原发性腹膜后肿瘤诊断与外科治疗体会（附58例报告）

目的探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤诊断和外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析本院2000年1月～2010年3月58例经手术治疗的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床资料。结果 58例中,临床症状主要表现为腹部肿块33例（56.9%）,腹痛21例（36.2%）,腹胀13例（22.4%）;术后病理检查结果良性肿瘤19例,恶性肿瘤39例;肿瘤完整切除41例,姑息性切除16例,剖腹探查肿瘤活检术1例。58例患者围手术期无死亡,肿瘤完全切除组中位生存时间59个月,其l、3、5年生存率分别为88.2%、68.7%、35.8%;肿瘤姑息性切除组中位生存期35.3个月,其1、3、5年生存率分别为82.9%、53.8%、9.2%。结论手术切除是腹膜后肿瘤的最有效治疗方法,积极的外科治疗、争取完整切除可以延长患者的生存期,降低复发率。对于复发患者,应争取再次手术切除。     

John Caffey Award. Intussusception reduction in children by rectal insufflation of air

Air was used as the contrast medium for colonic studies in 282 patients with suspected intussusception. Intussusception was documented in 118 of these patients (42%), and reduction was achieved in 89 (75%) of those 118. Twenty-nine patients, in whom the intussusception could not be reduced with air, underwent surgery. Seven of these patients required surgical resection of devitalized bowel. In seven others, the intussusception was reduced by the surgeon with difficulty; in 12, surgical reduction was achieved easily. Three perforations occurred with the use of air. These patients were treated surgically without sequelae. This pilot study of 282 patients suggests that air is a safe substitute for hydrostatic reduction of intussusception.     

老年人结肠癌并急性肠梗阻86例外科处理分析

目的探讨老年人结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的特点、诊断、外科处理方法与预后。方法回顾性分析我院2000年1月—2009年8月86例年龄>60岁的老年患者手术治疗的结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病人的临床资料,其中一期切除吻合58例(右半结肠一期切除吻合39例,左半结肠一期切除吻合19例),分期手术19例(右半结肠4例,左半结肠15例),行Hartmann手术。肿瘤无法切除行单纯结肠造瘘和捷径手术9例。结果术后出现并发症8例,发生率为9.3%,其中切口感染3例,腹腔感染2例,肺部感染2例,感染性休克1例,1例死亡,病死率1.2%,85例痊愈出院。结论老年人结肠癌致肠梗阻的外科治疗要根据老年病人的具体情况选择合理的术式,准确的早期诊断,恰当的围术期处理,正确的手术方式的选择,是提高其预后的关键。     

结肠癌急性梗阻的治疗体会

目的：总结结肠癌急性梗阻的治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析了我院10年中急诊手术的结肠癌梗阻47例。结果：右半结肠癌22例，其中一期切除吻合15例，分期手术3例，捷径手术2例，肠造口2例。左半结肠癌24例，其中一期切除吻合4例，Hartmanns手术8例，结肠次全切除2例，一期造口、二期肿瘤切除5例，单纯造口术5例，另1例同时性结肠多原发癌行结肠次全切除。切口感染率为10．6％，其中一期切除吻合为15．8％；一期切除吻合吻合口漏2例（10．5％）；围手术期死亡2例（4．3％）。结论：结肠癌急性梗阻，应在积极术前准备的同时，尽早手术。右半结肠癌梗阻应在充分肠减压的基础上行I期切除吻合，左半结肠癌梗阻应首选Hartmanns手术。     

空气灌肠复位失败的小儿肠套叠CT表现

目的探讨空气灌肠复位治疗失败的小儿肠套叠CT特点。方法回顾性分析16例肠套叠经空气灌肠复位治疗失败后的CT表现。结果16例中结结型1例,回回型1例,回盲型3例,回结型5例,回回结型6例。CT表现为套叠长度3．O～7．0cm,平均4．2cm;套叠部位呈“肾形”8例,“靶形”5例,“彗尾征”2例,“腊肠样”1例;套鞘肠壁增厚、分层并见气体影6例,腹腔积液3例。结论空气灌肠复位失败的小儿肠套叠CT表现具有特征性,能为临床制定手术方案提供影像依据。     

Chronic epigastric pain in a middle-aged man

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to describe and show a number of imaging findings that are classical for an intussusception in an adult and discuss the clinical manifestations and associated findings. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of intussusception in an adult and the most likely causes. CONCLUSION: A malignant cause of intussusception is more likely when an intussusception involves the large bowel, in which case primary adenocarcinoma of the colon is the most prevalent. Therefore, surgical resection followed by careful pathologic analysis is typically indicated in nonresolving cases. Nevertheless, when intussusception is transiently diagnosed in an asymptomatic adult, follow-up is favored over surgery.     

