淋巴结原发上皮样血管内皮瘤1例及文献复习

目的 探讨淋巴结原发上皮样血管内皮瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 1例淋巴结原发上皮样血管内皮瘤进行HE切片、组织化学、免疫组化等观察，并复习文献进行讨论。结果 光镜下肿瘤细胞呈多角形或类圆形上皮样，无明显核分裂象，组织结构多种，呈单个细胞条索、实性巢状及管腔样结构排列，瘤细胞形成小的细胞内管腔，见胞质内空泡，并见红细胞，此特征为细胞原始管腔结构。玻璃样间质。网状纤维染色显示血管腔隙结构。肿瘤细胞表达Vim、CD31、FⅧRAg，少数细胞表达CD34。结论 淋巴结原发上皮样血管内皮瘤是极少见的低度恶性血管性肿瘤，可出现多种组织结构，有一定的特征性。应与转移性癌、转移性恶性黑色素瘤、上皮样血管肉瘤、上皮样血管瘤、上皮样肉瘤及硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤等鉴别。     

上皮样血管内皮瘤的临床病理分析

目的：探讨上皮样（组织细胞样）血管内皮瘤的临床病理学特点及其意义。方法：对9例上皮样血管内皮瘤进行光镜和免疫组织化学SP法检测,1例作电镜观察,结果：年龄16－47岁,平均32岁,男女性别差异无显著性意义。部位：头面部4例,上肢3例,下肢2例,形态特征：瘤细胞具有上皮样或组织细胞样的形态;瘤细胞圆形或多角开,三五成群呈小巢状,索状,不规则状排列,分布于粘液间质中;间质可显著或少量粘液样变或玻璃样变,瘤细胞内含有原始血管腔,核分裂角,多形性及坏死少见,部分病例伴有梭形细胞血管内皮瘤改变,1例见破骨细胞样的多核巨细胞,免疫组织化学检测7例,7例波形蛋白均阳性,5例第八因子相关抗原,CD31,CD34阳性,2例细胞角蛋白弱阳性,1例CD68和a1-抗胰蛋白酶阳性,电镜观察1例见胞质内含丰富的微丝和少许的W－P小体,6例随访－8年,3例在原发部位有1或2次复发,但未见有转移,结论：上皮样血管内皮瘤是一种低度恶性的软组织肉瘤,其病因学尚不清楚,熟悉其形态特征对避免误诊为其他类似病变具具有重要意义。     

硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤的临床病理学观察

目的探讨硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤的临床病理学特征、免疫表型及鉴别诊断.方法应用光镜和免疫组织化学LSAB法对8例硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤进行临床病理学分析和免疫表型检测.结果患者均为成年人,男性5例,女性3例,年龄35～54岁(平均45岁).临床上表现为深部软组织内缓慢性生长的肿块,其中大腿/臀部3例,右上臂/肩部2例,胸壁和背部2例,小腿1例.大体上,肿块呈结节状,境界相对清楚,直径2.0～10.5 cm(平均6 em),切面呈灰白色,质地坚韧或有弹性.组织学上,肿瘤由形态一致、小至中等大的圆形或多边形上皮样细胞组成,多呈单个或狭窄的条索状排列,夹杂于大量嗜伊红色、玻璃样变的胶原纤维之间.部分区域中也可排列成巢状、片状或腺泡状.高倍镜下,瘤细胞的胞质透亮或嗜伊红色,核异型性不明显,核分裂象也少见(＜1/10HPF).另在2例肿瘤的局部区域,细胞密度明显增加,核有显著的异型性,核分裂象也易见,类似经典的纤维肉瘤.免疫组织化学标记显示,瘤细胞弥漫强阳性表达波形蛋白,灶性或弱阳性表达上皮膜抗原,不表达细胞角蛋白、S-100蛋白、HMB45、肌动蛋白、结蛋白、CD34、bcl-2、CD30和白细胞共同抗原(LCA)等标记.随访6例,3例复发,1例发生肺部转移.结论硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤是纤维肉瘤的一种少见亚型,尽管瘤细胞异型性不明显,核分裂象也少见,但肿瘤可发生局部复发及远处转移,临床上应视为一种低至中度恶性的软组织肉瘤处理,组织学上则应注意与一些具有上皮样形态和硬化性间质的肿瘤相鉴别.     

