白细胞介素-1及白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂与经皮腔内血管成形术后再狭窄的关系

炎性反应是经皮腔内血管成形术后再狭窄的主要发病机制之一。炎性反应通过刺激内膜增生在支架置入术后再狭窄的过程中发挥重要作用。支架置入术后局部和系统炎性反应的强度和持续时间直接与患者的预后有关。白细胞介素（IL）-1在其发病过程中发挥了重要作用,而作为IL-1特异性的天然拮抗物IL-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1Ra）也越来越受到广泛的重视。本文就IL-1和IL-1Ra与再狭窄的关系作一综述。     

全反式维甲酸防治经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄的研究进展

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)是目前治疗冠心病的有效措施之一 ,但术后 3 0～ 5 0 %病变血管再狭窄发生率 ,已严重地影响了 PTCA术后的远期疗效 ,临床上目前尚无有效预防 PTCA术后再狭窄发生的药物。全反式维甲酸 (ATRA)是一种具有广泛生物学效应维生素 A类衍生物 ,可明显抑制细胞增殖 ,近年来一些研究表明 ,该药在防治 PTCA术后再狭窄发生方面具有多种抑制作用 ,本文就此方面的研究进展作一综述     

Physiological aspects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Summary Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) can serve as a model for controlled coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, which enable the dynamic physiological alterations related to PTCA to be assessed. In this review, physiologically related changes pertinent to PTCA in human subjects will be discussed.     

缺血预适应在经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术中的应用

对２６例冠心病患者随机分为预适应组（１４例）和对照组（１２例），分别观察经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）中心绞痛及心电图变化和术后心绞痛及运动心电图。结果显示：预适应组术中心绞痛积分和ＳＴ段抬高幅度均显著低于对照组（均Ｐ＜０．０５），心绞痛及ＳＴ段抬高出现时间均显著迟于对照组（均Ｐ＜０．０５）。术后随访６个月，预适应组心绞痛及运动心电图阳性例数显著低于对照组（均Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明缺血预适应不但可以减轻ＰＴＣＡ中心肌缺血的程度，而且也能降低术后心肌缺血的复发。     

Self-management of coronary heart disease in older patients after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Objective To explore how older patients self-manage their coronary heart disease (CHD) after undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods This mixed methods study used a sequential, explanatory design and recruited a convenience sample of patients (n = 93) approximately three months after elective PTCA. The study was conducted in two phases. Quantitative data collected in Phase 1 by means of a self-administered survey were subject to univariate and bivariate analysis. Phase 1 findings informed the purposive sampling for Phase 2 where ten participants were selected from the original sample for an in-depth interview. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. This paper will primarily report the findings from a sub-group of older participants (n = 47) classified as 65 years of age or older. Results 78.7% (n = 37) of participants indicated that they would manage recurring angina symptoms by taking glyceryl trinitrate and 34% (n = 16) thought that resting would help. Regardless of the duration or severity of the symptoms 40.5% (n = 19) would call their general practitioner or an emergency ambulance for assistance during any recurrence of angina symptoms. Older participants weighed less (P = 0.02) and smoked less (P = 0.01) than their younger counterparts in the study. Age did not seem to affect PTCA patients’ likelihood of altering dietary factors such as fruit, vegetable and saturated fat consumption (P = 0.237). Conclusions The findings suggest that older people in the study were less likely to know how to correctly manage any recurring angina symptoms than their younger counterparts but they had fewer risk factors for CHD. Age was not a factor that influenced participants’ likelihood to alter lifestyle factors.     

Experience of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients

We evaluated the role of percutaneous transluminal coronaryangioplasty (PTCA) in a series of orthotopic cardiac transplantrecipients with severe epicardial coronary occlusive disease.Ten ortho topic cardiac transplant patients treated by PTCAup to March 1990 were reviewed. All had significant epicardialcoronary artery lesions (>70% stenosis compared with theadjacent healthy artery) and exercise electrocardiogram or isotopeperfusion evidence of myocardial ischaemia in the relevant region.Primary angiographic PTCA success was achieved in 12 of the16 lesions attempted (75%). Mean stenosis improvement was from80% of adjacent healthy artery (range 70–90%) to 12% (range0–20%). Median angiographic follow-up of 9 months (2–25months) is available for all patients. The mean recurrence rateis 33% (4 of 12 successfully treated lesions) defined as >50%reduction in the original gain at the PTCA. We have shown thatPTCA is technically possible in a series of cardiac transplantrecipients. The primary success and recurrence rates are comparableto the use of PTCA in conventional atherosclerotic coronarydisease.     

Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity predicts the risk of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

This study was done to evaluate whether anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity can be a predictor of restenosis after coronary intervention. Recent studies indicate that latent infection with C. pneumoniae is associated with and could possibly cause atherosclerosis. However, it is unknown whether chronic infection with this microorganism is involved in the mechanism of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. We prospectively studied 78 consecutive patients (90 target lesions) with symptomatic coronary artery disease who underwent successful coronary intervention to a de novo lesion (conventional balloon angioplasty to 31 lesions and stent implantation to 59 lesions). At angioplasty, blood samples were collected to measure the serum level of anti-C. pneumoniae IgG to examine whether seropositive patients were prone to restenosis and whether the seropositivity could predict the risk of restenosis determined by follow-up coronary angiography performed within 6 months after the angioplasty. Restenosis, defined as more than 50% stenosis with an increase of 15% or more in the degree of stenosis from that measured on cineangiograms after angioplasty, developed in 36 of 62 seropositive patients and in 4 of 16 seronegative patients (58% vs 25%, P = 0.025). Lesions in the seropositive patients had a greater mean loss index (mean ± SD 0.75 ± 0.45 vs 0.35 ± 0.41, P < 0.001), which was defined as late loss (luminal diameter reduction at follow-up angiography) divided by acute gain (luminal diameter gain by angioplasty), in late loss (1.07 ± 0.64 mm vs 0.65 ± 0.79 mm, P = 0.019), in percentage of diameter stenosis (57% ± 20% vs 41% ± 21%, P = 0.003) and a lesser mean in minimal luminal diameter (1.18 ± 0.58 mm vs 1.67 ± 0.63 mm, P = 0.002) at follow-up angiography. In a multivariate logistic regression model, anti-C. pneumoniae IgG seropositivity was a strong independent predictor of restenosis compared to the other risk factors (odds ratio = 6.2, P = 0.01). C. pneumoniae could play an important role in the mechanism of restenosis and evaluation of the IgG seropositivity, and may help to identify patients at high risk for restenosis. Received: June 13, 2001 / Accepted: December 7, 2001     

动静脉内瘘对血液透析患者心脏功能的影响

目的探讨动静脉内瘘对血液透析患者心脏功能的影响。方法对中国医科大学附属第二医院肾内科2004—2005年收治的55例尿毒症血液透析患者于动静脉内瘘术(AVF)前后进行心脏彩色超声心动图检测,对比分析左心房内径(LAD)、左心室内径(LVD)、左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左心室每搏输出量(SV)、左心室射血分数(EF)及右心室内径(RVD)指标的变化。结果AVF术后LAD、RVD、LVD、LV-EDV均有不同程度的增大,而EF水平下降,P<0·05有统计学意义;SV有所增加,P>0·05无统计学意义。结论AVF可以造成血液透析患者左心房、心室腔的扩大,左心室的收缩功能下降。     

心绞痛患者QT离散度与经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术的关系

目的 :探讨经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 ( PTCA)对心绞痛患者 QT及 JT离散度 ( QTd及 JTd)的作用。方法 :测定 5 0例心绞痛患者 (心绞痛组 ) PTCA术前和术后的 QTd及 JTd,并以 5 0例正常冠状动脉者作对照 (对照组 )。结果 :1心绞痛组于 PTCA后 QTd及 JTd显著减小 ( P <0 .0 1) ,而对照组于冠状动脉造影术后 QTd及JTd与术前比较 ,无明显改变。 2与对照组比较 ,心绞痛组 PTCA前 QTd及 JTd明显增大 ( P <0 .0 1)。术后心绞痛组 QTd及 JTd值虽高于对照组 ,但无统计学意义 ( P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :PTCA能使 QTd及 JTd减小     