Leiomyoma of the trachea: CT and MRI findings

A 47-year-old woman with a tracheal leiomyoma is described. Leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor of the trachea. Only 43 cases have been reported in the English- and Japanese-language literature. To our knowledge, this is the second time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings have been reported. MRI can help discriminate between masses with a stalk and masses with a broad base, which in turn can help determine whether surgical resection of the tracheal leiomyoma is appropriate.     

手术切除与经皮射频消融在小肝癌治疗中的价值探讨

目的评价手术切除与经皮射频消融（PRFA）在小肝癌治疗中的价值。方法我院小肝癌患者99例分为两组,分别给于手术切除和PRFA,对两组术后不良反应、术后1年复发率进行比较。结果两组患者术后不良反应,包括术后体温恢复时间,ALT升高例数,胆红素升高例数,经比较无差异;对于直径≤3cm的肿瘤,手术治疗与PRFA治疗组患者术后1年的肿瘤复发率差异没有显著性;但是直径3～5cm的肿瘤,手术治疗组在术后1年的肿瘤复发率明显低于PRFA治疗组。结论手术治疗与PRFA均是一种创伤小、恢复快、安全性高的治疗方法 ,对于肿瘤直径≤3cm的,两者疗效等同;对于肿瘤直径3～5cm的,以手术治疗为宜。     

22例巨大纵隔肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨巨大纵隔肿瘤外科治疗的效果及预后。方法对1998年至2009年我院收治的22例巨大纵隔肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果18例肿瘤被成功切除,4例被姑息性切除;其中肺楔形切除1例,肺叶切除1例,心包部分切除1例,无手术死亡。18例获得随访,良性肿瘤未见复发,恶性肿瘤中2例术后死亡。结论选择合适的麻醉和手术方式治疗巨大纵隔肿瘤效果肯定,术中可选择分块或整块切除,避免大出血和复张性肺水肿。     

Carotid paragangliomas. Alternatives for presurgical endovascular management

Carotid paragangliomas (CP) are rare tumors, representing 0.6% of the head and neck tumors. These tumors have their origin in the carotid body located in the adventitia of the vascular wall of the carotid bifurcation. Among their principal characteristics are hypervascularity, primarily dependent on branches of the external carotid artery, the proximity and possible involvement of the cranial nerves IX, X, XI, XII, and extension to the base of the skull. Complete surgical resection is the first line of management; however, this procedure can be a surgical challenge due to the potential risk of bleeding, intraoperative neurovascular injuries, and prolonged surgical time. Tumor embolization, carotid stenting, and tumor embolization with carotid stenting have been developed as alternative presurgical endovascular techniques that decrease tumor vascularity and/or provide structural vascular support, reducing bleeding and facilitating tumor dissection. Two cases of carotid tumors of the same classification, Shamblin II, are presented, one treated by preoperative embolization and the other managed with a carotid stent; the indications, advantages, and possible complications of each one are discussed. Two cases of Shamblin II carotid tumors are presented, one treated preoperatively with a carotid stent and the other with preoperative embolization. A literature review was carried out, with a search in PubMed that includes case reports, case series, review articles, meta-analyses on CP, presurgical tumor embolization, presurgical carotid stent placement, and surgical treatment of carotid body tumor. Hypervascularity and adhesion to the carotid wall are the leading causes of difficulties in surgical resection of CP. Optimal tumor embolization and/or preoperative carotid stent placement reduce intraoperative bleeding and provide vascular structural support, reducing intraoperative and postoperative complications.     

Spontaneous resolution of colonic strictures caused by necrotizing enterocolitis: therapeutic implications.

