕产妇标本中筛选出乙肝表面抗原阳性[HBsAg(+)]标本417例,乙肝病毒血清标志物(HBV-M)全阴性标本50例为对照,分别采用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法(TRFIA)检测HBV-M,荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测HBV DNA和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测Pre-S1 Ag,对结果进行对比分析。结果:417例HBsAg(+)孕产妇中,HBV DNA与Pre-S1 Ag总阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HBV DNA与Pre-S1 Ag阳性率均高于HBeAg(-)组(P<0.05)。在185例HBV DNA(+)患者中有61例Pre-S1 Ag为阴性,232例HBV DNA(-)患者中有45例Pre-S1 Ag为阳性。50例血清标志物全阴性标本的HBV DNA与Pre-S1 Ag均为阴性。结论:在产前检查中增加HBV DNA与Pre-S1 Ag检测是对乙肝血清标志物的良好补充,联合检测有助于准确判断孕产妇体内是否存在乙肝病毒复制,以便临床及时采取阻断措施,减少病毒母婴传播。     

乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与HBV DNA及HBeAg关系

目的　探讨乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)前S1抗原 (PreS1Ag)与HBVDNA和HBeAg之间的关系 ,以评价其在乙肝诊疗中的作用。方法　用ELISA法对 2 2 5例HBeAg阳性标本进行PreS1Ag和HBV血清标志物的检测 ,用PCR-ELISA法测定HBVDNA。结果　PreS1Ag在HBVDNA和HBsAg阳性组织中的检出率均明显高于相应的阴性组(均为P <0 0 1)。HBeAg阴性组中PreS1Ag的检出率为 4 3 0 % ,PreS1Ag与HBVDNA的符合率为 70 6 % ,与HBeAg的符合率为 6 8 4 %。结论　PreS1Ag与HBVDNA、HBeAg呈良好的相关性。作为反映HBV感染和复制的指标 ,PreS1Ag较HBeAg更敏感。     

HDV重组抗原的测定及与其它抗原的比较

[目的]为了研究重组HDV抗原的性质及与其它HDV抗原的差别。[方法]本文用ELISA方法对重组HDAg进行了测定,并与肝脏提取的HDAg及美国HDAg进行了比较实验。[结果]重组HDAg能与抗-HD特异性结合,中和抑制试验平均抑制率为86％,该抗原在37℃放置1～7d稳定性良好。[结论]三种抗原对抗-HD阳性血清和HBsAg阳性血清的检测结果一致,表明基因重组 HDAg可以替代诊断试剂中的其他HDV抗原。     

单纯PSA增高大前列腺体积良性前列腺增生患者的诊治（附71例报告）

目的探讨单纯前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）增高大前列腺体积良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者的诊治。方法选取大前列腺体积（〉75ml）伴单纯PSA增高（〉4．00ng／ml，无其他前列腺癌迹象）的BPH患者共71例，采取B超引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检，分别在术后1周、1个月、3个月复查血清PSA。结果穿刺活检发现前列腺癌8例（11．27％），BPH63例（88．73％）。所有BPH患者均行耻骨上前列腺摘除术，术后病理检查均为BPH，术后1周有31例（49．21％）PSA降至正常[平均PSA（2．89±0．71）ng／ml，P〈0．01]；1个月有46例（73．02％）PSA降至正常[平均PSA（2．36±0．65）ng／ml，P〈0．01]，3个月有61例（96．83％）PSA降至正常[平均PSA（2．12±0．36）ng／ml，P〈0．01]，1例PSA6．77ng／ml，1例PSA18．34ng／ml。2例PSA仍高患者予重复穿刺，1例为BPH，予继续观察，1例为前列腺癌。结论单纯PSA增高大前列腺体积BPH患者穿刺活检阳性率低，可不予行前列腺穿刺活检而直接行耻骨上前列腺摘除术，术后定期复查血清PSA可预防前列腺癌的漏诊。     

The use of prostate-specific antigen testing in the detection of localized prostate cancer: Current opinion and urological practice in the United Kingdom

