Gastric emptying rate in subjects with malocclusion examined by [13C] breath test

Masticatory function is significantly lower in individuals with malocclusion than in those with normal occlusion. Although several studies suggest that masticatory function influences gastrointestinal digestive function, the relationship between malocclusion and gastrointestinal symptoms has not been studied extensively. We hypothesised that insufficient masticatory function would increase the functional burden of the stomach and have some influence on the gastrointestinal system. The purpose of this study was to investigate masticatory function and gastric emptying rate in subjects with malocclusion. Eleven healthy dentate female volunteers and eleven female patients with maloc‐clusion underwent a ¹³C‐acetate breath test with a liquid meal. Maximum ¹³CO₂ exhalation time (T_max) was compared statistically between both groups. Masticatory function was assessed by colour‐changeable chewing gum. In addition, the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroeso‐phageal reflux disease (FSSG) and questionnaires on food intake were given to both groups. The mean T_max of the malocclusion group was significantly longer than that of the normal occlusion group (P = 0·007). Masticatory performance, measured by colour‐changeable gum and questionnaires, was significantly lower in the malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group (P = 0·023, P = 0·003). There was no significant difference in the FSSG results between the two groups (P = 0·262). This study suggested that there was a correlation between malocclusion and gastric emptying function in women.     

Malocclusion and caries prevalence: is there a connection in the primary and mixed dentitions?

The purpose of this epidemiological cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and caries in children and to investigate whether a relationship exists between prevalence of caries and studied malocclusion. The study consisted of 8,864 preschool and schoolchildren with primary dentitions (mean age 4.5 years) and mixed dentitions (mean age 8.9 years). 1997 WHO dental caries criteria were applied to both groups. The existence of an increased caries risk was deducted from the dmft and DMFT indices related to age. Malocclusion in primary and mixed dentitions was classified into seven types. Fifty-seven percent of all children had some form of malocclusion. Prevalence of malocclusion increased and was significantly greater in the mixed dentition sample (p<0.001) than in the primary dentition sample. Seventy-four percent of children with primary dentitions and 23% of children with mixed dentitions had zero dmft and DMFT scores. Mean dmft indices in subjects with primary and mixed dentitions were 1.02 and 1.53, respectively. No positive correlation between prevalence of caries and malocclusion could be established in the sub sample with primary teeth only. However, statistically significant parallelism in prevalence of malocclusion and caries were found for posterior cross-bite (p=0.050) and mandibular overjet (p=0.013) in children with mixed dentitions.     

Prevalence of malocclusion traits and orthodontic treatment in a Finnish adult population

Objective The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of malocclusion traits and the extent of orthodontic treatment in a Finnish adult population. Materials and methods The study population comprised subjects (n?=?1964) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 living in the city of Oulu and within 100?km of it. A clinical oral and dental examination with registration of occlusion was carried out in 2012 in connection with a 46-year follow-up survey. Data on previous orthodontic treatment were collected based on a questionnaire. Results In the clinical examination, 39.5% of the subjects had at least one malocclusion trait. The most common malocclusion traits were lateral crossbite (17.9%), overbite?≥?6?mm (11.7%) and overjet?≥?6?mm (9.7%). Crossbite on the left premolars, negative overjet and increased overbite were found more frequently in men. The prevalence of malocclusion traits was at the same level in treated and untreated groups. Overall, 18.6% of the subjects had undergone orthodontic treatment. Women showed a significantly higher prevalence of orthodontic treatment. Conclusions The most common malocclusion trait in the present study was lateral crossbite. Significant male dominance in the prevalence of malocclusion was observed, which has not been reported earlier in Finland. Orthodontic treatment of malocclusion traits was more common among females in Northern Finland. This study indicates that orthodontic treatment provided in childhood was, on average, adequate in reducing malocclusion traits to the level observed in the general population.     

Early treatment mechanics of the Class II division 2 malocclusion

A most common type of early malocclusion that the pediatric dentist comes in contact with daily is the developing Class II Division 2 malocclusion (Fig 1-a,b). It is the malocclusion that the parents of the children we serve bring to our attention. Parental concern is the early crowding that develops in the anterior of the lower arch with risk of periodontal involvement. This malocclusion is readily amenable to interception at age 7 or 8 and can proceed with a protocol of defined objectives and predictable outcomes (Fig 2). With efficient and effective utility arch wire (UAW) mechanics a state of normalcy can be achieved within six to eight months of treatment.     

