经动脉入路Onyx胶栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者的护理

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(cervemous ainas dural arteriovenous fistula,CSDAVF)是发生在海绵窦及其附近硬脑膜间的异常血管交通.占颅内DAVF的30％左右.CSDAVF的临床表现为头痛、眼球突出、球结膜充血和水肿、颅内杂音及神经功能障碍等[1].由于该疾病发病机制尚不完全明了,目前采用介入治疗方法多样,包括静脉入路、动脉入路和动静脉结合入路的栓塞[2].近年来,随着Onyx等液体栓塞材料的应用,使经动脉入路治愈CSDAVF成为可能.治疗的关键在于采用Onyx栓塞材料填塞海绵窦处的瘘口,以彻底消除病变,治愈率可达90％以上[3].我院2006年5月至2010年5月收治经DSA证实的CSDAVF32例,其中10例行动脉栓塞治疗,效果满意,现报道如下.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生血管造影及动脉栓塞治疗探讨

目的:探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)选择性动脉造影表现及栓塞治疗的治疗效果.方法:对12例肝脏局灶性结节增生经股动脉穿刺插管,行肝动脉造影,其中5例行栓塞治疗,3例使用弹簧圈行供血动脉栓塞术,2例行碘化油加平阳霉素乳剂栓塞.结果:12例超选择动脉造影和5例栓塞取得成功,FNH血管造影表现:12例有粗大的供血动脉,肿瘤内小血管从中央向外周呈放射状分布,9例病灶由多支动脉供血,7例可见粗大的静脉引流血管.5例栓塞患者中,4例患者症状消失,1例患者症状缓解.随访10个月～6年,病灶均未见增大,均无并发症发生.结论:动脉造影对肝脏局灶性结节增生有特异的血管表现,动脉栓塞治疗肝脏局灶性结节增生是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

应用脾动脉栓塞治疗脾功能亢进病人的护理

脾功能亢进的传统治疗是手术切除脾脏。近年来 ,随着脾脏功能研究的深入 ,脾动脉栓塞取代了外科手术切脾。我院 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年行脾动脉栓塞患者 1 0例 ,效果满意。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料本组 1 0例 ,男 8例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 3 4～ 48岁 ,平均 3 8岁。1 2　方法局麻后经右股动脉途径穿刺插管 ,然后行脾动脉造影 ,将明胶海绵颗粒注入到脾动脉血管内形成栓塞。2　结果本组 1 0例行脾动脉一次性栓塞 ,病人住院 1 0～1 4天痊愈。肝功能检查明显好转 ,但脾脏略增大 ,这是因为脾动脉栓塞后 ,部分脾脏坏死液化所致。出院经随访 ,病人无异…     

经静脉途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘--附22例报告

目的:探讨经静脉途径栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效.方法:对22例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者行经静脉途径栓塞治疗,通过脑血管造影及临床随访来评价临床疗效.结果:术后即刻造影示瘘口完全闭塞12例,瘘口处血流速度明显减慢10例.9例患者术后第2日出现眼球水肿一过性加重,经脱水等治疗后症状缓解.随访3个月～2年,临床症状消失14例,症状明显缓解8例.结论:经静脉途径栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘对部分患者是一种有效的治疗方法.     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘血管内栓塞治疗临床研究——附113例报告

目的：探讨经动脉和经静脉栓塞途径治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘（dural arterioven onus fistula,DAVF）的疗效。方法：根据全脑数字减影血管造影（digital substraction angiography,DSA）结果分别选用动脉或静脉栓塞治疗。对瘘13分散的80例病人行经动脉途径栓塞治疗,栓塞材料主要为NBCA胶,部分病人采用聚乙烯醇颗粒。对瘘口集中的33例病人行经静脉途径栓塞治疗,栓塞材料为电解可解脱弹簧圈。所有病人栓塞术后即刻行DSA了解瘘口封闭情况。结果：经动脉途径栓塞的80例中共进行栓塞治疗108例次,瘘口封闭、血流明显减少、血流无明显减少分别为61个、46个、1个;经静脉途径栓塞的33例中共栓塞33例次,瘘口封闭、血流明显减少分别为19个、14个。结论：经动脉途径和经静脉途径栓塞DAVF效果均可。经动脉途径适合于瘘口位置分散的病人,经静脉途径适合于瘘口位置集中的病人。     

经皮支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血36例临床护理

目的:探讨支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血患者的治疗效果及护理方法.方法:回顾性分析36例支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血患者治疗效果及护理措施.结果:36例中经皮支气管动脉栓塞治疗及护理后,27例1次栓塞后止血;9例2次栓塞后止血,其中5例行支气管动脉和超选择行胸廓内动脉栓塞止血,1例在第2次栓塞后1周因再次大咯血而死亡.结论:经皮支气管动脉栓塞对肺结核大咯血的治疗是一种有效而快捷的手段,配合有效的护理措施,可取得满意效果.     