Colonic strictures are now a well recognized complication in infants surviving necrotizing enterocolitis. We describe the clinical course of seven infants with colonic strictures after necrotizing enterocolitis. Only two demonstrated the finding of fixed fibrotic stricture described in the literature, while the remaining five showed atypical radiographic and pathologic features. Two of the five showed partial or spontaneous resolution of post-necrotizing enterocolitis colonic stenoses on follow-up barium enema studies. In three of four patients with colonic resections, the histopathologic examination revealed a surprising absence of irreversible fibrosis or cicatrix formation. Current surgical practice dictates elective resection of these narrowed colonic segments. The radiologic and pathologic findings in our series of patients suggest surgical resection may be unnecessary in selected cases.     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤114例手术治疗分析

目的总结原发性腹膜后肿瘤(PRPT)的临床特征、诊断及治疗经验、教训。方法对我院114例经手术和病理证实的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床表现、辅助检查、病理类型及外科治疗等临床资料进行回顾分析。结果首发症状及体征多数为腹痛及腹部包块。B超及CT的诊断率分别为91.6%,94.2%。其中良性肿瘤44例,占38.6%,恶性肿瘤70例,占61.4%。本组良性肿瘤切除率95.5%,恶性肿瘤切除率85.7%。术后良性肿瘤复发4例,行根治术;恶性肿瘤复发31例,26例行根治术,5例行部分切除术。结论B超、CT等影像学检查是诊断PRPT的重要手段。完整切除肿瘤是治疗PRPT的关键和影响其预后的重要因素。对侵犯脏器者应采用将累及脏器一并切除,不能切除和切除后再发者宜探查活检和再次手术切除。     

Transient colocolic intussusception

We present the CT findings of a transient colocolic intussusception, related to an underlying colonic tumor, but remote from it. The resolving nature of intussusception was clearly demonstrated on delayed images and may explain the characteristic chronic clinical symptoms of intussusception in adult.     

电子结肠镜引导下腹腔镜治疗结肠息肉的应用体会

目的探讨电子结肠镜引导下腹腔镜治疗结肠良恶性息肉的应用价值。方法 45例基底直径≥2.0 cm、位置特殊、操作困难、无法内镜切除的结肠良恶性息肉,在结肠镜引导下行腹腔镜手术治疗。结果 45例均顺利完成手术,其中内镜辅助的腹腔镜小切口切除10例,内镜辅助的腹腔镜楔形切除21例,内镜辅助的腹腔镜经肠腔切除3例,内镜辅助的腹腔镜肠段切除8例,术中冰冻为恶性追加腹腔镜结肠癌根治术3例。无中转开腹,未出现吻合口瘘、梗阻、出血等主要并发症。手术时间平均100（40～220）min,肠功能恢复时间平均3（2～5）d。术后随访平均12（4～24）个月,38例复查肠镜未见息肉残留、复发。结论电子结肠镜引导下腹腔镜联合内镜切除困难的结肠息肉定位准确,切除彻底,对冰冻为恶性的病例可追加结肠癌根治术,是一种治疗结肠良恶性息肉安全、有效的方法。     

术中MR液体反转恢复序列在低级别神经胶质瘤切除术中的应用价值

目的探讨术中磁共振成像(intraoperative MRI,iMRI)中的液体反转恢复序列(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)在低级别神经胶质瘤(WHOⅠ~Ⅱ级)切除术中的应用价值,从而对是否存在残留肿瘤的诊断提供帮助。方法选取18例低级别神经胶质瘤(low-grade gliomas,LGGs)患者的术中MRI,查看FLAIR图像中手术腔周围是否存在高信号,并对术前或术后复查过MRI患者的图像进行分析,比较术区周边FLAIR信号的变化情况。结果低级别神经胶质瘤切除术中手术区域边缘iMRI的FLAIR表现:1)没有FLAIR异常信号7例;2)线状FLAIR高信号(linear FLAIR hyperintensity,LFH)7例;3)结节或片状FLAIR高信号(nodular or patchy FLAIR hyperintensity,NPFH)4例。接受iMRI分析的患者的手术切缘上无FLARI异常信号中的4例术后3个月复查MRI术区周围未见异常改变;出现LFH中有4例患者在术后3个月后复查MRI,异常信号强度减低或消失。而2例NPFH随即进行了第二次手术切除,并再次行术中MRI扫描,最终组织病理学为肿瘤残留,1例NPFH未进行二次手术,半年后复查,异常信号范围增大。结论经iMRI分析的手术区域切缘可能出现FLAIR高信号,出现线状FLAIR高信号时不应误认为是残余肿瘤,而出现结节或片状FLAIR高信号时可能是残余肿瘤。iMRI FLAIR在初步判断低级别神经胶质瘤切除术术区边缘是否存在残留肿瘤方面有一定的应用价值。     