Dental malocclusion in native children of British Columbia, Canada

Abstract Since 1972, the Medical Services Branch (MSB). Pacific Region of Health Canada, has conducted quadrennial surveys of the dental health status of Native children in British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. This paper will analyze the findings related to dental malocclusion. Data from the most recent survey in 1988 are compared to data from 1980, and also to similar data from the most recent B. C. Children's Dental Health Survey. Prevalences of abnormal and severe malocclusion are also compared to the original 1972 data. Methods used in the surveys were detailed in a previous paper (1). Significant decreases in the percentage of children with drifting due to premature space loss (P<0.05), as well as a slight decrease in the percentage of children with crowding were observed. A trend towards an increase in Class II molar relationship was demonstrated, but was not consistent for all age groups. In contrast, there was a slight, but consistent, trend towards a decrease in the percentage of children with an anterior openbite. Comparisons between the age groups demonstrated an increased prevalence of abnormal molar relationship, drifting due to space loss, crowding, crossbite, and overjet greater than 4 mm in children older than 7 years. Native children had a significantly greater prevalence of Class III molar relationship, crossbite, crowding, negative overjet. and anterior openbite than other schoolchildren in B.C. (P<0.05). However, percentage of Native children with a severe malocclusion decreased significantly from 1972 lo 1988 for 7, 9, and 11 year old children (P<0.05), but not for 13 and 15-yr-olds. Improvement has occurred over time in some aspects of dental malocclusion in these Native Canadian children, but malocclusion continues to be a frequent problem, especially amongst adolescents.     

Twin-block功能矫治联合固定矫治对安氏II类患者骨性指标及牙（牙合）指标的影响

目的 探究Twin-block功能矫治联合固定矫治对安氏Ⅱ类患者骨性指标及牙(牙合)指标的影响。方法 选取我院自2017年6月至2020年12月期间收治的53例安氏Ⅱ类患者为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组，对照组（n=26）给予常规固定矫治治疗，观察组（n=27）在对照组基础上加以Twin-block功能矫治治疗，比较两组的面颌骨组织矫治效果、牙(牙合)矫治效果、气道改善效果、矫治时间及随访复发情况。结果 两组患者FH-NPo、Go-Me、Ar-Go、N-Me、S-Go、SNB、IMPA、NLA值均显著增大（P <0.05）,SNA、ANB、U1-NA、L1-MP值均显著减小（P <0.05），患儿PAR指数各指标评分及总分均显著降低（P <0.05），气道体积与气道横截面积均显著增加（P <0.05），且观察组上述矫治指标改善显著优于对照组（P <0.05）；观察组平均矫治时间显著低于对照组（t=3.925,P <0.05）。结论Twin-block功能矫治联合固定矫治可显著改善安氏Ⅱ类患者面颌部骨组织发育，促进牙齿正常建(牙合)，扩...     

A preliminary approach of the malocclusion of second permanent molar]

We examined 2183 cases of orodental malocclusion in our clinic. 420 cases of deep-overjet of second permanent molar were found. In this paper we discussed the sex and age of the patients, distribution of tooth position, ratio, degree of overjet, causes of malocclusion, malocclusion condition, endangerment, prevention and treatment.     

Comparison of oral-health-related quality of life during treatment with headgear and functional appliances

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011 Background. Functional and headgear are two well‐known approaches in the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion in preadolescent children. Assessment of psycho‐social impacts of wearing devices during the treatment period is central to enhancing the quality of healthcare services. Aim. This study aimed to compare oral‐health‐related quality of life in two groups consisting of children wearing headgear or functional appliances. We also compared these groups with a non‐malocclusion group. Design. The study population consisted of 187, 11‐ to 14‐year‐old children in three groups of functional (n = 67), headgear (n = 67) and nonmalocclusion (n = 53). Children were asked to complete the translated version of the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire. Total scores and subscale scores of the three clinical groups were compared through ANOVA. Results. There was no significant difference in mean total scale score and subscale scores between functional and headgear groups (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found in both mean total and subscale scores between the malocclusion and nonmalocclusion groups (P < 0.001) except oral symptoms subscale (P > 0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study reveal that functional and headgear appliances do not differ in terms of impact on daily life during the treatment. Moreover, both groups have poorer OHQoL compared to malocclusion group.     