肺动脉栓塞的腔内旋切消融术介入治疗

目的 :探讨经导管肺动脉腔内旋切消融术介入治疗肺动脉栓塞的临床疗效。方法 :经右侧股静脉穿刺 ,行选择性左、右肺动脉插管造影的右侧肺动脉栓塞 4例 ,其中右肺动脉主干不规则充盈缺损 1例 ,右肺动脉主干及右下肺动脉不规则充盈缺损 2例 ,右上、下肺动脉均不规则充盈缺损 1例 ;双侧肺动脉多发性栓塞 1例 ,造影见右肺动脉主干及左下肺动脉不规则充盈缺损。 5例病人均行肺动脉血栓旋切消融术并于下腔静脉内肾静脉以下各放置滤器 1只。结果 :本组病例经导管行血栓旋切消融术后 ,肺动脉栓塞明显好转 ,各栓塞肺动脉及其分支重新显示 ,患者术中临床症状即刻明显减轻 ,血气明显改善 ,血氧饱和度及PaO2 明显回升 ,基本恢复正常。有 3例患者出现轻微胸痛。结论 :对肺动脉栓塞病人实施经导管肺动脉腔内旋切消融术疗效肯定、安全、有效 ,能延长患者生命 ,提高患者的生活质量     

创伤性泌尿系统出血的急诊动脉栓塞治疗

目的:探讨经导管选择性动脉栓塞在创伤性泌尿系统出血急诊治疗中的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析27例临床诊断为创伤性泌尿系统出血并经急诊动脉栓塞治疗的患者的临床资料.结果:根据损伤出血部位行数字减影血管造影检查,明确损伤出血动脉,并以明胶海绵颗粒(3例配合使用弹簧钢圈)对靶动脉进行栓塞.23例(85%)患者经1次栓塞后成功止血,2例经第2次栓塞后止血,2例栓塞失败改行其他治疗方法.栓塞后21例有不同程度的发热、局部疼痛、恶心、呕吐等反应,未发现其他严重合并症.结论:选择性动脉栓塞是创伤性泌尿系统出血的安全有效治疗措施,具有创伤小、见效快的优点,并可为患者的进一步治疗创造条件.     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的经血管内栓塞治疗

目的:评价颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)经血管内栓塞治疗的方法及价值。材料和方法:分析14例经血管内介入治疗的颈内动脉海绵窦瘘病例,以带毛弹簧栓、可脱球囊或电解可脱弹簧栓(Guglielmi Detachable Coil,GDC)经动脉或静脉途径栓塞瘘口。6例采用带毛弹簧栓,共54个,其中1例同时经眼静脉穿刺逆行栓塞海绵窦。7例采用球囊栓塞,1例因为瘘口小无法放置弹簧栓和球囊而采用GDC栓塞。结果:本组中13例CCF瘘口完全堵塞,其中4例同时堵塞颈内动脉,患者症状消失。1例已有6年病史的CCF颈内动脉参与大脑供血无法栓塞,经栓塞与海绵窦相通的颈外动脉后,又经眼静脉栓塞海绵窦致瘘口明显缩小。结论:经动脉内以球囊、弹簧栓或GDC栓塞是治疗CCF的有效方法,其中以球囊栓塞操作安全简便为首选材料。引流静脉粗大者逆行栓塞可以起补充作用。     

超选择性动脉内栓塞治疗临床难治性血尿的价值

目的:探讨临床难治性血尿经超选择性动脉内栓塞治疗的价值。方法:采用超选择性动脉插管技术,对31例急性血尿患者的肾动脉或膀胱动脉进行血管造影,并选用不同的材料栓塞出血病变。经一侧肾动脉栓塞27例,双侧膀胱动脉栓塞4例。结果:本组31例均完成超选择性动脉内栓塞治疗,27例(87%)于48h内血尿停止;3例(10%)48h后出血量减少,经保守治疗后止血;1例(3%)栓塞治疗失败并行患肾切除术。经随访没有发生严重并发症和肉眼血尿复发。结论:超选择性动脉内栓塞方法为临床难治性血尿提供了新的治疗途径,同时也是一种安全有效的急救手段。     

