乳腺癌中同源异型盒基因(HOX)A5表达的研究

目的研究乳腺癌组织中同源异型盒基因（HOX）A5mRNA和蛋白表达,并分析其与乳腺癌临床病理参数间的相关性,以探讨HOXA5基因在乳腺癌发生、发展及转移中的作用。方法运用TaqMan实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（Real-time RT-PCR）技术检测60例乳腺癌（其中54例浸润性导管癌）和24例乳腺良性病变中HOXA5 mRNA表达,免疫组织化学SP法检测HOXA5蛋白表达。统计学办法分析HOXA5攮因表达与乳腺癌临床病理参数间的关系。结果（1）乳腺癌中HOXA5 mRNA相对表达量为0．73～193．07,均值为20．85;乳腺良性病变中相对表达量为5．42～81.91,均值为30．94。乳腺癌HOXA5 mRNA表达明显低于良性乳腺病变（P〈0．01）。（2）乳腺癌中HOXA5蛋白表达减少或消失。（3）淋巴结转移阳性乳腺癌病例HOXA5 mRNA表达明显低于转移阴性组,两者间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。HOXA5蛋白在淋巴结转移阳性和阴性乳腺癌中的表达差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）。淋巴结转移阳性的乳腺癌中HOXA5蛋白主要呈弱阳性表达或表达缺失,在淋巴结转移阴性的乳腺癌中主要呈中度至强阳性表达。（4）HOXA5 mRNA和蛋白表达与乳腺癌患者年龄、肿瘤大小、临床分期、组织学分型、浸润性导管癌分级等其他临床病理学参数间未见相关性（P〉0．05）。结论HOXA5基因表达异常可能与乳腺癌有关。HOXA5基因表达抑制可能与乳腺癌淋巴结转移有关。     

维甲酸对胎鼠Vangl1及Vangl2基因表达的影响

神经管畸形的发生是由遗传因素与环境因素共同作用产生的。平面细胞极性途径（planar cell polarity，PCP）对脊椎动物神经胚形成非常重要。该途径基因的任何突变都可能导致神经管不能闭合，与人类的颅脊柱裂相似。但是，环境因素是否影响、如何影响PCP途径基因的表达到目前仍不清楚。目的研究维甲酸对胎鼠Vangl1及Vangl2基因表达的时空特征的影响。方法全反式维甲酸橄榄油混悬液按120mg／kg在BALB／C小鼠怀孕第9．5天（E9．5）（B组）或E10．5（C组）灌胃，A组仅用橄榄油灌胃。取E9．5、E10．5、E11．5、E13．5、E15．5、E17．5、E19．5胎鼠，Vangl1及Vangl2基因表达量采用逆转录酶PCR（RT—PCR）检测，其时空表达采用全胚胎原位杂交（WISH）检测。结果结果显示，正常情况下Vangl1及Vangl2基因在整个神经胚形成过程中都有强表达。而B组胎鼠从脑到后神经孔Vangl1及Vangl2基因表达显著下调。C组较复杂，二基因表达在全胚胎（从E11．5到E13．5）及神经管脊柱区（从E15．5到E19．5）显著下调并维持低表达，但在神经管的颅区（E15．5到E19．5）仅中度下调。结论：结果提示，维甲酸诱导的神经管畸形的发生与Vangl1及Vangl2基因转录子下调有关。     

血清PDCD4、ZEB1、G-17联合检测对早期胃癌的诊断价值

目的 探究血清程序性细胞死亡因子4(PDCD4)、E盒结合锌指蛋白1(ZEB1)、胃泌素-17(G-17)联合检测对早期胃癌（GC）的诊断价值。方法 将本院收治的136例GC患者、82例萎缩性胃炎患者分别设为GC组、萎缩性胃炎组,另选取同期136例体检健康者设为对照组。比较各组血清PDCD4 mRNA、ZEB1 mRNA及G-17、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、癌胚抗原（CEA）水平。根据GC患者病情进展程度将其分为早期GC组（80例）和进展期GC组（56例）,比较早期GC组、进展期GC组患者血清PDCD4 mRNA、ZEB1 mRNA及G-17、CA19-9、CEA水平;分析血清PDCD4 mRNA、ZEB1 mRNA、G-17、CA19-9、CEA单独或联合检测对早期GC的诊断价值。结果 与对照组相比,萎缩性胃炎组、GC组患者血清PDCD4 mRNA表达水平降低（P<0.05）,ZEB1 mRNA、G-17水平升高（P<0.05）;与萎缩性胃炎组相比,GC组患者血清PDCD4 mRNA表达水平降低（P<0.05）,ZEB1 mRNA、G-17、CA19-9、C...     

