医学生体力活动水平与生存质量的相关性

目的了解医学生体力活动水平和生存质量现状,探讨两者的关系。方法采用国际体力活动短问卷和世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表,对随机整群抽样的660名医学生进行问卷调查。结果在660份有效问卷中,58例(8.8%)体力活动不足,348例(52.7%)体力活动适中,254例(38.5%)体力活动活跃。女生的学生成绩(G=-0.090,P0.05)、父亲文化程度(G=0.095,P0.05)、母亲文化程度(G=0.118,P0.05)、是否生病(χ2=9.510,P0.05)和每日静坐时间(H=7.705,P0.05)均对体力活动水平影响显著。医学生的生存质量在心理、社会关系、周围环境领域得分显著高于全国成人常模。累积Logits模型显示,女生的体力活动适中是生理健康的一个保护性因素,OR=1.89,95%CI为(1.03,3.39)。结论绝大多数医学生的体力活动水平处于适中或活跃的水平,医学生的生存质量较高。医学生的体力活动受诸多因素影响,且体力活动不足会降低其生存质量,尤其是生理健康领域。     

广西多民族大学生肺活量与体成分特征

目的 了解广西多民族大学生肺活量和体成分的基本情况,并探讨两者的相关性。 方法 对自愿参加调查的广西某高校1322名学生进行肺活量及体成分测定,并进行统计学分析。 结果 汉族、壮族及其他少数民族大学生的肺活量、肌肉量、推定骨量、身体水分及蛋白质均存在民族差异（P<0.05）;相关分析中,肺活量与脂肪量成负相关关系（相关系数r=-0.092,P<0.01);肺活量与肌肉量、推定骨量、身体水分及蛋白质含量成正相关关系（相关系数分别为0.687、0.633、0.658及0.653,均P<0.01）。 结论 广西多民族大学生的肺活量及部分体成分存在民族差异,三者中肺活量及部分体成分的比较：汉族＞其他少数民族＞壮族;增加肺活量,则体内脂肪量越低,肌肉量、推定骨量、身体水分及蛋白质含量越高。     

北方汉族大学生皮褶厚度与体成分分析

目的:了解北方汉族大学生皮下脂肪的发育状况及体成分特征。方法:采用整群抽样方法对以北方生源为主的河北某高校10个班1 188(男570,女618)名汉族大学生进行身体测量,用皮褶厚度估算体密度和体脂率。结果:除体密度外,城市男、女学生的皮褶厚度、体脂率和瘦体重都高于乡村学生;男生的体密度、瘦体重均明显高于女生,皮褶厚度和体脂率却低于女生;身体3个部位皮褶厚度两两呈相关性,男生皮褶厚度肱三头肌肩胛下腹部,女生肩胛下肱三头肌腹部,呈不均匀分布;皮褶厚度除与身高没有相关性外,与体质量、BMI、腰围呈正相关性,瘦体重与其他几个指标都有明显相关性;皮褶厚度和体成分存在南北差异和时间差异。结论:北方汉族大学生皮褶厚度和体成分存在城乡、性别差异,时间因素也对其有明显影响。     

中年人群体力活动能耗与血脂水平关系的研究

目的分析体力活动与血脂的关系,为指导合理运动,防治血脂异常提供科学依据。方法招募40～65岁广州市民555例（男188例,女367例）;用一周体力活动调查和三日体力活动记录2种方法调查体力活动情况;采空腹血样测定TC、TG、LDL和HDL。结果活动总能耗低、中、高分别为（748.2±185.5）、（1223.7±138.8）、（1843.5±314.3）kcal/d,运动能耗低、中、高分别为（164.9±96.9）、（504.6±101.7）、（989.2±262.5）kcal/d。按三分位法分3组,控制性别、年龄、BMI后协方差分析TC随活动总能耗的增高而降低,TC、LDL随运动能耗的增高而降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。将在职对象（n=201）的工作能耗分为低（691.2±117.1）kcal/d）、中（980.5±81.6）kcal/d）、高（1502.2±355.5）kcal/d）3组,控制性别、年龄、BMI后协方差分析,工作能耗中、高组的TC水平低于能耗低组（P〈0.05）。结论适当增加活动总能耗有利于改善血脂,本研究涉及的工作能耗范围内,中度工作能耗比轻度工作能耗更有利于维持正常血脂。     