急性心肌梗塞急诊PTCA后ST段改变及其临床意义

目的　对９５ 例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后３０ 分钟体表心电图ＳＴ 段改变进行分析,探讨此时ＳＴ 段改变与ＰＴＣＡ 效果、心肌损害程度及心功能预后的关系。方法　根据ＳＴ 段改变分三组。组Ⅰ：ＳＴ 段明显下降（≥５０％ ）组５５ 例,组Ⅱ：ＳＴ 段下降（＜ ５０％ ）组３２ 例,组Ⅲ：ＳＴ 段无变化或抬高者组８ 例。测定术后肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）的变化,同时测定术前及术后心功能。结果　组Ⅰ与组Ⅱ为ＰＴＣＡ 成功者,术后组ⅡＣＫ 明显高于组Ⅰ。术后４～６ 周组Ⅱ射血分数（ＥＦ％ ）明显低于组Ⅰ。结论　急性心肌梗塞患者ＰＴＣＡ 术后３０ 分钟体表心电图ＳＴ 段的改变能间接反映ＰＴ－ＣＡ 疗效。较准确早期了解心肌细胞灌注情况并判定预后     

经皮腔内肺动脉成形术治疗慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的有效性及安全性评估

目的评估经皮腔内肺动脉成形术(PTPA)治疗慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)患者的有效性和安全性。方法该研究为前瞻性单臂试验。纳入2017年1月至2019年6月武汉亚洲心脏病医院心外科确诊的CTEPH患者。以明确诊断CTEPH的时间为基线, 收集入选患者的基线临床资料, 包括年龄、性别、世界卫生组织(WHO)功能分级、6 min步行距离、N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)水平以及右心导管测定的血流动力学指标等。患者分次行PTPA, 统计每位患者扩张血管数, 术后24周随访并复查右心导管。记录手术安全性指标, 包括全因死亡、围术期并发症、再灌注肺水肿等。结果共入选患者19例, 年龄(56.3±12.5)岁, 男性7例。入选患者分别进行了1～7次PTPA, 总计56次, 累计扩张肺动脉260支, 每次扩张血管(5.14±2.36)支。共13例患者测定了6 min步行距离, 为(307±130)m。入选患者PTPA术后均自述体力明显改善, 尤其以第一次手术后为著。PTPA术后24周, 入选患者平均肺动脉压由基线的(40.11±7.55)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)...     

急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗塞的临床观察

目的：观察急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗塞（AMI）的安全性及有效性。方法：对42例AMI患者在发病0．5～12小时内行直接PTCA术，必要时联合临时心脏起搏技术及主动脉气囊反搏术，梗死相关血管（IRA）43支，TIMI血流0级：30例（71．4％），Ⅰ级：9例（21．4％），Ⅱ级：3例（7．2％）。结果：43支IRA中39支获得再通（90．9％），均达TIMI Ⅲ级血流，再通血管残余狭窄〈20％，5例合并左心功能不全（killip分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级）及3例合并心源性休克患者，术后症状明显改善，1例死亡（2．5％）。术后6例（15％）直接PTCA成功患者心绞痛再发，再次PTCA后血管再通。结论：直接PTCA治疗AMI成功率高，病死率低，近期预后良好，是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Safety and efficacy of percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty in elderly patients

Background

Percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty (PTPA) is a recently developed catheter-based therapy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of PTPA in elderly patients with CTEPH.

Methods

In all, 257 PTPA sessions in 70 patients (median age 63 years) were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: (i) a younger group (< 65 years; n = 39); and (ii) an elderly group (≥ 65 years; n = 31).