经静脉入路栓塞治疗难治性外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的评价经静脉入路栓塞治疗难治性外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘（TCCF）的疗效,强调保留颈内动脉通畅的重要性。方法回顾性分析近3年经静脉入路弹簧圈联合Onyx胶栓塞的8例外伤性TCCF,所有病例经动脉入路球囊闭塞瘘口失败,后接受经静脉入路栓塞瘘口,术后3~18个月脑血管造影和临床随访评价其疗效。结果5例单纯经静脉入路栓塞完全闭塞瘘口,2例经动脉入路植入可脱球囊联合经静脉入路栓塞完全闭塞瘘口,治愈率为87.5%;1例经静脉入路栓塞后遗留海绵窦内假性动脉瘤,3个月后复查动脉瘤消失;术中均未出现远端脑栓塞、脑出血症状,2例患者新发外展神经麻痹,术后2~6个月症状逐步改善并最终消失;术后3~18个月随访造影7例瘘口完全闭塞颈内动脉通畅,1例瘘口消失,同侧颈内动脉闭塞;同时所有病例眼部症状及颅内杂音均消失。结论经静脉入路栓塞治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘安全有效,为保留颈内动脉,可作为难治性TCCF的一种重要的治疗方法。      

Endovascular treatment of a direct post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula with electrolytically detachable coils

Carotid-cavernous fistulae are abnormal communications between the internal carotid artery and venous compartments of the cavernous sinus. Fistulae are uncommon but well-documented sequelae of craniofacial trauma. The characteristic clinical presentation includes ocular pain, chemosis, exophthalmus and visual disturbances. We report on a 28-year-old man with a history of severe craniocerebral injury, including multiple craniofacial fractures resulting from a fall from a height of approximately 6 meters, who was surgically treated one year ago. Two months before presentation, the patient began to exhibit progressive chemosis, proptosis, eyelid swelling, diplopia and exophthalmus. Computerized tomography and computerized tomographic angiography revealed findings consistent with a carotid-cavernous fistula of the right side of the cavernous sinus with dilatation of the right ocular vein. Digital subtractional angiography of the right internal carotid artery revealed a fistula between the cavernous part of the artery and the right cavernous sinus. There was only minimal blood flow in the supraclinoid part of the internal carotid artery because of the high pressure within the fistula. Our decision was to try to occlude the fistula by means of endovascular embolization. The origin of the fistula in the internal carotid artery was successfully obliterated with seven electolytically detachable coils. Control digital subtractional angiography at the end of the procedure demonstrated minimal residual flow through the fistula. Two months after the treatment, angiographic control revealed complete obliteration of the fistula. Clinical examination showed total resolution of signs and symptoms of a carotid-cavernous fistula. Endovascular transarterial embolization of carotid cavernous fistulae is a widely accepted, safe and successful treatment option. In the case that we describe we occluded the fistula and right cavernous sinus with electrolytically detachable coils that we could place into the sinus. Other endovascular treatment options include the use of detachable balloons, stent placement, transvenous embolization or surgical ligation of the fistula.     

Neuromeningeal access for transarterial intravenous carotid-cavernous fistula embolization

While numerous endovascular access routes have been described for carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) treatment, transarterial embolization via the neuromeningeal trunk of the ascending pharyngeal artery is typically avoided due to the risk of cranial nerve palsy or non-target embolization via external-to-internal carotid anastamoses. We present the case of a dural CCF in which access to the venous side of the fistula was achieved via the neuromeningeal trunk and allowed for curative transarterial intravenous coil/liquid embolic embolization of the lesion. The utility of a transarterial intravenous approach in the face of venous sinus occlusion is highlighted. The neuromeningeal trunk should not be overlooked as a potential access route for transarterial intravenous CCF embolization in cases where traditional endovascular access is limited; this approach does not carry the same risks that are generally associated with pure transarterial embolization along this pathway.     

Transforaminal approach for cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula embolization

A transverse sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) not easily accessible by standard transfemoral (transarterial or transvenous) endovascular approaches is presented. An enlarged transosseous retromastoid foramen harboring the occipital artery branch feeding the lesion was identified on CT angiogram (CTA). Curative Onyx embolization was achieved via percutaneous CT-guided direct puncture of the transosseous occipital arterial branch followed by microcatheter navigation through the needle distally towards the site of the fistula.     

Treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula using different surgical approaches: Analysis of 32 consecutive cases