中国乡村汉族男性体部指标的多元分析

目的 对中国乡村汉族男性体部指标进行多元分析,探讨不同地区汉族体部指标的差异。 方法 采用活体测量学方法,于2009～2013年在中国36个调查地区（15个北方地区,21个南方地区）测量了8174名乡村汉族男性成年人的9项体部体质指标,并对36个族群的指标均数进行了聚类分析和主成分分析（PCA）。 结果 聚类分析结果表明,北方汉族与南方汉族体部特征存在较大的差异。PCA结果发现,绝大多数北方族群的主成分（PC）Ⅰ值较大,即身高、体重、足长、坐高、臀围值较大,而多数南方族群的相应值较小。南方、北方族群的肩宽值大小彼此交错,表明肩宽值大小不是区分南方和北方族群的标志。 结论 遗传因素对体部特征的形成有重要影响,环境因素、经济发展水平对体部发育也有着重要的作用。     

膝关节置换术后老年患者的体力活动水平及其影响因素

目的:探讨膝关节置换术后老年患者体力活动水平及其影响因素.方法:选择2020年1月至2021年1月无锡市第九人民医院收治的行膝关节置换术的老年患者90例,采用国际体力活动问卷长卷、体力活动-自我调控问卷及锻炼自我效能量表对患者术后3个月体力活动水平、体力活动动机、锻炼自我效能进行评价,并对体力活动水平影响因素进行单因素...     

宁夏大学生瘦体组织成分与基础代谢率的相关性分析*

目的：分析宁夏大学生7 项瘦体组织成分指标与基础代谢率（BMR）的相关性。方法：随机选取741 名在 校大学生（ 男性364 名,女性377 名）作为研究对象,采用InBody BSM370 体成分仪测试受试者体质量、身高、 身体总水分、细胞内液、细胞外液、蛋白含量、无机盐含量、骨骼肌含量、InBody 评分及BMR值的分布。应用 多元回归分析法研究各项瘦体组织成分指标与基础代谢率之间的相关关系,并计算出回归方程系数。结果：男性 大学生身高、体质量及各项体成分指标均显著高于女大学生;男性回族大学生除体质量、InBody 评分显著高于 男性汉族大学生外,其他指标在两者间均无显著性差异;女性回族大学生仅有InBody 评分显著高于女性汉族大 学生;多元线性回归分析显示,7 项瘦体组织指标在男、女大学生间均显示与BMR呈明显正相关;多元逐步回归 分析显示,身体内总水分、无机盐含量、蛋白质含量是宁夏大学生BMR的主要影响因素。此外,骨骼肌含量能 影响男性大学生BMR, 而女性大学生BMR则会受到细胞内液的影响。结论：宁夏大学生瘦体组织成分存在显著 性别差异。各项体成分指标均与BMR呈正相关,体成分指标高者,BMR更高。     

中国男性青年人体体段惯量的测算

采用ＣＴ成像和图像分析技术在尸体研究的基础上,对５０例男性样本进行一全身ＣＴ横断层扫描,图像分析和测算,获得了样本各体的段的长度,体积和质量等惯性参数,进而确定了中国男性青年人体的质量分布,为建立中国人休惯性参数模型提供了基础数据。也为人体运动生物力学分析和研究提供了重要依据。     

不同类型体力活动与缺血性脑卒中的相关性研究

目的探讨不同类型体力活动与缺血性脑卒中的关系。方法运用病例对照研究的方法,将146例缺血性脑卒中患者作为病例组,156名非脑血管疾病居民作为对照组,运用多因素非条件Logisitic回归模型分析不同类型体力活动与缺血性脑卒中的相关性。结果多因素非条件Logistic回归分析提示,与闲暇时间体力活动不活跃居民比较,闲暇时间体力活动活跃居民的OR=0.042（95%CI：0.011～0.158）,与交通行程体力活动不活跃居民比较,交通行程体力活动活跃居民的OR=0.181（95%CI：0.061～0.534）。结论在该调查人群中闲暇时间体力活动、交通行程体力活动可能与缺血性脑卒中相关。     