Results

Hemodynamic improvements were comparable between the younger and elderly groups (63.1% vs. 68.2% decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance, respectively; P > 0.05). The median length of stay in the intensive care unit after each session (1.0 vs. 1.0 days) and in hospital per session (9.2 vs. 9.4 days) was similar between the two groups (P > 0.05 for all). The prevalence of reperfusion pulmonary edema (23.4% vs. 26.3% across all sessions) and other complications, such as contrast dye-induced nephropathy (0% vs. 2.0%), infection (0% vs. 0%), and neurological complications (0% vs. 1.0%), was comparable in the younger vs. elderly groups (P > 0.05 for all). One-year all-cause mortality was similar in the younger and elderly groups (0% vs. 3.2%, respectively; P > 0.05).

Conclusions

PTPA can be performed safely and effectively, even in elderly patients, and could be considered as an alternative therapeutic strategy for elderly patients who are too fragile for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) or who are treated in institutions without highly experienced PEA surgeons.     

Influence of continued smoking and some biological risk factors on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Objectives. To identify possible biological risk factors for restenosis following successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients having single or multivessel disease. The effect of continued smoking on restenosis was also evaluated.
Design. In this prospective smoking controlled study all subjects had a routine angiographic restudy after 6 months. The biological risk factors assessed before angioplasty were adrenaline, endothelin, fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a) and tissue plasminogen activator.
Subjects. The study population consisted of 122 patients of whom 25% were current smokers.
Main outcome measures. Angiographic restenosis was defined as at least 50% diameter stenosis on the follow-up angiogram after an initially successful procedure.
Results. Restenosis was observed in 43% of patients. The restenosis rate was significantly lower among current smokers, but they were significantly younger and also had significantly less dilated stenoses. Multivariate analysis revealed the number of dilated stenoses, the mean inflation time, post-PTCA percentage diameter stenosis and left anterior descending coronary artery to be predictive of restenosis, while continued smoking was not. When only the lesion with the greatest loss in luminal diameter of each patient was considered, the multiple linear regression analysis revealed high endothelin level to be predictive of restenosis.
Conclusions. This study revealed high endothelin levels to be predictive of luminal narrowing after angioplasty. In addition, the number of dilated stenoses, the mean inflation time, post-PTCA percentage diameter stenosis and stenosis location in the left anterior descending artery were found to be predictive of restenosis. However, continued smoking after angioplasty did not emerge as a risk factor for restenosis.     

药物治疗预防下肢动脉支架成形术后再狭窄的临床观察

目的:观察抗血小板药物在下肢动脉支架成形术后预防再狭窄的效果。方法:收集2008年1月至2010年12月,下肢动脉血管内支架治疗的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)患者74例,随机分为治疗组(36例),每日口服盐酸沙格雷脂+拜阿司匹林;对照组(38例)每日皮下注射低分子肝素1 w,并从术后第3天起口服华法令。观察术后6个月、12个月及18个月支架内闭塞、再狭窄以及临床出血。结果:两组患者基本特征比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组和对照组:18个月的再闭塞分别是1例和2例,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);支架内再狭窄分别是1例和8例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);出血并发症分别是1例和4例,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:盐酸沙格雷脂联合阿司匹林,可以预防下肢动脉支架成形术后的再狭窄,安全有效。     

Augmented vasodilator response to L-arginine after coronary angioplasty may attenuate restenosis

 Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the control of vascular tone as well as structure. This study examined the possibility that the extent of restenosis 3 months after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) might be correlated with the magnitude of NO production at the PTCA sites on the day following PTCA. In 23 consecutive patients who underwent PTCA, we examined the coronary artery diameter response to intracoronary administration of l-arginine (1 μg/kg) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN, 40 μg/kg) at the sites of PTCA (n= 25) and at untreated sites distal to the PTCA sites approximately 18 h after PTCA. The coronary artery diameter at the PTCA site was determined 3 months after PTCA in all patients. Normalized vasodilator responses to l-arginine (responses to l-arginine ÷ those to ISDN) were greater at the PTCA sites than at the untreated sites (P= 0.05), whereas vasodilator responses to ISDN did not differ between the PTCA and untreated sites. These results suggest a greater production of NO at the PTCA sites despite presumable loss of the endothelium due to the PTCA. Furthermore, the magnitude of normalized vasodilator responses to l-arginine examined at 18 h after PTCA correlated with the coronary artery diameter 3 months after PTCA (r= 0.592, P= 0.002). These results suggest that augmented NO production after PTCA may protect against the development of coronary restenosis. Treatment that enhances local NO production may be clinically useful in preventing restenosis after PTCA. Received: December 24, 1999 / Accepted: February 16, 2002     

