基于特征学习框架的前列腺超声图像分割方法研究

目的从临床经直肠超声(TRUS)图像中自动地分割出前列腺边界。方法选择四川大学华西医院TRUS前列腺图像218幅,其中60幅图像作测试集样本,剩余158幅图像为训练集样本。基于特征学习框架的前列腺超声图像分割方法,首先利用图像的致密尺度不变特征学习框架,快速地从图像中定位前列腺边界,然后从训练得到的多个先验平均形状中,选择与特征分割结果最接近的平均形状作为初始化轮廓,构建离散形变模型能量函数及局部高斯分布内外能量函数,优化能量函数从而实现前列腺的分割。结果根据其图像的Dense尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征,利用训练好的支持向量机(SVM)分类器,得到基于特征框架的分割结果,再根据建立的多个平均模型中拟合出最优的于该图像的形状模型进行分割,利用构建的轮廓内外能量函数最小化实现分割。分割结果与手动分割的"金标准"轮廓间的Dice相似性系数(DSC)为96.06%±1.11%,平均绝对距离误差(MAD)为(1.74±0.49)像素。结论采用多分辨率的分割方式,以提高鲁棒性和分割的效率,通过形状模型能够估计出前列腺伪影区缺失的边界信息,实验结果也表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于SIFT特征和近似最近邻算法的医学CT图像检索

针对医学X线计算机断层(Computed Tomography,CT)图像,提出了一种基于尺度不变特征变换(Scale InvariantFeature Transform,SIFT)特征和近似最近邻算法的检索方法。首先通过SIFT算法得到图像的特征点和相应的特征向量,再采用近似最近邻算法进行SIFT特征向量的匹配搜索,得到数据库中与参考图像最相似的图像序列。实验结果表明,该法能检索到与目标图像细节相符的结果,大大提高了检索速度。与传统的基于纹理的检索方法相比,查准率和检索结果与目标图像的相似程度方面更佳,符合医学CT图像检索的要求。     

基于先验概率和统计形状的前列腺超声图像自动分割方法

从经直肠超声图像中自动精确地提取前列腺边界。采用基于先验概率和统计形状的前列腺超声图像自动分割新方法。首先,利用致密尺度不变特征变换,从超声图像中快速定位前列腺;其次,从多个统计形状模型中选择最优模型,在分割过程中,前列腺伪影区域缺失的边界信息可通过形状模型估计;最后,在最优形状模型指导下,采用多分辨率分割方式,利用局部灰度模型和局部高斯分布函数能量的最小化,实现前列腺的自动分割。用30幅超声图像测试得到平均Dice相似系数(DSC)为0.9552,平均绝对距离(MAD)的均值为0.5016 mm。该方法相比传统的形状模型的分割精度有较大提高。     

一种基于多特征的MRI脑部图像检索方法5000

针对目前基于内容的医学图像检索技术中存在的问题,提出一种基于多特征的MRI脑部图像检索方法.根据MRI脑部图像特点,设计多特征向量求解算法,提取脑部图像的纹理、边缘和灰度特征并组合为多特征向量.为加快检索速度,对多特征向量进行降维,初步实验结果表明提出的检索方法是可行的.     

基于分级检索策略的医学图像检索方法研究

相似病例对医生的诊断大有益处,快速、准确地从医学图像库中检索出相似病理图像是非常重要的.本文提出了一种结合图像纹理特征和形状特征的基于分级检索策略的医学图像检索新方法.该方法先计算图像的灰度共生矩阵,提取能量等纹理特征量,进行初检索,再通过Canny算子提取图像边缘,用投影法计算外边缘在垂直和水平方向上的投影,对初检索结果按形状特征进行二级检索.实验表明,本文方法有较高的查全率和查准率.     

一种基于多尺度分析的CT图像边缘检测方法

为了准确提取CT图像中解剖组织几何形态特征,提出了一种基于多尺度分析的CT图像边缘检测方法。本文应用多尺度分析中含有尺度因子的平滑函数的负导数作为小波,对CT图像实施小波变换,并检测小波变换的模局部极大值,完成基于模局部极大值的解剖组织轮廓特征表达。本文还讨论了一种模局部极大值点的简单筛选方法,针对CT图像噪声较大的特点,以模局部极大值的均方根乘以一个与尺度有关的因子作为模局部极大值的阈值,在不同尺度上获得了清晰的边缘信息。阈值处理后的模局部极大值图表明,不同尺度下的边缘检测能给出大小不同的物体的边缘信息。本方法能在有效抑制噪声的基础上,准确提取感兴趣解剖组织的几何轮廓特征。     