回族大学生骨密度和体成分的变化特点

目的 探讨回族大学生骨密度和体成分变化特点及相互关系。方法 采用横断面整群分层随机抽样的方法选取390名20～22岁回族大学生（其中男生195名,女生195名）为研究对象,人体体成分分析仪测定体成分,超声骨密度测定仪测定骨密度,并进行骨质 T-score综合评价。结果 回族男生宽带超声频率衰减（BUA）、超声声速（SOS）、定量超声指数（QUI）和骨矿物质密度（BMD）４项骨密度指标均高于回族女生,回族女生骨质正常率高于回族男生;回族男生体质指数（BMI）、瘦体重、肌肉量、矿物质、身体水分、蛋白质、腰臀围比、基础代谢8项体成分指标总体及各年龄组均高于回族女生,而脂肪量、体脂肪率、水肿指数３项体成分指标总体及各年龄组均低于女生;除回族女生BMI与T值、QUI之间存在正相关性,其他各项体成分指标与骨密度指标之间均无相关性。 结论 回族大学生骨密度和体成分状况较好。体成分与骨密度的相互关系不明显。     

Relationships between physical activity, physical fitness, muscle strength and nutritional state in 5- to 11-year-old children

The purpose of the present study was to assess different aspects of physical activity and fitness in order to develop a basis for sport programmes for overweight and obese children. Eighty-eight prepubertal children (49 boys, 39 girls, 4.8–11.4 years old, 61% obese, 14% overweight and 25% normal weight) were examined. Body composition was assessed by combined use of anthropometrics and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Resting energy expenditure (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) were measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) and individually calibrated 24-h heart rate (HR) monitoring, respectively. Activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL) were calculated from TEE and REE. Fitness [assessed by O₂-pulse, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at submaximal work intensities] was determined by ergometry. The maximal isometric muscle strength of the legs (m. quadriceps, Fa max, m. ischiocruralis, Fb max) was measured by computer tensiometry. Children were grouped according to their nutritional state, AEE, O₂-pulse and muscle strength. When compared with normal weight children, obese and overweight children had increased fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), waist-to-hip ratio and REE, but no group differences were observed for TEE, AEE, and PAL. Obese and overweight children spent more hours per day watching TV. After correction for body weight and FFM, no group differences in REE were observed, but normal weight children had a higher O₂-pulse than overweight and obese children. By contrast, RER was increased in the latter group. The fittest group had the lowest body weight, BMI, FM and FFM. Children with a low O₂-pulse spent more hours per day watching TV. Grouping children according to their degree of muscle strength, younger children (4–7.5 years) did not show group differences in nutritional state, energy expenditure, physical activity and fitness. However, in the group of 7.6- to 11-year-old children, those with the greatest muscle strength and FFM had reduced BMI, skin folds, FM and FFM. FM correlated inversely with O₂-pulse, but was not associated with TEE, AEE, PAL or muscle strength. By contrast TV consumption was positively associated with FM. To summarize, overweight and obese children were less fit and watched more TV than their normal weight counterparts. FM did not correspond to TEE, AEE or PAL. Muscle strength was not associated with FM in young children, but was inversely associated with FM in older children. Our cross-sectional data are consistent with the idea that increased fitness and reduced physical inactivity may prevent children from being overweight. Accepted: 18 February 2000     

Perceived stress, depression and food consumption frequency in the college students of China Seven Cities

The aim of the study was to explore the association between perceived stress, depression and food consumption frequency. A self-administered questionnaire that included the perceived stress scale, the depression scale and dietary intake was used in the baseline survey of a cohort study of 2579 local college students over 7 cities in China. Gender and city differences were found in perceived stress scores and depression scores. There were also significant differences among diverse smoking levels and among perceived weight categories in perceived stress and depression scores. Stepwise logistic regression models found that frequency of consumption of fresh fruit, ready-to-eat food and snack food had apparently independent effects on perceived stress, whereas the intake level of fresh fruit, ready-to-eat food and fast food was significantly associated with depression. The link between food consumption frequency, perceived stress and depression suggests that diet intervention may be considered a mediate strategy integrated in psychology prevention program among normal population of the college.     