冠状动脉旋磨术及经皮冠状动脉成形术在复杂病变介入治疗中的应用

目的　探讨冠状动脉旋磨术 (Rotational atherectomy)及经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (Percutaneous translum i-nal coronary angioplasty PTCA)治疗复杂冠脉病变的临床效果。方法　对 15例患者的 2 0处病变行冠脉旋磨术及经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)治疗 ,部分病例并在血管内超声指导下进行 ,观察其治疗的即刻成功率及并发症率。结果　 15例施行冠状动脉旋磨术的患者 ,旋磨头均成功地通过了病变 ,平均狭窄程度由 88.30 %± 7.5 4 %降至15 .6 0 %± 10 .75 %。其中 6 0 .0 0 %的病例选择了 1.5 mm的旋磨头 ,13.33%的病例使用了 2个旋磨头。全部病例均联合应用了 PTCA,13例在行旋磨术后置入冠脉内支架 (余下 2例为支架内再狭窄病例 )。 1例患者术中发生较严重的冠状动脉痉挛 ,经冠状动脉内给予硝酸甘油后缓解 ;2处 (10 .0 0 % )病变出现了 B型以上的内膜撕裂 ,出现缓慢血流现象发生率为 3.8%。无急诊冠状动脉搭桥及死亡病例。结论　冠状动脉旋磨术及 PTCA可选择性用于复杂冠状动脉病变 ,尤其是严重钙化病变 ,小血管长节段病变     

冠心病冠状动脉介入治疗前后QT离散度的比较

目的　探讨成功的冠状动脉介入手术 (PTCA及冠状动脉内支架置入术 )对冠心病患者QT离散度 (QTd)的影响。方法　考察 2 5 2例冠心病患者成功进行介入手术前后十二导联同步心电图的结果 ,计算QTd和校正的QT离散度 (QTcd)并进行对比分析。结果　 2 5 2例冠心病患者经PTCA或加支架植入术共处理的病变有 383处 ,除 2 8例外 ,术后QTd缩短明显 ;介入手术前后QTd及QTcd比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血流灌注术后均达到TIMIⅢ级与Ⅱ级 ,两组术前QTcd比较以及术后下降幅度无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;单支与多支病变术前QTcd无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,术后下降幅度则有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　冠心病经成功的介入治疗后QT离散度明显减小 ,QT离散度可作为介入手术后心肌再灌注成功的一个参考指标。     

急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉成形术治疗的近期疗效

目的：观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）经皮冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）及原发性冠状动脉内支架植入术的近期疗效。方法：204例AMI患发病0．5－26h内行急诊冠状动脉造影（CAG）,证实冠状动脉闭塞,仅对梗死相关血管直径行TPCA及原发性冠状动脉内支架植入,。结果：全组204例患再通197例,成功率96％,发病至血管再通的时间1－27h,平均5．6h,PTCA失败7例,其中心包填塞2例,钢丝不能通过2 ,术中死亡2例（均发生在伴有心源性休克的前壁心肌梗死患）,率为0．9％,5周内死亡2例（经PTCA及支架植入术后心功能未明显改善,死亡心功能不全）,2－6个月死亡6例（因再发心肌梗死而死亡,总死亡率4．9％。结论：AMI后早期（6h内）成功的再灌注可挽求涉死的心肌,缩小梗死面积和明显降低死亡率,即使 在较晚时间（＞12h),病人仍有胸痛及ST段抬高,使梗死的血管再通仍可达到治疗的目的。早期充分的再灌注可明显改善患的预后,急诊TPCA治疗,可命名开通闭塞血管的届时时间提前,PTCA后残余狭窄甚微,再灌注血流充分,极少发生恢复期心肌缺务及心功能不全,在条件的大型A,TPTCA治疗AMI的最佳方法。