上皮样血管肉瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨软组织上皮样血管肉瘤(epithelioid angiosarcoma,EAS)的临床病理特点、诊断和鉴别诊断.方法 报道1例臀部软组织EAS临床资料、光镜及免疫组化染色结果,并结合文献复习进行讨论.结果 光镜下肿瘤成分几乎全部为上皮样肿瘤细胞组成,细胞排列成小巢状、片状或条索状,可见原始血管结构形成.免疫组化染色:瘤细胞高表达CD34、CKpan及vimentin,并表达CD31、CD99;而SMA、S-100、Myoglohin及HMB-45均阴性;Ki-67增殖指数＜20%.结论 软组织血管肉瘤罕见但上皮样型更为罕见,经组织病理学详细观察及免疫组化染色协助,对于正确诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义.     

胃肠道上皮样血管肉瘤四例临床病理学观察

目的探讨胃肠道血管肉瘤的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法分析4例胃肠道血管肉瘤的临床病理资料,荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测C-MYC基因是否扩增。结果2例发生在胃,1例在十二指肠与空肠交汇处,1例位于回肠。4例均为中老年人,女1例,男3例。年龄51~62岁。镜下,肿瘤在黏膜层与肌层浸润性生长;见大片血湖及含铁血黄素沉积,形成假裂隙样或腺样结构;瘤细胞呈梭形或上皮样。免疫组织化学4例均弥漫强阳性表达CD31、ERG、Fli-1;3例弥漫强阳性表达CD34;3例不同程度的表达细胞角蛋白和上皮细胞膜抗原;3例FISH检测C-MYC均为阴性。结论胃肠道血管肉瘤是一种罕见的起源于血管内皮细胞的恶性肉瘤,活检标本极易被误诊为低分化腺癌。     

滤泡性树突状细胞肉瘤临床病理观察

目的探讨滤泡性树突状细胞肉瘤的临床病理特点及免疫表型,提高对该肿瘤的认识和诊断水平。方法通过光镜、电镜和免疫组织化学染色[EnVision法,所选用抗体为：CK（AE1／AE3）、S-100蛋白、CD1a、CD21、CD23、CD35、CD34、CD68、波形蛋白、结蛋白、HMB45、p53]观察并结合临床资料对5例滤泡性树突状细胞肉瘤进行临床病理分析。5例均获随访。结果5例患者中男3例,女2例,平均年龄37岁。肿瘤均位于头颈部淋巴结。镜下观察：肿瘤组织呈片巢状、束状或旋涡状排列,瘤细胞卵圆形或梭形,胞质丰富淡嗜酸性;核卵圆形或胖梭形,趋向不规则成簇分布,散见多核巨细胞;核染色质稀疏,核仁小而清楚;核分裂象数目不等,有时显示明显的核异型。瘤细胞CD21、CD23、CD35阳性,少数瘤细胞CD68、S-100蛋白阳性,CD1a、CD34、HMB45、CK均阴性。电镜下瘤细胞有长而明显的绒毛状胞质突起及特征性的桥粒样连接,未见Birbeek颗粒。随访5～52个月（平均26个月）,无复发或再复发及转移。结论滤泡性树突状细胞肉瘤是一种少见的恶性肿瘤,预后不确定。正确诊断需要病理组织形态、电镜及免疫组织化学相结合,并应与朗格汉斯细胞肉瘤、指突状树突状细胞肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、黑色素瘤、梭形细胞癌等相鉴别。     

