Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-short form

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the measurement properties of the Brazilian version of the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14). METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study designed to assess the impact of toothache on quality of life during pregnancy. The sample consisted of 504 postpartum women (mean age 24 years; SD 6.2), most of whom had unsolved dental problems and belonged to low-income families. The questionnaire was administered in the form of interviews by two trained interviewers who also performed clinical examinations. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and stability. Construct validity was evaluated based on comparison of the total scores among groups according to: self-perceived and normative oral health care needs, self-perceived general and oral health status, presence of carious lesions and tooth loss. It was also hypothesized that the scores of OHIP14 and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) would correlate with each other. RESULTS: Both test-retest stability and internal consistency, as measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient (0.87) and by Cronbach's alpha (0.91), proved to be adequate. Construct validity was confirmed as the correlation between OHIP14 scores with self-perceived general and oral health were in the expected direction, and the differences in scores of the groups formed according to the selected attributes were significant at values of P < or = 0.05 (Mann-Whitney test). Moreover, the correlation coefficient between OIDP and OHIP14 was 0.76 (rs). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of OHIP14 has good psychometric properties, which are similar to those of the original instrument.     

Reliability and validity testing for the Child Oral Health Impact Profile‐Reduced (COHIP‐SF 19)

Objectives: This study assessed the reliability and validity of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile–Short Form 19 (COHIP‐SF 19) from the validated 34‐item COHIP. Methods: Participants included 205 pediatric, 107 orthodontic, and 863 patients with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). Item level evaluations included examining content overlap, distributional properties, and use of the response set. Confirmatory factor analysis identified potential items for deletion. Scale reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Discriminant validity of the COHIP‐SF 19 was evaluated as follows: among pediatric participants, scores were compared with varying amounts of decayed and filled surfaces (DFS) and presence of caries on permanent teeth; for orthodontic patients, scores were correlated with anterior tooth spacing/crowding; and for those with CFA, scores were compared with clinicians' ratings of extent of defect (EOD) for nose and lip and/or speech hypernasality. Convergent validity was assessed by examining the partial Spearman correlation between the COHIP scores and a standard Global Health self‐rating. Comparisons between the COHIP and the COHIP‐SF 19 were completed across samples. Results: The reduced questionnaire consists of 19 items: Oral Health (five items), Functional Well‐Being (four items), and a combined subscale named Socio‐Emotional Well‐Being (10 items). Internal reliability is ≥0.82 for the three samples. Results demonstrate that the COHIP‐SF 19 discriminates within and across treatment groups by EOD and within a community‐based pediatric sample. The measure is associated with the Global Health rating (P < 0.05), thereby indicating convergent validity. Conclusions: Reliability and validity testing demonstrate that the COHIP‐SF 19 is a psychometrically sound instrument to measure oral health‐related quality of life across school‐aged pediatric populations.     

Differential item functioning in a Brazilian–Portuguese version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11‐14)

Traebert J, de Lacerda JT, Thomson WM, Foster Page L, Locker D. Differential item functioning in a Brazilian–Portuguese version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_11‐14). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract – Objective: To determine whether a Portuguese language version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 11–14‐year‐olds (CPQ_11‐14) showed differential item functioning (DIF) when compared with the original English language version. Methods: CPQ_11‐14 data from a school‐based Brazilian study (n = 138) was compared with CPQ_11‐14 data collected as part of a school‐based study conducted in New Zealand (n = 322). In order to detect DIF, ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed with each CPQ_11‐14 item as the dependent variable. The independent variables were language group (English versus Portuguese), the CPQ_11‐14 sub‐scale score of which the item was a part, and an interaction term for language*sub‐scale score. Nonuniform DIF was deemed to be present if the interaction term was significant. Moderate to large uniform DIF was deemed to be present if after removing the interaction term the β coefficient (log odds ratio) for language group was significant and numerically greater than 0.64. Analyses were also undertaken to detect pseudo‐DIF. Results: Nonuniform DIF was found in five items and moderate to large uniform DIF in an additional four items. Analyses using ‘purified’ sub‐scale scores indicated that little of the DIF detected was pseudo‐DIF. A comparison of the language groups using DIF affected and DIF‐free overall and subscale CPQ_11‐14 scores revealed that the DIF detected had only a marginal effect on the differences between language groups in scores. Conclusion: Oral health‐related quality of life questionnaires, particularly those that have been translated, need to be assessed for DIF and its likely impact on group comparisons.     