Does malocclusion influence the adolescent's satisfaction with appearance? A cross‐sectional study nested in a Brazilian birth cohort

Abstract – Objectives: To test whether malocclusion had an impact on adolescents’ appearance satisfaction regardless of other physical aspects. Methods: A cross‐sectional study nested in a birth cohort study was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil. A random sample of 900 15‐year‐old adolescents was selected. WHO criteria were used to define malocclusion and a questionnaire was administered including self‐reported skin colour and appearance satisfaction. Dental caries were assessed. Height and weight were measured and body mass index calculated. Data concerning gender and socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from the cohort's perinatal study. Adjusted analyses including all confounding variables investigated were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance in order to identify the potential risk factors for appearance dissatisfaction. All analyses were carried out separately by gender. Results: The sample included 867 individuals, 54.1% men. The prevalence of moderate or severe malocclusion was 30.6% (95% CI: 26.5–34.7) among boys, and 32.8% (95% CI: 28.2–37.4) among girls (P = 0.524). Dissatisfaction with appearance was reported by 29.8% of the boys and by 46.5% of the girls (P < 0.001). A positive association between malocclusion and appearance dissatisfaction, controlling for other physical, dental caries and socioeconomic characteristics was observed only in girls [prevalence ratio = 1.4 (1.3–1.7)]. Conclusions: Malocclusion is a common condition and is positively associated with appearance dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. The effect of different types of malocclusion on appearance dissatisfaction should be the focus of further investigation.     

Mini-implants for en masse intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth in a severe Class II division 2 malocclusion

Abstract

This case report describes the treatment of a 16-year-old post pubertal male patient with a severe Class II division 2 malocclusion and 100% deep bite. In the first phase of treatment, a ‘Jones-Jig’ molar distalization appliance was used to distalize the maxillary molars by more than 6 mm, to achieve a Class I molar relation. In the second phase of treatment, mini-implants were inserted between the roots of the maxillary lateral incisor and canine to intrude all the maxillary anterior teeth en masse in a single step. Four millimetres of intrusion was achieved. The implants remained stable throughout treatment. In the mandibular arch the incisors were proclined to alleviate the severe crowding. Good overjet and overbite was achieved and has been maintained one year after completion of active orthodontic treatment.     

Digital images as an alternative to orthodontic casts in assessing malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need

Objective. To investigate the potential use of two-dimensional digital images as an alternative to orthodontic casts in the assessment of malocclusion and orthodoantic treatment need. Material and Methods. Assessment of malocclusion (Angle's classification of molars, overjet, and overbite) and orthodontic treatment need (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN): Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC)) was conducted on 313 study casts and their images by two trained and calibrated examiners. Agreement of orthodontic treatment need and Angle's molar classification was assessed employing Kappa statistics (κ). Agreement of overjet and overbite (measured in mm) was assessed in comparison and correlation analyses. Inter- and intra-examiner reliability of assessment was investigated. Results. There was substantial agreement of the molar relationship classifications (κ >0.70), orthodontic treatment need as assessed by IOTN-DHC (κ =0.79) and IOTN-AC (κ =0.56) between measurements obtained from orthodontic casts and their images. There was also substantial agreement of measurements of overjet and overbite as obtained from orthodontic casts and their images. The standardized directional differences of overjet and overbite were ≤0.2. The intra-class correlation coefficients of assessments of overjet and overbite obtained from orthodontic casts and their images were >0.90. Inter- and intra-examiner reliability for the assessment of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need was acceptable. Conclusion. Two-dimensional digital images can be used as an alternative to casts in assessment of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need.     

Back Matter

Abstract

Objective: To explore the validity and reliability of the child perception questionnaire as an oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measure in adolescents with malocclusion.

Design: A cross-sectional study comparing two groups of individuals.

Setting: One group of children with malocclusion was recruited from the orthodontic departments at the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital (CCDH), Sheffield and Chesterfield Royal Hospital (CRH), Chesterfield. A second group with no malocclusion was recruited from the Paediatric Department at CCDH and one General Dental Practice in Sheffield.

Subjects and methods: The malocclusion group consisted of 116 patients aged 11–14 years about to commence orthodontic treatment. The non-malocclusion group consisted of 31 11–14-year-old patients with index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) 1 and 2, and DMFT ≤2, with no history of orthodontic treatment. The children completed the child perception questionnaire (CPQ), including global ratings of oral health and satisfaction. Each child rated their own IOTN aesthetic component (AC) score.