Recurrent ileocolic intussusception with appendiceal lead point in a 2-year-old child: an etiology to be aware of on ultrasound

Ileocolic intussusception is a differential consideration in young pediatric patients presenting with acute abdominal pain. Appendiceal intussusception is an uncommon variant of ileocolic intussusception where the appendix is contained within the intussusception, which can be challenging to diagnose preoperatively. In this case report, we present a 25-month-old female presenting with intermittent, diffuse abdominal pain. Initial ultrasound evaluation demonstrated ileocolic intussusception, which was successfully reduced by air enema. The patient experienced recurrent symptoms and had several recurrent episodes of ileocolic intussusception with the appendix contained within the intussusceptum. After the fifth recurrence, the patient underwent surgical intervention. The inflamed appendix was discovered to be inverted within the cecum, resulting in a lead point for intussusception of the terminal ileum. The patient underwent laparoscopic reduction of the ileocolic intussusception and appendectomy. Few cases of appendiceal and concurrent ileocolic intussusception are described in the literature. It is important that radiologists and surgeons be aware of this entity when evaluating pediatric ileocolic intussusception, particularly at the time of ultrasound and air enema, in order to ensure appropriate management and prevent complications.     

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone: case report

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone is an exceedingly rare tumor that was first described by Jaffe in 1958 [1]. It has a high incidence of local recurrence after surgical resection. It is usually seen in young patients and involves mandible and long bones. It has histological resemblance to the desmoid tumor of the abdominal wall. We report a surgically proven case of desmoplastic fibroma of bone with local aggressiveness and recurrence during follow-up. The radiograph, CT imaging features, radiological and pathological differential diagnosis of the case are described, and literature is briefly reviewed.     

原发脊柱肿瘤的外科分区与手术治疗

目的：探讨原发脊柱肿瘤外科分区,提高手术疗效。方法：本组共15例,男8例,女7例。年龄9－59岁,病程平均5．5个月。其中良性肿瘤7例,恶性肿瘤8例。手术方法有：（1）全脊椎切除5例,（2）椎体切除7例,（3）矢状扇形半脊椎切除2例,（4）椎体附件扇形切除1例。8例患者使用脊柱前路或后路内固定重建脊柱稳定性。结果：全部患者术后局部疼痛和放射痛缓解,肌力改善,有坚强内固定者术后2周在支具（石膏）保护下离床活动。7例良性肿瘤平均随访4．5年,均无局部复发、恶变与转移现象,8例恶性肿瘤平均随访3．4年,1例于术后死亡,1例骨髓瘤患者术后半年局部复发,截瘫症状加重,行二次减压手术。结论：根据WBB脊柱肿瘤外科分区而提出的手术计划是一个积极的探索,本组结果表明脊柱肿瘤切除较彻底,复发率低,近中期疗效良好。     

Radiofrequency thermal ablation of a metastatic lung nodule

Pulmonary metastases are a common finding in patients with colonic adenocarcinoma. We report the treatment of a metastatic lung nodule with radiofrequency (RF) ablation under CT guidance. This case illustrates the use of RF ablation in a patient in whom surgical resection was no longer possible and where chemotherapy was unlikely to produce benefit. This technique may offer a viable method of cytoreduction when other treatments have not succeeded.     

超声监视下温生理盐水加压灌肠治疗小儿肠套迭

目的探讨超声监视下温生理盐水加压灌肠治疗小儿肠套迭的方法，以寻求小儿肠套迭非手术治疗的最佳方式。方法69例肠套迭患儿均行超声监视下温生理盐水加压灌肠复位。结果超声诊断准确率达100％(69／69)；复位成功65例，失败4例，后者行手术治疗。无一例发生肠穿孔。结论超声引导下温生理盐水加压灌肠治疗小儿肠套迭，操作简便、安全、对患儿无损伤，值得在临床推广。