中文版口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-49）的研制

目的：中文版口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-49）的翻译及验证研究。方法：按国际标准程序,对英文原版口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-49）进行翻译、回译及跨文化适应过程,形成中文版OHIP-49。使用该量表和自评口腔健康状况调查表,对随机抽取的患有不同口腔疾病的患者和社区居民进行口腔健康相关生活质量调查,考评量表的信度和效度。结果：发放问卷360分,回收有效量表333份。OHIP-49各维度及量表总得分的内部一致性Cronbach＇sα系数为0.79～0.96,重测系数为0.83～0.97;量表得分与自评口腔健康呈显著正相关（P〈0.001）;量表各维度及总得分在不同自我评价治疗需要的人群中有显著差异。结论：OHIP-49中文版具有良好的信度、效度,适合在中国人群中应用。     

Association between oral health‐related and general health‐related quality of life in subjects attending dental offices in Germany

Objectives: To evaluate the GHRQoL and OHRQoL of patients attending dental offices in Germany and to determine correlation coefficients between SF (Short Form)‐12 and OHIP (Oral Health Impact Profile)‐14 scores. Methods: A total of 10,342 dental offices were randomly selected. Each of the 1,113 that consented to participate received 20 questionnaires to be filled in by a convenience sample of the patients. The questionnaire included the OHIP‐14‐form for OHRQoL as well as the SF‐12‐form for GHRQoL. Results: A total of 12,392 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the participants (64.9 percent female, 35.1 percent male) was 44.25 years. The mean summary score of OHIP‐14 was 6.30 (SD 7.46). The mean physical component summary scale (PCS) of the SF‐12 was 51.15 (SD 7.23) and the mental component summary scale (MCS) was 50.17 (SD 8.55). The variance of PCS and MCS could be explained to 10 percent each by oral health‐related quality of life (r² = 0.095 and 0.101, P < 0.001). Conclusion: OHRQoL is considerably related to GHRQoL.     

Testing the Arabic short form versions of the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire and the Family Impact Scale in Oman

Short form versions of the Parental-Caregivers Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS) have been developed for use as measures of oral health-related quality of life in dental research.

Objectives

(1) To translate the original English short form versions of the P-CPQ and FIS and examine their validity, and (2) to describe the impact of early childhood caries on oral health-related quality of life in young Omani children and their families.

Methods

Parents/caregivers of children awaiting treatment for early childhood caries completed the P-CPQ and FIS at the Military Dental Center in Oman. Data were obtained from 191 families (representing a 94.1% participation rate). A global Oral Health Quality of Life (OHRQoL) item was used concurrently to examine the scales’ validity.

Results

The cross-sectional concurrent validity of the short form version of the P-CPQ was apparent in the significant gradient across the response categories of the global OHRQoL item, but the FIS short form version did not perform as well.

Conclusion

The P-CPQ appears to be valid, but further investigation of the FIS is required, along with examination of the scales’ responsiveness to change.     

Assessing the level of agreement between the self‐ and interview‐administered Child‐OIDP

Rosel E, Tsakos G, Bernabé E, Sheiham A, Bravo M. Assessing the level of agreement between the self‐ and interview‐administered Child‐OIDP. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 340–347. © John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract –  Objective: To assess the level of agreement between the self‐ and interviewer‐administered Child version of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child‐OIDP) index. Methods: This was a randomised study in 177 children aged 10–13 years from Granada (Spain). All children completed both administration modes of the Child‐OIDP; half the sample received the interviewer‐administered version first (n = 90), and the other half the self‐administered version first (n = 87). This was done to address potential order effects due to the sequential administration of both instruments. The level of agreement between both modes of administration was assessed with the Bland and Altman method for the Child‐OIDP score and Kappa for the prevalence of oral impacts. Results: The two groups did not differ in their socio‐demographic characteristics or self‐perceived oral health measures. No order effects were found. There was no significant difference between the two modes of administration in terms of the overall score and prevalence of oral impacts (P ≥ 0.784 in both cases). The mean difference in Child‐OIDP scores was 0.03 (95% CI = ?0.29 to 0.35) and the 95% limits of agreement were ?6.32 and 4.93. Kappa value for the prevalence of impacts was 0.92. Conclusions: The self‐ and interviewer‐administered Child‐OIDP had a high level of agreement, irrespectively of whether the overall score or the prevalence of oral impacts was used to describe children’s quality of life.