过表达BMI-1对HeLa细胞中HOX基因表达和细胞周期的影响

目的： 将构建成功的真核表达载体pEGFP-BMI-1转染宫颈癌细胞系HeLa,检测其对同源盒（HOX）基因表达和细胞周期的影响。方法: 采用脂质体转染法,将质粒pEGFP-BMI-1 DNA瞬时转染HeLa细胞,确定融合蛋白B细胞特异性莫洛尼氏白血病毒插入位点1-加强型绿色荧光蛋白（BMI-1-EGFP）表达后,实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测转染前后HeLa细胞中周期素依赖性激酶抑制剂P16INK4a、人类端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）、同源盒A9（HOXA9）、同源盒B4(HOXB4)和同源盒C13(HOXC13) mRNA的表达变化,PI染色流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果: (1)在HeLa细胞中过表达BMI-1显著下调P16INK4a、HOXA9和HOXC13 mRNA的表达,分别平均降低为对照组的9.2%、10.9%和69.7%(P<0.01),而hTERT和HOXB4 mRNA的表达变化无显著差异(P＞0.05)。(2)pEGFP-BMI-1转染HeLa细胞后,G1期细胞由65.68％减少至50.53％,S期细胞则由27.17％增加至39.59％(P<0.01)。结论: 真核表达载体pEGFP-BMI-1转染HeLa细胞过表达外源性BMI-1,显著下调P16INK4a、HOXA9和HOXC13的表达,同时G1期细胞减少、S期细胞增加,这可能是BMI-1参与肿瘤发生发展的机制之一。     

Dlx同源盒基因在牙源性细胞成骨向分化中的作用

背景：近年来研究发现Dlx同源盒基因在牙源性细胞成骨向分化诱导过程中发挥重要作用,可参与多种成骨相关信号通路的调控或影响成骨关键转录因子的表达,Dlx基因的这种调控作用可能为临床牙周组织再生研究提供新的思路和方法。目的：对Dlx基因家族主要成员在牙源性细胞成骨向分化中的作用及机制的研究进展进行综述。方法：以“distal-less homeobox gene,distal-less homeobox,dlx,dlx gene,bone-formation,osteogenesis,bone formation,ossification,ossifications,osteoclastogenesis,osteoclastogeneses,endochondral ossification,dental,oral,odontogenic,dental stem cell”及“Dlx同源盒基因,Dlx基因,Dlx,成骨,牙,牙源性,牙源性干细胞”为检索词,在PubMed、CNKI、万方数据库中进行相关文献检索,排除质量较低及与文章主题无关的研究及试验,最后纳入82篇文献进行仔细阅读分析与总...     

不同年龄大鼠脑组织中MHC、CD4及CD8分子的表达及其意义

目的：探讨MHC、CD4及CD8分子在不同年龄的大鼠脑组织中的表达及其意义.方法：将实验大鼠按胎龄和日龄分为7组：E15、E19、P0、P7、P14、P28及老年组（24月龄）;采用免疫组化方法,检测MHC、CD4和CD8分子在大鼠脑组织中海马区、脉络丛、大脑皮质及结缔组织的表达.结果：（1）E15d大鼠脑组织未见MHC Ⅰ类分子的表达;其他年龄组在结缔组织和脉络丛有MHC Ⅰ类分子的表达.其中从P0 d组～P14 d组大鼠的海马和部分大脑皮质神经元上MHCⅠ类分子的表达逐渐升高,P14 d组的表达最高（P＜0.05）;P28 d组的表达明显下降（P＜0.05）;老年组大鼠海马神经元上的表达再次升高（P＜0.05）.（2）E15 d组大鼠脑组织中未见MHC Ⅱ、CD4和CD8分子的表达;其他年龄组MHC Ⅱ、CD4和CD8除在结缔组织和脉络丛脉络膜表达外,在神经元上未见表达.（3）各年龄组在小脑皮质神经元上未见MHC Ⅰ、Ⅱ、CD4和CD8分子的表达.结论：胚胎后期脑内开始有MHC、CD4和CD8分子的表达,表明此时脑内已有可能出现免疫反应.在新生鼠及出生早期,部分皮质和海马神经元上有MHC Ⅰ类分子的表达,可能与调节神经元活动和突触可塑性连接有关.老年组大鼠MHC Ⅰ类分子在海马神经元上的表达升高,可能与神经元的功能衰退和记忆识别能力下降有关.     

