舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉用于急诊剖宫产效果观察

目的:探讨不同剂量舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉用于急诊剖宫产术效果与不良反应。方法:120例产妇随机分为A、B、C组,每组40例,均行硬膜外麻醉。A组予舒芬太尼10μg(1 ml)+0.5%罗哌卡因15 ml,B组予舒芬太尼15μg 1 ml+0.5%罗哌卡因15 ml,C组给予0.9%氯化钠注射液1 ml+0.5%罗哌卡因15 ml。观察术中胎儿娩出后Apgar评分,起效、无痛平面、镇痛持续时间,改良Bromage评分,视觉模拟评分(VAS)及不良反应。结果:与C组比较,A、B组起效时间、无痛平面时间、感觉阻滞达最高平面时间均缩短(P<0.01),镇痛持续时间均延长(P<0.01)。3组在切皮时VAS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3组在探查、取胎时的VAS和寒颤发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),3组患者术中低血压、心动过缓、恶心、呕吐和瘙痒的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);胎儿娩出后Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在硬膜外麻醉行剖宫产术时使用罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼可增强麻醉效果,15μg舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉可减轻探查取胎时内脏牵拉不适症状,减少术中寒颤的发生率。     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于下肢手术术后镇痛的观察

目的 研究不同剂量舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于下肢手术病人的术后镇痛效果.方法 选择择期在硬腰联合麻醉下下肢手术病人100例,术后随机分为4组,每组25例均行硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA).A组:250 mg 罗哌卡因;B组:250 mg 罗哌卡因+50 μg 舒芬太尼;C组:250 mg 罗哌卡因+75 μg 舒芬太尼;D组:250 mg 罗哌卡因+100 μg 舒芬太尼.每组均加入托烷司琼4 mg 且用生理盐水稀释至100 ml.记录4组患者术后8、24、36、48 h 各时相点的疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分和镇痛泵按压次数,观察并发症(恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、呼吸抑制)的发生情况.结果 A组、B组术后8、24、36、48 h 的VAS评分显著高于C组和D组(P<0.01),但其中A组VAS评分又显著高于B组(P<0.05);D组恶心、呕吐、嗜睡等不良反应明显高于A组、B组、C组.而A组、B组、C组的不良反应呈逐渐增加的趋势,但每两组之间无统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 硬膜外腔较好术后的镇痛且不良反应较少的混合液为:250 mg 罗哌卡因+75 μg 舒芬太尼.     

舒芬太尼与罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉应用于开胸手术中的临床观察

目的:探究舒芬太尼与罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉在开胸术中的应用效果。方法:采用随机数字表法,将105例择期行开胸术的患者分为舒芬太尼组、罗哌卡因组及对照组,每组35例。对照组患者给予全身麻醉处理,舒芬太尼组及罗哌卡因组在全麻术前分别给予舒芬太尼、罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞。于麻醉前(T_0)、气管插管即刻(T_1)、切皮即刻(T_2)、术毕(T_3)、术后6 h(T_4)记录患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)指标,统计术中全麻药物使用量、苏醒时间、拔除气管导管时间、术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)及并发症发生情况。结果:对照组T_1～T_3时间点,MAP、HR水平显著高于舒芬太尼组及罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);罗哌卡因组T_2～T_3时间点MAP水平显著高于舒芬太尼组(P<0.05),T3时间点HR水平显著高于舒芬太尼组(P<0.05);舒芬太尼组及罗哌卡因组患者七氟醚、丙泊酚及舒芬太尼等全麻药物使用量均少于对照组(P<0.05),苏醒时间、气管拔除时间、术后(2、6、12 h)的VAS评分及嗜睡、头晕、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);舒芬太尼组苏醒时间、气管拔除时间及术后2、6 h时VAS评分低于罗哌卡因组(P<0.05)。结论:与全身麻醉相比,硬膜外复合全身麻醉对维持术中血液动力学稳定、降低全麻药物使用、提高术后镇痛效果及降低不良反应发生等具有一定优势,其中舒芬太尼应用效果更好。     

硬膜外舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因分娩镇痛的疗效

目的探讨硬膜外舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因分娩镇痛的临床效果。方法 136例接受分娩的顺产产妇随机分为A组和B组。两组均给予硬膜外舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因分娩镇痛。A组给予0.125%罗哌卡因联合0.5μg/mL舒芬太尼;B组给予0.15%罗哌卡因联合0.5μg/mL舒芬太尼。结果两组产妇均成功分娩,母子平安。两组镇痛前、镇痛后5min和镇痛后10min的VAS评分均无显著性差异(P>0.05),镇痛后30min和镇痛后60min,B组VAS评分显著低于A组(P<0.05),两组运动阻滞评分无显著性差异(P>0.05),但B组镇痛起效时间和术中追加罗哌卡因剂量均显著少于A组(P<0.05)。B组副反应率稍高于A组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 0.15%的罗哌卡因联合0.5μg/mL的舒芬太尼进行硬膜外镇痛,具有更快的起效时间、更高的有效性,而且安全性基本可以保证,值得临床应用。     