广西汉族和壮族大学生肺活量与肌肉参数的相关性分析

目的 探讨广西某高校汉族、壮族大学生肺活量与肌肉参数的相关性。方法 随机抽取1909名广西某高校在读大学生,采用MC-180体成分仪测量其肌肉参数,肺活量测试仪测量其肺活量。按《国家学生体质健康标准》进行身高、体重测试。将受试者肺活量分数分为4组：<60分、60～79分、80～89分、≥90分。采用SPSS 23.0统计学软件进行分析。结果 不同肺活量分数段汉族男、女大学生身高、年龄、体重、身体质量指数（BMI）、肌肉参数存在组间差异（均P<0.05）,壮族女大学生身高、体重、BMI、肌肉参数（除左上肢肌肉量）存在组间差异（均P<0.05）;汉族男大学生身高、肌肉参数最大值主要集中在≥90分组,呈上升趋势,汉族、壮族女大学生身高、体重、BMI、肌肉参数在<60分、60～79分、80～89分组上升趋势,在≥90分组各指标略有下降,壮族女大学生左上肢肌肉量组间差异不明显。汉族男、女大学生年龄、身高、体重、BMI、肌肉参数与肺活量成显著正相关（均 r>0,均 P<0.01）;壮族男、女大学生身高、体重、肌肉参数与肺活量成显著正相关（均 r>0,均 P<0.01）,左上肢肌肉量与肺活量相关性不显著（P>0.05）。结论 年龄、身高、体重、BMI、肌肉参数的增加对两民族大学生肺活量的增加有一定正性作用,左上肢肌肉量的变化对壮族大学生肺活量的影响不明显,汉族大学生各肌肉参数与肺活量的相关性强于同性别壮族大学生。     

Maximal oxygen intake and body composition of female dancers

Summary Complete paucity of any data regarding the influence of habitual dance on cardiovascular-pulmonary fitness and body composition of female dancers prompted this study in which 12 female dancers and 12 sedentary female students of the same age range participated as subjects. Maximal oxygen intake was determined on the treadmill, body composition was calculated from skinfolds and vital signs were determined besides measurements of height and weight.Dancers had significantly lower weight, lower resting heart rate, and lower diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure was also lower in dancers but the difference between the means did not reach statistical significance. Maximal oxygen intake was higher in dancers when expressed in relative terms. Dancers had also significantly lower total body fat.In conclusion, it seems that, dance with all the variations, should be encouraged in schools as a suitable behavioral modifier of sedentary habits and for maintenance of physical fitness and ideal weight.     

在校女大学生脂肪和肌肉对仰卧起坐能力的影响

目的 探讨在校女大学生肌肉及脂肪分布规律对仰卧起坐能力的影响。 方法 随机抽取广西某高校非体育专业女大学生1560名,用生物电阻抗体成分仪测量躯体肌肉及脂肪等成分。按《国家学生体质健康标准》进行身高、体重及仰卧起坐测试。将仰卧起坐分数分成4组：<60分、60～69分、70～79分、≥80分。运用SPSS 22.0统计学软件分析数据。 结果 不同仰卧起坐分数段的女大学生体脂率、总脂肪量、躯干脂肪量、躯干脂肪率、内脏脂肪面积、内脏脂肪量、皮下脂肪量差异有统计学意义（F分别为3.414、2.914、2.881、3.347、3.064、3.235、2.766,均 P<0.05）,即60~69分组最高,≥80分组最低。而各分数段的总肌肉量、躯干肌肉量差异无统计学意义。矫正年龄、身高及体重因素后,除内脏脂肪面积及内脏脂肪量外,其余脂肪参数与仰卧起坐分数的相关性有统计学意义,成负相关关系(r<0, P<0.05)。全身肌肉量、躯干肌肉量与仰卧起坐分数成正相关关系,有统计学意义(r>0,P<0.05),且与其他参数相比,躯干肌肉量与仰卧起坐相关系数最大。 结论 脂肪与肌肉的分布对仰卧起坐能力影响有差异,女大学生仰卧起坐能力受皮下脂肪及躯干肌肉影响较大,而与内脏脂肪无关。