Outcome measures: Total CPQ scores and responses in the four domains. Self-perceived AC scores and responses to global rating of oral health, life overall and satisfaction rating were recorded.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the malocclusion and non-malocclusion total CPQ scores (P = 0.012). These differences were significant for the emotional (P = 0.006) and social well-being (P = 0.001) health domains, and not significant for the oral symptoms and functional limitations health domains. There were significant correlations between the total CPQ score and overall well-being (R _s = 0.397) and patient satisfaction (R _s = 0.362).

Conclusions: Malocclusion has a negative impact on the OHRQoL of an adolescent. A shortened version of this form, specifically for prospective orthodontic patients, may be beneficial as an additional measure to assess need for treatment especially as some of the questions in the oral symptoms and functional limitations subscales of the current questionnaire are not relevant to orthodontic patients.     

Posterior scissors‐bite: masticatory jaw movement and muscle activity

Scissors‐bite is a malocclusion characterised by buccal inclination or buccoversion of the maxillary posterior tooth and/or linguoclination or linguoversion of the mandibular posterior tooth. This type of malocclusion causes reduced contact of the occlusal surfaces and can cause excessive vertical overlapping of the posterior teeth. This case–control study is the first to evaluate both masticatory jaw movement and masseter and temporalis muscle activity in patients with unilateral posterior scissors‐bite. Jaw movement variables and surface electromyography data were recorded in 30 adult patients with unilateral posterior scissors‐bite malocclusion and 18 subjects with normal occlusion in a case–control study. The chewing pattern on the scissors‐bite side significantly differed from that of the non‐scissors‐bite side in the patients and of the right side in the normal subjects. These differences included a narrower chewing pattern (closing angle, P < 0·01; cycle width, P < 0·01), a longer closing duration (P < 0·05), a slower closing velocity (P < 0·01) and lower activities of both the temporalis (P < 0·05) and the masseter (P < 0·05) muscles on the working side. In 96% of the patients with unilateral posterior scissors‐bite, the preferred chewing side was the non‐scissors‐bite side (P = 0·005). These findings suggest that scissors‐bite malocclusion is associated with the masticatory chewing pattern and muscle activity, involving the choice of the preferred chewing side in patients with unilateral posterior scissors‐bite.     

Analysis of craniofacial character of glucose transporter type I deficiency syndrome

Patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies often require orthodontic treatment to correct malocclusion. Numerous case reports about craniofacial anomalies have been published, but for many syndromic diseases the pathology of malocclusion and/or solutions for it remain elusive. In this study, we investigated craniofacial features as well as orthodontic treatment outcomes of patients with glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS), which is an autosomal dominant genetic disease. Cross sectional study was performed using 9 GLUT1-DS patients, aged from 8 to 49 years old. All of the participants underwent intraoral and radiographic examinations. Lateral cephalogram measurement was performed for investigating possible craniofacial features in GLUT1-DS patients. Most of them showed skeletal discrepancy with large overjet. Some patients had a history of trauma to their maxillary incisor(s). In order to correct the patients’ malocclusion, we employed conventional orthodontic appliances and obtained good treatment outcomes. Based on these results, we summarized features associated with the deficiency of GLUT1-DS and also showed the benefit of correcting the malocclusion using conventional orthodontic procedures. Through this report, we showed the craniofacial characteristics and malocclusion of the GLUT1-DS patient which could be treated with conventional orthodontic approach.     

‘Study of the maxillary yaw on cone beam computed tomography: A preliminary report and comparison between two different dento-skeletal malocclusions’

Objectives

To assess the skeletal and dental maxillary transverse compensation (yaw) on the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) three-dimensional reconstructed image of the skull in two groups of patients, both clinically affected by a class III malocclusion with deviation of the lower midline.

Materials and Methods

An observational retrospective study was designed to analyse differences in two groups of patients, the first one was composed by patients affected by horizontal condylar hyperplasia, the second one by patients affected by dento-skeletal asymmetric class III malocclusion. Each group was composed by 15 patients. Transverse analysis was performed by measuring five landmarks (three bilateral and two uneven) with respect to a mid-sagittal plane; sagittal analysis was performed by measuring the sagittal distance on the mid-sagittal plane between bilateral points. Means were compared through inferential analysis.