整合素CD11a、CD11b和CD11c在大鼠心脏发育中的表达变化

目的 探讨整合素CD11a、CD11b和CD11c在大鼠心脏发育中的表达变化。方法 利用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法,检测胚胎18d(E18d)、生后5d(P5d)、P19d、P40d及生后1年（P1y）大鼠心肌组织的CD11a、CD11b和CD11c的基因和蛋白表达。结果 免疫组织化学结果显示,大鼠心肌
组织CD11a、CD11b和CD11c表达部位在心肌细胞质内;从E18d到P1y大鼠心肌组织CD11a、CD11b和CD11c的表达逐渐减弱。 RT-PCR显示,CD11a、CD11b、CD11c各组均呈阳性表达。其中CD11a在P5d和P40d间,P5d和 P19d间比较（P>0.05）差异无统计学意义,其他各组间比较差异均有统计
学意义;CD11b在E18d、P5d、P19d和P40d分别比较（P>0.05）差异无统计学意义,其他各组差异均有统计学意义;CD11c各组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 CD11a、CD11b和CD11c在大鼠心肌的发育过程中出现表达量的变化,不同结构的整合素分子在心脏发育过程表现出相似的
表达规律,它们可能对心肌细胞的发育起重要的调控作用。     

Dlx2基因过表达与前成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1成骨分化过程中的细胞凋亡和周期调控*****◆

背景：Dlx2基因在颅神经嵴细胞迁徙进入第一鳃弓过程和颅颌面骨骼发育中起重要作用,但Dlx2基因对成骨细胞分化过程中细胞凋亡和细胞周期调控的影响尚未见报道。 目的：观察Dlx2基因过表达对前成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1成骨分化过程中细胞凋亡和细胞周期调控的影响。 方法：构建反转录病毒pMSCV-puro-Dlx2并转染矿化诱导液培养下的MC3T3-E1细胞,构建稳定过表达Dlx2基因的细胞系MC3T3-E1-Dlx2。RT-PCR和Western blot验证Dlx2基因过表达细胞系的建立。Annexin V/PI双染色后流式细胞分选检测细胞凋亡,PI/RNase双染色后流式细胞分选检测细胞周期变化。 结果与结论：实验成功构建稳定过表达Dlx2基因的细胞系MC3T3-E1-Dlx2。发现Dlx2基因过表达促进细胞凋亡(P < 0.05),同时阻滞细胞周期于G1/G0期(P < 0.05),减低细胞增殖性,促进细胞分化行使功能。 关键词：成骨细胞分化;Dlx2基因;稳定过表达;细胞凋亡;细胞周期 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.10.022     

p21WAF1基因表达对人骨肉瘤预后的价值

目的 探讨骨肉瘤组织中p21^WAF1基因的表达与骨肉瘤生物学特性及预后的关系。方法 采用原位杂交及免疫组织化学（LSAB法）检测p21^WAF1mRNA及p21蛋白在45例骨肉瘤、10例骨纤维结构不良实体瘤组织标本的表达。结果 （1）p21蛋白阳性表达率在骨肉瘤中为17．7％（8／45）;（2）骨肉瘤组织高分化组与低分化组的p21蛋白阳性表达率之间的差异有统计学意义（40．0％,11．4％,X^2=4．34,P〈0．05）;（3）p21^WAF1mRNA表达阳性率在骨肉瘤中为42．2％（19／45）,骨肉瘤组织高分化组与低分化组的p21^WAF1mRNA阳性表达率之间的差异有统计学意义（60．0％,37．1％,X^2=20．6,P〈0．01）;（4）p21^WAF1mRNA表达阳性者术后生存时间高于表达阴性者术后生存时间（P〈0．05）。结论 （1）随着骨肉瘤恶性度的升高,p21^WAF1基因mRNA及p21蛋白的表达下降。（2）p21WAF1基因mRNA在骨肉瘤中的表达对评价患者的预后有一定价值。     

DLX genes as targets of ALL-1: DLX 2,3,4 down-regulation in t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemias

Dlx genes constitute a gene family thought to be essential in morphogenesis and development. We show here that in vertebrate cells, Dlx genes appear to be part of a regulatory cascade initiated by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-1, a master regulator gene whose disruption is implicated in several human acute leukemias. The expression of Dlx2, Dlx3, Dlx5, Dlx6, and Dlx7 was absent in All-1 -/- mouse embryonic stem cells and reduced in All-1 +/- cells. In leukemic patients affected by the t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal abnormality, the expression of DLX2, DLX3, and DLX4 was virtually abrogated. Our data indicate that Dlx genes are downstream targets of ALL-1 and could be considered as important tools for the study of the early leukemic cell phenotype.     