Epithelioid angiosarcoma of bone:a report of two cases and review of literatures

目的 提高对骨原发性上皮样血管肉瘤(epithelioid angiosarcoma,EA)的认识,避免误诊.方法 对2例原发于骨的EA进行临床病理、组织学及免疫组化分析,并进行文献复习.结果 2例均为男性,为骨组织内的多灶性、溶骨性病变,组织学上肿瘤主要由实性片状排列的上皮样细胞组成,瘤细胞核大,空泡状,含有明显核仁,可见细胞内空泡和血管腔样结构形成.免疫组化标记显示瘤细胞表达CD31、FⅧRAg、CK、vimentin.分别进行单纯化疗和手术治疗.1例失访,1例2个月后死亡.结论 骨原发性EA是一种具有上皮样特征的高度恶性血管源性肿瘤,必须与转移癌等鉴别,CD31、CK等血管标记物对鉴别诊断具有重要的意义.     

骨上皮样血管内皮瘤临床病理学观察

目的 探讨骨上皮样血管内皮瘤的临床病理特征和诊断。方法 对3例骨上皮样血管内皮瘤进行临床资料分析、光镜观察和免疫组织化学检测，并结合文献进行讨论。结果 3例病变部位均为下肢。最常见的临床症状是局部疼痛。X线表现为溶骨性骨破坏，1例伴有病理性骨折。组织形态学特征是上皮样瘤细胞形成较原始的小血管腔，呈巢状、索状、不规则形分布于有黏液样变或透明变性的间质中，肿瘤组织内或边缘散布成熟的骨小梁组织。3例肿瘤均表达vimentin、FⅧRAg和CD34。随访结果2例未见肿瘤复发，1例失访。结论 原发于骨的上皮样血管内皮瘤是较少见中间型血管源性肿瘤，其组织形态学要与骨上皮样血管瘤、上皮样血管肉瘤和转移性癌等鉴别。     

肾透明细胞肉瘤的临床病理学研究

目的：探讨肾透明细胞肉瘤的临床病理,免疫组织化学,电镜特点和组织起源及预后,方法：对45例患儿（男31例,女14例,年龄3个月至12岁,平均3．2岁）肿瘤标本,用HE,免疫组织化学（LSAB法）和电镜技术进行观察。结果：45例患儿中,35例随访6－192个月,骨转移15例,,肺,肝等转移6例,8例复发,20例死亡。年龄和临床分期与存活率有关。典型的组织学形态为胞质浅染,核染色质细腻,核仁不清楚的片状瘤树枝状分布的纤维血管间质分隔,此外还可见粘液型,梭形细胞型,栅栏状型,上皮样型,硬化型,富于细胞型,囊肿型和血管扩张型等组织亚型结构,免疫组织化学;45例均表达波形蛋白,上皮膜抗原,细胞角蛋白,结蛋白,肌动蛋白,S－100蛋白,神经元特异性烯醇化酶,CD99,CD34和白细胞共抗原均为阴性,电镜下9例均显示瘤细胞细胞连接很原始,细胞器相对较少。结论：肾透明细胞肉瘤好发于儿童,具特殊的病理形态,可能起源于肾原始间质细胞,易发生骨;转移,死亡率高,为预后差的儿童肾肿瘤。     

子宫血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤临床病理观察

目的研究子宫血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤的病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断和生物学行为。方法对5例子宫血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤进行常规组织学和免疫组织化学（SP法）染色和观察,对患者进行随访,并复习相关文献。结果光镜下5例肿瘤均由透明或嗜酸细胞巢或宽窄不等的细胞索组成,间质有丰富的小血管和程度不等的透明变。免疫组织化学染色示5例瘤细胞均黑色素细胞标记阳性和程度不等的结蛋白和平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA）阳性,CK和CD10阴性。5例患者现均存活。结论子宫血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤具有较特征性的组织病理及免疫组织化学特点,HMB45阳性对诊断有重要作用。该肿瘤分良性、恶性潜能不能确定和恶性三类,应与透明细胞癌和上皮样平滑肌肿瘤区别。     

Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma in the pelvic soft tissues

A case of proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma arising in the pelvic soft tissues of a 46-year-old man is presented. The tumor showed a predominantly epithelioid component with rhabdoid features, cord-like arrangement, small nests, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm containing intracytoplasmic, paranuclear, hyaline-like globules, large vesicular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. There were foci with alveolar arrangement and a spindle-cell proliferation. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin CAM5.2, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD34. Flow cytometry showed a diploid DNA content with high S-phase fraction. The patient had pelvic lymph-node metastases. He died of the disease 5 months after diagnosis. It is important to include proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of pelvic tumors.     

Epithelioid sarcoma of the penis: report of an unusual case and review of the literature

Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare, slowly growing soft tissue tumor that uncommonly involves the penis, with only 11 previously reported cases. We present a case of penile epithelioid sarcoma in a 39-year-old man that mimicked Peyronie's disease, which was diagnosed 13 years following initial presentation. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple peripherally enhancing low signal intensity nodules involving the corpora cavernosa bilaterally. Following penectomy, histologic examination showed the typical features of epithelioid sarcoma, with a prominent pseudogranulomatous pattern. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells demonstrated strong and diffuse staining for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2), vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD34. Stains for S-100 protein, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and CD31 were negative. Electron microscopy demonstrated abundant intracytoplasmic intermediate filaments, scattered tonofilaments, and interdigitating filopodia. The present study is the first to describe magnetic resonance imaging and comprehensive immunohistochemical findings in penile epithelioid sarcoma. The majority of cases reported in the literature have demonstrated features similar to those typically found in epithelioid sarcoma involving the distal extremities. Consideration of epithelioid sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of a penile nodule or obstructive urinary symptoms may lead to early diagnosis and treatment.     

CD31 staining in epithelioid sarcoma

We report an unusual case of epithelioid sarcoma. The tumour occurred in the finger of a 27-year-old female. The clinical history, histology and the electron microscopy of the lesion were typical for epithelioid sarcoma. However, immunohistochemical analysis showed strong membranous CD31 staining, a finding hitherto not described. All other robust vascular markers, including factor-VIII-related antigen (FVIIIrag) were negative. The findings were compared with the available literature data, leading us to conclude that there is insufficient evidence for endothelial derivation of epithelioid sarcoma, but in the differential diagnosis with vascular tumours CD31 may stain and to rule out angiosarcoma FVIIIrag is a useful antibody.     

CD10 is a sensitive and diagnostically useful immunohistochemical marker of normal endometrial stroma and of endometrial stromal neoplasms