Results

In the condylar hyperplasia group, all differences between the two sides were not statistically significant, nor for canines' difference (P = .0817), for molars (P = .1105) or for jugular points (.05871). In the class III group, the differences between the two sides were statistically significant for molars (P = .0019) and jugular points (P = .0031) but not for canines (P = .1158). Comparing the two groups, significant differences were found only for incisors' midline deviation (P = .0343) and canine (P = .0177).

Conclusion

The study of the yaw on CBCT should be integrated into three-dimensional cephalometry and could help in differentiating the various malocclusion patterns.     

Attitudes to malocclusion among 18- and 35-year-old Norwegians

Abstract Knowledge about age-related changes in attitudes to dental appearance and orthodontic treatment may guide the orthodontist in educating and providing advice to potential patients and their parents. The purpose of the present study was to compare attitudes to malocclusion in groups of young and middle-aged adults from populations having been exposed to similar provision of care. The material comprised samples of orthodontically untreated 18-yr-olds (n=50) and 35-yr-olds (n=73) from Oslo, Norway. From a clinical examination, radiographs, and measurements on dental study casts, the subjects were classified according to the Need for Orthodontic Treatment Index (NOTI) used by the Norwegian Health Insurance System. Satisfaction with dental appearance and desire for orthodontic treatment were investigated using questionnaires. The 35-yr-olds exhibited significantly more malocclusion compared to the 18-yr-olds (P<0.01). Among subjects classified to have obvious need for orthodontic treatment, 54% and 21% expressed dissatisfaction at ages 18 yr and 35 yr, respectively, indicating a lower level of concern for malocclusion in the older age group.     

Nonextraction treatment of severe Class II, division 2 malocclusions. Part 2

Nonextraction treatment of a severe Class II, Division 2 malocclusion is presented. Timing, sequencing of appliance therapy, and segmental arch treatment are discussed. The effects of orthodontic treatment, pubertal growth, and postpubertal growth are illustrated with different growth responses. Correction of the handicapping malocclusion was achieved by the development of arch circumference, torque, intrusion of incisors, and vertical buccal dentoalveolar development. Various subtypes of Class II, Division 2 malocclusion are presented. Pretreatment and posttreatment records are evaluated.     

The modified twin block appliance in the treatment of Class II division 2 malocclusions

Two case reports illustrate the effective treatment of Class II division 2 malocclusion with modifications to the Twin Block appliance. This approach may reduce the total treatment time and reduce the need for extra-oral anchorage. In each of the cases presented treatment has been carried out on a non-extraction basis with full correction of the malocclusion.     

Pathognomonic cephalometric characteristics of Angle Class II Division 2 malocclusion

The Class II division 2 (Class II/2) malocclusion as originally defined by E.H. Angle is relatively rare. The orthodontic literature does not agree on the skeletal characteristics of this malocclusion. Several researchers claim that it is characterized by an orthognathic facial pattern and that the malocclusion is dentoalveolar per se. Others claim that the Class II/2 malocclusion has unique skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics. The present study describes the skeletal and dentoalveolar cephalometric characteristics of 50 patients clinically diagnosed as having Class II/2 malocclusion according to Angle's original criteria. The study compares the findings with those of both a control group of 54 subjects with Class II division I (Class II/1) malocclusion and a second control group of 34 subjects with Class I (Class I) malocclusion. The findings demonstrate definite skeletal and dentoalveolar patterns with the following characteristics: (1) the maxilla is orthognathic, (2) the mandible has relatively short and retrognathic parameters, (3) the chin is relatively prominent, (4) the facial pattern is hypodivergent, (5) the upper central incisors are retroclined, and (6) the overbite is deep. The results demonstrate that, in a sagittal direction, the entity of Angle Class II/2 malocclusion might actually be located between the Angle Class I and the Angle Class II/1 malocclusions. with unique vertical skeletal characteristics.     

咬下唇不良习惯与错He

作者面过对咬下唇不良习惯的病例分析，发现所有咬下唇不良习惯均导致不同程度的深覆盖，但产生深覆盖的机制各不相同。在矫治方面。根据患儿年龄及错He程度不同可采用唇挡结合活动、功能或固定矫正器同时使用的方法以达到最佳的矫治效果。