Expression of FoxO3a in clinical cases of malignant lymphoma

Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are a limited number of cells with tumorigenic activity. Few studies have been performed on CICs in malignant lymphoma. We recently demonstrated that a small number of FoxO3a-expressing cells possessed CIC-like potential in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) cell lines. In the present study, FoxO3a expression was examined immunohistochemically in 137 patients with malignant lymphoma. Among patients with HL, FoxO3a-positive tumor cells were detected in 11 of 11 with nodular sclerosis classical HL, 8 of 15 with mixed cellularity classical HL, 0 of 1 with lymphocyte-rich classical HL, and 2 of 3 with nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL. Only limited numbers of patients with non-HL expressed FoxO3a: 4 of 66 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 of 20 with follicular lymphoma, and 1 of 5 with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. No FoxO3a expression was detected in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (n = 3), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (n = 3), mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (n = 1), NK/T cell lymphoma (n = 5), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (n = 2), or T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (n = 2). These results suggest that FoxO3a is expressed mostly in patients with HL, but not in patients with non-HL. FoxO3a expression was limited to a small number of Hodgkin cells in a quiescent state. FoxO3a may be a CIC marker of HL, but not of non-HL.     

血小板源生长因子和血管紧张素Ⅱ对血管平滑肌细胞中细胞周期相关基因表达的影响

目的:观察血小板源生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)中细胞周期相关基因表达影响的异同。方法:第4-6代培养的大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞,AngⅡ10^-6mol/L和PDGF-BB20μg/L刺激静止后的VSMC,24h收集细胞。用TR1zol试剂提取VSMC中的总RNA,然后用DNA酶纯化总RNA,按DNA芯片试剂盒(Atlas^TMHuman CellCycle Arrays,Clontech公司)的步骤用标记探针,并纯化探针,然后杂交、显影,检测细胞周期相关基因的表达。结果:PDGF-BB刺激组cyclinD3mRNA、cyclinG1mRNA、p57mRNA和p16mRNA相对光密度值明显高于AngⅡ组,前者分别为后者的2.67倍、1.59倍、2.47倍、1.78倍,AngⅡ组E2F-3mRNA和DP2mRNA表达量分别低于PDGF-BB组40.34%和54.07%;而p15mRNA、p19mRNA、E2F-1mRNA、E2F-5mRNA以及N-mycmRNA仅在PDGF-BB刺激组表达;p53结合蛋白mRNA相对A值在AngⅡ组高,为PDGF-BB组的1.94倍;PCNAmRNA、c-myc结合蛋白mRNA、p53依赖性细胞生长因子mRNA、cyclinCmRNA、cyclinB1mRNA、E2F-3mRNA表达在PDGF-BB组和AngⅡ组中接近。结论:在PDGF-BB和AngⅡ诱导的VSMC增殖或肥厚过程中,细胞周期相关基因的表达是不完全相同的。     

Localization of apoptotic and proliferating cells and mRNA expression of caspases and Bcl-2 in gonads of chicken embryos

The aim of the present study was to analyze participation of apoptosis and proliferation in gonadal development in the chicken embryo by: (1) localization of apoptotic (TUNEL) and proliferating (PCNA immunoassay) cells in male and female gonads and (2) examination of mRNA expression (RT-PCR) of caspase-3, caspase-6 and Bcl-2 in the ovary and testis during the second half of embryogenesis and in newly hatched chickens. Apoptotic cells were found in gonads of both sexes. At E18 the percentage of apoptotic cells (the apoptotic index, AI) in the ovarian medulla and the testis was lower (p < 0.05) than in the ovarian cortex. In the ovarian medulla, the AI at E18 was lower (p < 0.05) than on E12. In the testis, the AI was significantly lower (p < 0.05) at E18 than at E15 and 1D. The percentage of proliferating cells (the proliferation index: PI) within the ovary significantly increased from E15 to 1D in the cortex, while proliferating cells in the medulla were detected only at E15. In the testis, the PI gradually increased from E12 to 1D. The mRNA expression of caspase-3 and -6 as well as Bcl-2 was detected in male and female gonads at days 12 (E12), 15 (E15) and 18 (E18) of embryogenesis and the day after hatching (1D). The expression of all analyzed genes on E12 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in female than in male gonads. This difference was also observed at E15 and E18, but only for the caspase-6. The results obtained showed tissue- and sex-dependent differences in the number of apoptotic and proliferating cells as well as mRNA expression of caspase-3, -6 and Bcl-2 genes in the gonads of chicken embryos. Significant increase in the number of proliferating cells in the ovarian cortex and lack of these cells in the ovarian medulla (stages E12, E18, 1D) simultaneous with decrease in the intensity of apoptosis only in the medulla indicates that proliferation is the dominant process involved in the cortical development, which constitutes the majority of the functional structure of the fully developed ovary. No pronounced changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes found during embryogenesis suggest that they cannot be considered as important indicators of gonad development. The molecular mechanisms of the regulation of balance between apoptosis and proliferation in developing avian gonads need to be further investigated.