AIMS: The CD10 antigen is expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and follicle centre cell lymphoma. A recent study investigating the expression of CD10 in a wide range of non-haematopoietic neoplasms found positive staining in a small number of endometrial stromal sarcomas as well as in normal endometrial stroma. The present study aimed to ascertain whether CD10 positivity is indeed found in normal endometrial stroma and endometrial stromal neoplasms. Staining of a range of tumours which can be confused morphologically with endometrial stromal neoplasms was also undertaken to ascertain whether antibodies against CD10 are of value in a diagnostic sense. METHODS AND RESULTS: Neoplasms included in the study were endometrial stromal nodule (n=1), low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) (n=13), high-grade ESS (n=6), mixed endometrial stromal-smooth muscle tumour (n=1), uterine cellular leiomyoma (n=10), uterine leiomyosarcoma (n=5), adult granulosa cell tumour (AGCT) (n=10), undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (n=6), uterine carcinosarcoma with an endometrial stromal component (n=1) and type II uterine mesenchymal tumour with sex cord-like elements (n=1). Cases of proliferative (n=5), secretory (n=5) and atrophic (n=3) endometrium were also stained. There was positive staining of stroma but not of glands in all cases of non-tumorous endometrium. There was positive staining of the endometrial stromal nodule and of all low-grade ESS. Staining in these varied but was often diffuse and of moderate to strong intensity. There was positive staining of four of six high-grade ESS, but this was usually focal. There was also positive staining of the endometrial stromal component in the mixed endometrial stromal-smooth muscle tumour and in the uterine carcinosarcoma. Most cellular leiomyomas were completely negative although three exhibited weak positivity. There was some positivity, usually focal or weak, of three of five leiomyosarcomas. Most AGCT and undifferentiated carcinomas were completely negative although one case of each exhibited focal staining. There was focal staining of the type II uterine mesenchymal tumour with sex cord-like elements. CONCLUSION: CD10 is a reliable and sensitive immunohistochemical marker of normal endometrial stroma. Positivity, which is often strong and/or diffuse is found in endometrial stromal nodules and low-grade ESS. Positive staining with CD10, when strong and diffuse, may be useful in distinguishing these tumours from histological mimics, especially cellular leiomyoma and AGCT which are generally negative. In this situation, CD10 should be used as part of a panel which might include desmin and alpha-inhibin depending on the differential diagnosis considered. Positive staining with CD10 in a high-grade uterine sarcoma which is negative with muscle markers might indicate endometrial stromal differentiation and identify a group of neoplasms which it is correct to diagnose as high-grade ESS rather than undifferentiated uterine sarcoma.     

29例上皮样胃肠间质瘤的临床病理特征

目的:探讨29例上皮样胃肠间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)的组织学形态和免疫组织化学特点以及诊断和鉴别诊断,对临床正确诊断治疗和判断预后具有十分重要的临床意义.方法:回顾性分析安阳市肿瘤医院病理科2009年月3月至2016年8月321例完整切除GIST标本,经筛查并重新阅片诊断上皮样GIST 29例.结果:29例上皮样GIST,发生胃部15例,小肠2例,肠系膜3例,直肠4例,腹腔3例,腹膜后1例,盆腔1例.恶性GIST 25例,良性4例.瘤细胞丰富,胞质嗜酸或透明,部分瘤细胞核质比高,核大小不等具有多形性,核分裂较多,可伴有多灶凝固性坏死,间质多数伴有黏液样变性.组织结构形成器官样、片状、巢状及腺泡状等.免疫组织化学CD34,DOG-1在上皮样GIST均弥漫阳性(阳性率100%),CD117阳性率(86%).结论:上皮样GIST发生部位广泛,形态多变,易误诊其他上皮样分化的肿瘤;免疫组织化学CD34,DOG-1,CD117在上皮样GIST诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要价值;如肿物较大、细胞丰富、核分裂多、间质黏液样变性;绝大多数要考虑恶性GIST.     

Histiocytic sarcoma - a case with evenly distributed multinucleated giant cells

Histiocytic sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm of mature histiocytes with a poor clinical outcome. We report a case of a true histiocytic sarcoma with prominent and evenly distributed multinucleated giant cells that mimics a giant cell tumor of soft tissue. The tumor was located between the appendix, right ovary, and the terminal ileum with severe adhesion. The liver and spleen were not enlarged. Grossly, the tumor appeared grayish white, solid, and soft. Microscopically, polygonal mononuclear tumor cells aggregated to form somewhat epithelioid nests, which occasionally showed coagulative necrosis. Prominent and evenly scattered giant cells were present in all sections. In addition, tumor cell infiltration was noted in regional lymph nodes. The tumor cells were positive for lysozyme, CD68, CD163, and negative for T- and B-cell lineage markers, follicular dendritic cell, megakaryocytic, epithelial, muscular, and melanocytic markers, CD1a and CD30. This case posed great difficulty in clinical and pathological diagnoses. Gross pictures, microscopic findings, and extensive immunostains are important for the differential diagnosis.