Background: The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and itsinterpretation plays a crucial role in the detection of earlylocalized prostate cancer. However, inaccuracy of the test,inability to predict the aggressiveness of the disease and thelack of evidence about the comparative effectiveness of treatmentshave led to major dilemmas in considering whether to employthe PSA test and which cut-off points to use in interpretingits results. The aim of this study was to evaluate current urologicalpractice in the UK regarding the use of PSA testing. Methods:A postal questionnaire survey of all consultant urologist membersof the British Association of Urological Surgeons was conducted.Statistical analysis included proportional odds regression modelsto examine factors associated with urologists' preferences fordifferent definitions of ‘normal’ PSA cut-off levels.Results: The survey response rate was 60%. The majority of consultanturologists applied the PSA test routinely. There was a highlevel of agreement amongst UK urologists on normal PSA cut-offpoints (<4.0 ng/ml) for asymptomatic men under 60 years ofage. There was very wide variation in the definition of normalPSA cut-offs for older (60 years) asymptomatic men. A preferencefor lower cut-off points, leading to investigation with ultrasoundand biopsy, was significantly associated with larger urologydepartment size, the presence of a prostate cancer subspecialistin the department and relatively short length of specializationin urology. Conclusions: Prostate cancer screening and earlydetection practices and reported incidence rates of the diseaseare likely to be influenced by variation in urologists' interpretationsof PSA. Despite increasing evidence in favour of lower PSA cut-offlevels, particularly for younger men (<60 years), urologistsin the UK are divided over their interpretation. Men, particularlyover age 60 years, have varying chances of further investigationfollowing PSA testing. Any trial of prostate cancer screeningor treatment should take this potential variation into account.Standard protocols for PSA interpretation should be implemented.     

Comparative study of the immune effect of an Edwardsiella tarda antigen in two forms: subunit vaccine vs DNA vaccine

Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen and the etiological agent of a systematic fish disease called edwardsiellosis, which affects a wide range of marine and freshwater fish. E. tarda vaccines in various forms have been reported by a number of research groups; however, comparative studies on the immune mechanisms of these vaccines are lacking. In this report, we identified a new E. tarda vaccine candidate, Eta2, and analyzed in a comparative manner the immune response induced by Eta2 in two different forms: purified recombinant subunit vaccine and DNA vaccine. Eta2 is a protein of 178 residues and shares high levels of sequence identities with the OmpH family of outer membrane protein chaperones of several bacterial species. Recombinant Eta2 (rEta2) purified from Escherichia coli was highly protective against E. tarda challenge in a Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) model and produced relative percent of survival rates of 83% and 78%, respectively, at 4- and 8-week post-vaccination (p.v.). Eta2 as a DNA vaccine in the form of plasmid pCEta2 also induced strong protective immunity at 4- and 8-week p.v. Immunological analysis indicated that (i) rEta2 and pCEta2 enhanced head kidney macrophage activation at 1- and, for pCEta2, 7-day p.v.; (ii) rEta2 and pCEta2 induced similar patterns of serum antibody production, however, the antibodies induced by rEta2 were of much higher levels and afforded stronger passive immunoprotection upon naïve flounder than those induced by pCEta2; (iii) both rEta2 and pCEta2 upregulated the expression of specific and nonspecific immune factors which include, in the case of pCEta2 but not rEta2, interferon, interferon-induced Mx protein, and CD8α; however, the induction patterns effected by rEta2 and pCEta2 were different. While high levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), natural killer cell enhancing factor, Mx, MHC Iα, and IgM inductions were observed in pCEta2-vaccinated fish, only IL-1β, complement C3, and IgM inductions were highly induced in rEta2-vaccinated fish. Taken together, these results indicate that both rEta2 and pCEta2 induce specific and nonspecific immunities, however, pCEta2 induces both B cell and T cell responses, whereas rEta2 induces mainly humoral response.     

HIV-1 DNA的检测及临床应用

HIV-1储存库的持续存在是治愈HIV的主要障碍,在临床研究中,需要可靠的生物标志物对其进行标记。HIV-1 DNA在HIV-1储存库中可被持续检测到,在HIV-1感染诊断、预测病毒反弹和监测治疗效果等方面具有重要应用价值。PCR的检测技术是临床上常用的HIV-1 DNA检测方法,随着技术的不断创新与进步,可更准确地通过定性或定量检测感染细胞中总的、整合的和未整合的HIV-1 DNA。感染细胞中不同形式的HIV-1 DNA作为生物标志物在HIV感染监测和艾滋病治疗相关研究中报道日益增多。本文对感染细胞中HIV-1 DNA的检测方法及其作为生物标志物的临床应用进展进行综述。     

HBV P区聚合酶基因变异研究

目的 建立快速特异的HBV基因变异检测技术及变异株的酶切位点分析。方法 对酪氨酸、缬氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬氨酸(YVDD)及酪氨酸、异亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬氨酸(YIDD)变异病人进行测序分析。结果 在HBV感染的病例中，不仅检出酪氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬氨酸(YMDD)到YIDD/YVDD变异，还存在亮氨酸、亮氨酸、亮氨酸、亮氨酸(LLLL)到亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨、亮氨酸(LMLL)变异，天冬氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸(DLHD)到天冬氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸(DMHD)变异及亮氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸(LLAQ)到亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸(LMAQ)变异。酶切位点分析结果表明不同的变异株存在不同的限制性酶切位点。结论 提示这些变异位点均在“ATG”(M)蛋氨酸密码子尚需进一步探讨研究。YVDD、YIDD、LMAQ变异与拉米夫定治疗有关。     

Effectiveness of female and male condoms in preventing exposure to semen during vaginal intercourse: a randomized trial

Objectives

Comparison of male condom (MC) vs. female condom (FC) with respect to self-reported mechanical and acceptability problems and semen exposure using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as an objective biological marker and evaluation of the effect of an educational intervention on self-reported problems and semen exposure, by condom type.