两种不同浓度舒芬太尼配伍罗哌卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛的效果比较

目的 探讨两种不同浓度的舒芬太尼配伍0.10％罗哌卡因对硬膜外分娩镇痛效果的影响.方法 选择年龄18～40岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)麻醉风险分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的足月自然分娩的孕妇,入选患者均接受硬膜外分娩镇痛方案,采用随机双盲的方法,分为低浓度舒芬太尼组(A组,0.25 μg/ml舒芬太尼+0.10％罗哌卡因)和高浓度舒芬太尼组(B组,0.50 μg/ml舒芬太尼+0.10％罗哌卡因).观察单次给药后最高镇痛平面、运动阻滞程度、无痛分娩期间不同时点的视觉模拟评分(VAS),产程时间;新生儿出生后1、5、10 min时Apgar评分及瘙痒、恶心、呕吐等不良反应,最后记录麻醉药物使用总量.结果 共纳入120例患者,每组60例.2组患者在单次给药后的最高镇痛平面及各时点的VAS评分,新生儿出生后1、5、10分钟时Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),2组患者无瘙痒、呕吐并发症,2组患者运动阻滞程度、不良反应、无痛分娩满意度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但A组患者的第一产程和第三产程时间明显短于B组患者(P＜0.05),A组舒芬太尼总量明显低于B组(P＜0.05).结论 0.25 μg/ml舒芬太尼+0.10％罗哌卡因可提供满意的硬膜外痛分娩镇痛效果,运动阻滞少,程度轻,安全,不良反应偶发,第一产程明显缩短.     

舒芬太尼用于前列腺摘除术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床观察

目的观察舒莽太尼复合甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于硬膜外前列腺摘除术后自控镇痛的效果。方法选择80倒硬膜外麻醉下行前列腺摘除手术的病人,随机分2组,A组舒芬太尼复合甲磺酸罗哌卡因,B组吗啡复合甲磺酸罗哌卡因,采用视觉模拟评分（vAs）测定术后自控镇痛的效果,同时观察不良反应,并发症。结果VAS评分、不良反应,PCEA泵按压次数,舒芬太尼组均低于吗啡组。结论舒芬太尼用于硬膜外前列腺摘除术后自控镇痛较吗啡镇痛作用强,且副作用少。     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉在剖宫产术中的临床应用

目的:观察舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因应用于剖宫产术硬膜外麻醉的效果。方法:将60例行剖宫产术的患者随机分为两组:A组(舒芬太尼10μg/ml加1%罗哌卡因10 ml)、B组(舒芬太尼20μg/ml加1%罗哌卡因10 ml),每组均为30例。进行硬膜外麻醉,观察麻醉的起效时间、感觉阻滞达最高平面时间、镇痛持续时间及麻醉效果优良率。结果:A组起效时间及感觉阻滞达最高平面时间较B组缩短,镇痛持续时间明显延长,与B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),麻醉效果两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:10μg/ml舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因可以增强硬膜外麻醉效果。     

左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因分别复合舒芬太尼应用于食道癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛的比较

目的 比较左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因分别复合舒芬太尼应用于食道癌开胸术后硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)的临床效果.方法 硬膜外麻醉复合全身麻醉行食道癌开胸术、美国麻醉医师学会(American society of anesthesiologists,ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的60例患者,随机分为左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼(LF)组和罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼(RF)组,每组30例.手术结束前10 min经硬膜外腔注入负荷剂量,记录启用镇痛泵后1h、4h、8h、24 h、48 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、改良Bromage分级、按压次数、24 h药量并记录术后不良反应.结果 各时段的VAS评分两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);改良Bromage分级RF组低于LF组(P＜0.05),两组副反应发生率比较RF组略高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因分别复合舒芬太尼用于术后硬膜外自控镇痛均可取得满意的镇痛效果.罗哌卡因组对运动神经的阻滞较轻于左旋布比卡因组,术后恶心呕吐略高于左旋布比卡因组.     

椎间孔镜手术硬膜外麻醉和局部麻醉的效果对比

目的比较经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术硬膜外麻醉与局部麻醉的应用效果。方法择期拟行椎间孔镜微创手术患者40例,分为两组:硬膜外组(E组)和局麻组(L组),每组20例。E组选L_2-L_3间隙以0.25%罗哌卡因行连续硬膜外麻醉。L组直接侧卧位定位以0.5%利多卡因行局部麻醉。术中以视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估镇痛效果,以Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价术前及术后1个月临床疗效,并记录术后并发症的发生情况。结果在刺激脊神经根钳取髓核时,E组镇痛效果良好,VAS评分更低(P0.05);两组术后ODI评分均较术前明显减低(P0.05),但两组间术前及术后ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后均无神经根损伤并发症。结论经皮椎间孔镜手术硬膜外麻醉不影响临床疗效,镇痛效果优于局部麻醉。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼对罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞效应的影响

目的：观察不同剂量舒芬太尼对罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞效应的影响。方法：选择240例拟行下腹部、盆腔手术患者ASAI-II级,均采用硬膜外麻醉,随机分为0．894％罗哌卡因组（A组。n=80）,0．894％罗哌卡因＋10μg舒芬太尼组（B组,n=80）,0．75％罗哌卡因＋25μg舒芬太尼组（c组,n=80）,并进行感觉阻滞评定,Bromage评分（modified bromagescore,MBS）及镇静程度警觉／镇静评分（OAA／S评分）。结果：与单纯罗哌卡因组相比,复合舒芬太尼的罗哌卡因组,在麻醉后,感觉阻滞的起效时间及达到最高平面的时间均缩短,麻醉维持时间延长,最高平面升高,明显改善术中麻醉效果,提高患者在手术麻醉过程中的舒适性。结论：罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼可增强手术患者硬膜外阻滞的麻醉效应,且无明显的副作用,从而为临床上舒芬太尼和罗哌卡因复合应用奠定基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.