基于图割与粗糙集的MRI脑部肿瘤图像检索方法

背景:基于内容的医学图像检索是一门涉及多领域的学科,由于各种医学图像的成像原理不同,产生的图像在颜色、纹理和形状等视觉特征方面存在差别,使得此方法的实现还存在许多需要解决的问题。目的:针对基于内容的医学图像检索中存在特征提取困难、检索时间长的问题,提出一种基于图割与粗糙集结合的相似图像检索方法。方法:为克服图割仅适用于较少象素的图像和倾向于小割集的缺陷,首先对图像进行聚类,然后构建图像的Gomory-Hu割树,按割值大小依次去掉值较小的边,提取出图像的特征子图并构建特征库。为实现快速检索,借助粗糙集对特征库中的特征进行约简,有效减少参与相似性比较的特征数量。并将此方法应用到MRI脑部肿瘤图像的检索。结果与结论:实验结果表明该方法能快速有效地检索出MRI脑部图像库中的肿瘤图像,检索的平均查准率为78.4%,平均查全率为62.9%。     

一个基于内容检索的医学图像数据库

介绍了一个基于图像内容检索的医学图像数据库系统。分别讨论了用于图像内容检索的颜色、纹理和形状特征以及在此特征集下的图像相似性度量 ;介绍了数据库的组织及该系统的界面     

医学图像的小波变换融合算法研究

针对不同分辨率的PET和MRI图像,探讨医学图像中功能成像和解剖成像的融合问题.提出一种基于小波变换的多尺度分解对人脑PET和MRI图像的融合算法,选取测量活跃性等级-系数分组-系数合并的融合规则,对多尺度小波变换的图像融合方法和普通像素加权平均融合方法进行仿真,并运用熵和交叉熵两种方法评价仿真结果.结果表明,该方法能有效融合功能信息和解剖信息,避免虚假信息引入.得到最佳分辨率的融合图像,提高医学图像的可信度,对临床诊断和治疗有一定参考价值.     

一个基于内容检索的医学图像数据库

介绍了一个基于图像内容检索的医学图像数据库系统。分别讨论了用于图像内容检索的颜色，纹理和形状特征以及在此特征集下的图像相似性度量；介绍了数据库的组织及该系统的界面。     

Neighbourhood search feature selection method for content-based mammogram retrieval

Content-based image retrieval plays an increasing role in the clinical process for supporting diagnosis. This paper proposes a neighbourhood search method to select the near-optimal feature subsets for the retrieval of mammograms from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database. The features based on grey level cooccurrence matrix, Daubechies-4 wavelet, Gabor, Cohen–Daubechies–Feauveau 9/7 wavelet and Zernike moments are extracted from mammograms available in the MIAS database to form the combined or fused feature set for testing various feature selection methods. The performance of feature selection methods is evaluated using precision, storage requirement and retrieval time measures. Using the proposed method, a significant improvement is achieved in mean precision rate and feature dimension. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art feature selection methods.     

基于小波分析和灰度纹理特征的乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取

目的乳腺癌的早期发现对患者意义重大。为帮助医生进行乳腺癌的早期检查和诊断,本文提出利用小波分析与图像纹理特征提取相结合的方法来提取乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域,在提高检查准确性的同时避免漏检误检。方法首先利用灰度共生矩阵所提取的能量、熵、对比度、相关性以及小波分解后得到的各层高频系数的方差、能量作为图像的特征向量,然后利用支持向量机进行训练建立最优分类模型。最后利用建立的最优分类模型实现乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取并利用检出率和误检率对结果进行评估。结果使用临床数据进行验证,结果表明利用小波分析与图像纹理特征提取相结合的方法能有效提取乳腺图像中的微钙化点区域。结论基于小波分析和灰度纹理特征的乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取方法比单一的图像纹理特征提取或小波分析等方法,提取的效果更好。另外,该方法设计简单,更易于实现乳腺癌的自动化诊断。     

基于多AGENT技术的CT图像检索

针对众多CT图像,利用多Agent技术,提出了一种新的图像检索方法。首先对原始图像库进行特征提取并分类,建立与类别相关的图像特征库,然后根据特征和权重按相似度匹配原则进行图像检索。检索过程由多Agent协同控制,反馈Agent依据待检索图像数据和用户反馈信息,对检索过程中的特征权重重置并更改图像库。实验结果表明该方法具有较好的检索效能。     