Design

Randomized crossover trial.

Methods

Four hundred women attending a family planning clinic in Brazil were randomized and either received in-clinic instruction or were encouraged to read the condom package insert; all used two FCs and two MCs. We measured the rates of self-reported user problems with MC and FC use and the rates of semen exposure during use (assessed by testing vaginal fluid for PSA).

Results

The educational intervention group reported fewer problems with either condom as compared with the control group (p=.0004, stratified by condom type). In both groups, self-reported problems were more frequent with FC use than with MC use (p<.0001, stratified by intervention). The educational intervention did not significantly reduce semen exposure. Overall, semen exposure occurred more frequently with FC use (postcoital PSA, >1 ng/mL; 22%) than with MC use (15%); the difference, however, was small and nonsignificant for high PSA levels (≥150 ng/mL; 5.1% for FC vs. 3.6% for MC).

Conclusions

In this study, the FC was less effective than the MC in preventing semen exposure during use and led more frequently to self-reported user problems. Both devices were highly protective against “high-level” semen exposure, as measured by postcoital PSA levels in vaginal fluid. In-clinic education may reduce user problems and increase acceptability and use of both devices.     

血清人附睾蛋白4和癌抗原125在预测卵巢癌发病风险中的价值

目的 探讨血清人附睾蛋白4(HE4)和癌抗原125(CA125)单独和联合使用在预测卵巢癌发病风险中的价值.方法 75例卵巢癌患者(卵巢癌组)分别应用酶联免疫吸附法和电化学发光法检测血清HE4和CA125水平,并与132例良性卵巢疾病患者(良性卵巢疾病组)以及30例健康女性(对照组)进行比较,并计算两者单独和联合预测卵巢癌发病风险的特异度和灵敏度,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线.结果 卵巢癌组血清HE4和CA125水平明显高于良性卵巢疾病组和对照组(P＜0.05).两者都可以预测卵巢癌的发生,HE4在预测卵巢癌发病风险方面较CA125具有较明显优势(ROC曲线下面积分别为0.966和0.905).HE4在浆液性腺癌中阳性表达率最高,为100.0%(42/42).HE4阳性诊断卵巢癌的灵敏度为86.7%(65/75),HE4和/或CA125阳性诊断卵巢癌的灵敏度为93.3%(70/75),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血清HE4比CA125能够更好地预测卵巢癌的发生,HE4可以作为预测卵巢癌发病风险的指标,HE4联合CA125不能够明显提高卵巢癌的检出率.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the value of serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the prediction of ovarian cancer onset risk. Methods Petected the expression of HE4 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CA 125 by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in serum of 75 samples of ovarian cancer (ovarian cancer group),132 samples of ovarian benign disease (ovarian benign disease group) and 30 samples of healthy women (control group),calculated the sensitivity and specificity of HE4 and CA125 in the prediction of ovarian cancer onset risk,and drew receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The expression of serum HE4 and CA125 were both higher in ovarian cancer group than those in ovarian benign disease group and control group (P ＜ 0.05 ). HE4 was a better index in the prediction of ovarian cancer onset risk than CA 125 (ROC area under curve was 0.966 and 0.905 respectively). The expression of HE4 was various in different pathological types,serous ovarian adenocarcinoma had the highest expression of HE4 (100.0% ,42/42). The sensitivity of diagnosing ovarian cancer by HE4 was 86.7%(65/75), 93.3%(70/75) by HE4 combining and/or CA125,there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Serum HE4 could be a good index of predicting the onset risk of ovarian cancer,the combination of HE4 and/or CA125 could not increase the sensitivity of prediction of ovarian cancer significantly.     

精子DNA完整性检测的临床应用

男性生育力受到许多因素的影响,其中精子DNA损伤一直是生殖医学领域研究的热点之一.精子线粒体、核DNA损伤会导致受精失败或影响受精后原核的形成、胚胎着床及子代的健康.目前,定量检测精子中异常DNA数量的方法有多种,虽然尚不理想,但各有其临床应用价值.精子DNA损伤分析比传统精液常规分析参数更稳定、更敏感.胞浆内单精子注...