Automatic medical image annotation and keyword-based image retrieval using relevance feedback

This paper presents novel multiple keywords annotation for medical images, keyword-based medical image retrieval, and relevance feedback method for image retrieval for enhancing image retrieval performance. For semantic keyword annotation, this study proposes a novel medical image classification method combining local wavelet-based center symmetric-local binary patterns with random forests. For keyword-based image retrieval, our retrieval system use the confidence score that is assigned to each annotated keyword by combining probabilities of random forests with predefined body relation graph. To overcome the limitation of keyword-based image retrieval, we combine our image retrieval system with relevance feedback mechanism based on visual feature and pattern classifier. Compared with other annotation and relevance feedback algorithms, the proposed method shows both improved annotation performance and accurate retrieval results.     

Computer-aided diagnosis in chest radiography for detection of childhood pneumonia

OBJECTIVES: This article presents a novel approach based on computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme and wavelet transforms to aid pneumonia diagnosis in children, using chest radiograph images. The prototype system, named Pneumo-CAD, was designed to classify images into presence (PP) or absence of pneumonia (PA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The knowledge database for the Pneumo-CAD comprised chest images confirmed as PP or PA by two radiologists trained to interpret chest radiographs according to the WHO guidelines for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. The performance of the Pneumo-CAD was evaluated by a subset of images randomly selected from the knowledge database. The retrieval of similar images was made by feature extraction using wavelets transform coefficients of the image. The energy of the wavelet coefficients was used to compose the feature vector in order to support the computational classification of images as PP or PA. Methodology I worked with a rank-weighted 15-nearest-neighbour scheme, while methodology II employed a distance-dependent weighting for image classification. The performance of the prototype system was assessed by the ROC curve. RESULTS: Overall, the Pneumo-CAD using the Haar wavelet presented the best accuracy in discriminating PP from PA for both, methodology I (AUC=0.97) and methodology II (AUC=0.94), reaching sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pneumo-CAD could represent a complementary tool to screen children with clinical suspicion of pneumonia, and so to contribute to gather information on the burden of-pneumonia estimates in order to help guide health policies toward preventive interventions.     

基于边界方向角的CT图像检索

提出了一种新的基于边界的图像检索方法，利用Canny算子提取边界方向角图像，对方向角图像提取其纹理特征，结合灰度直方图进行检索。试验结果证明了此方法有效。     

基于小波分析的医学图像增强研究

目的：探讨小波分析在医学图像增强方面的应用价值。方法：采用MATLAB6．5对512×512的CT图像进行实验,依据医学图像特点改进了图像子带小波增强算法。并将结果与常规的图像增强算法进行对比。结果及结论：实验证明：改进的图像子带小波算法可以增强图像的细节特征,并且适合人的视觉特性,提升了医学图像的清晰度,可有效避免平坦区域噪声过度增强的问题。通过实验证明文中采用方法有一定的实践价值和意义。     

Shift-invariant discrete wavelet transform analysis for retinal image classification

This work involves retinal image classification and a novel analysis system was developed. From the compressed domain, the proposed scheme extracts textural features from wavelet coefficients, which describe the relative homogeneity of localized areas of the retinal images. Since the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is shift-variant, a shift-invariant DWT was explored to ensure that a robust feature set was extracted. To combat the small database size, linear discriminant analysis classification was used with the leave one out method. 38 normal and 48 abnormal (exudates, large drusens, fine drusens, choroidal neovascularization, central vein and artery occlusion, histoplasmosis, arteriosclerotic retinopathy, hemi-central retinal vein occlusion and more) were used and a specificity of 79% and sensitivity of 85.4% were achieved (the average classification rate is 82.2%). The success of the system can be accounted to the highly robust feature set which included translation, scale and semi-rotational, features. Additionally, this technique is database independent since the features were specifically tuned to the pathologies of the human eye.     

A generic concept for the implementation of medical image retrieval systems

This paper presents a technical framework to support the development and installation of system for content-based image retrieval in medical applications (IRMA). A strict separation of feature extraction, feature storage, feature comparison, and the user interfaces is suggested. This allows to reuse implemented components in different retrieval algorithms, which improves software quality, shortens the development cycle for applications, and allows to introduce standardized end-user interfaces. Based on the proposed framework, the IRMA engine has been established, which is currently used to evaluate content-based retrieval methods on a collection of 20,000 medical and 135,000 non-medical images.