ObjectiveTransarterial and transvenous embolization methods are considered effective and safe approaches for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF). Here., we report the angioarchitectural features and clinical outcomes of CSDAVF in patients treated with either the inferior arterial approach (IAA) or the inferior petrosal sinus approach (IPSA).MethodsThe clinical data of 32 patients with CSDAVF treated at our institution from May 2008 to May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent routine diagnostic digital subtraction angiography (DSA) before surgery. Embolization was performed using the IPSA through the internal jugular vein or IAA, based on angioarchitectural features.ResultsOf the 32 patients with CSDAVF, 24 underwent embolization treatment through the internal jugular vein-IPSA and 8 patients underwent treatment through IAA. Nineteen patients in the IPSA group experienced mild headache, which improved after specific treatment. The immediate postembolization angiographic results revealed complete occlusion in 26 cases (18 IPSA and 8 IAA) and almost complete occlusion in 6 cases (IPSA). Complications that occurred during the procedure included abducens nerve palsy (n = 1, IPSA) and prosopoplegia (n = 1, IAA). One patient developed tinnitus, which was diagnosed as anterior cranial fossa new-onset dural arteriovenous fistula on DSA, whereas the symptoms of other patients all improved with no recurrence.ConclusionsOn the basis of the angioarchitectural features of CSDAVF, IAA can be considered the primary treatment when the blood-supplying artery and fistula are relatively singular, and when the microcatheter can easily reach the fistula through the artery. The venous approach should be selected as the primary approach when the fistula is indistinguishable and blood is supplied by multiple arteries through small plexiform vessels. Choosing the optimal surgical approach may increase the success rate of intravascular CSDAVF surgery and may help avoid complications.     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘经血管内治疗的临床分析

目的探讨不同类型硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）经不同血管内途径进行治疗的方法和经验。方法回顾性分析2005年9月至2010年9月,经动脉入路在供血动脉近瘘口处使用Onyx、Glubran、可脱弹簧圈、游离纤毛钢圈栓塞治疗,经静脉入路在瘘口静脉端用弹簧圈栓塞方法治疗,或采用动静脉联合入路栓塞方法治疗不同部位和不同类型的DAVF 9例。结果本组病例均经1次栓塞,其中达到即刻影像学治愈7例;瘘口处血流明显减少2例;使用Onyx栓塞后出现一过性颅神经损害2例;使用可脱弹簧圈填窦后瘘口消失1例,出现右侧外展神经麻痹,复视。随访3-48个月。栓塞后的半侧面部麻木于术后1个月及3周恢复;复视患者经保守6个月后不改善行眼部手术矫正;上矢状窦区DAVF患者栓塞后43个月症状再次复发,经开颅手术治疗后症状改善。结论在术者对各种类型DAVF能够深刻认识及掌握相关治疗技术的前提下,个体化方案治疗不同部位的DAVF可以达到满意疗效。     

Arteriovenous fistulas of the Vein of Galen region in adults: Endovascular treatment

PurposeArteriovenous fistulas of the Vein of Galen region in adults (Ad-VGAVF) are an uncommon entity with specific anatomic features. The aim of this article is to present our experience in the endovascular treatment of this pathology and to propose a therapeutic strategy based precisely on the angioarchitecture of these lesions.Materials and methodsDuring a 20-year period, 10 patients underwent endovascular treatment of Ad-VGAVF. They were nine men and one woman with a mean age of 50 years (23–66 years) treated with the same embolization strategy. Clinical presentation, angiographic characteristics, therapeutic strategy, and clinical outcomes were recorded.ResultsAll patients were treated exclusively by endovascular approach. Transarterial access was performed in eight patients and combined transvenous and transarterial access in two. Complete obliteration of the fistula was obtained in all patients. There were no intraprocedural complications. Post-embolization neurological symptoms occurred in 5 of 10 with complete resolution at six months in all of them.ConclusionArteriovenous fistulas of the Vein of Galen region in adults present uniform angioarchitecture despite their low prevalence. Based on this constant angioarchitecture and especially on the features of its venous drainage, judicious embolization strategy is feasible and effective. Ten cases treated entirely by endovascular approach with excellent clinical and angiographic outcomes show this treatment like a curative alternative for this entity of deep topography and severe prognosis.     

数字减影血管造影及栓塞术在耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科血管性疾病中的应用

目的探讨数字减影血管造影(DSA)及栓塞术在耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科血管性疾病诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析35例患者的临床资料,其中,鼻咽纤维血管瘤27例,上颌窦血管瘤4例,难治性鼻出血4例(其中自发性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘1例,鼻咽癌放疗后难治性鼻出血1例)。均采用Seldinger技术动脉插管行DSA、栓塞进行诊断和治疗,分析DSA及栓塞术在该类疾病中的应用价值。结果 35例均成功进行DSA及栓塞治疗。单纯栓塞治疗的5例中,颈内动脉海绵窦瘘1例及其他难治性鼻出血3例均一次栓塞治愈,1例鼻咽纤维血管瘤Ⅳ期因颅底广泛破坏和颈内动脉供血仅行姑息性栓塞后影像学检查证实瘤体明显缩小。余26例鼻咽纤维血管瘤及4例上颌窦血管瘤栓塞后再予手术治疗,28例术中出血量明显减少,平均出血量仅470 ml,2例Ⅳ期鼻咽纤维血管瘤因由颈内、外动脉同时供血单纯行颈外供瘤动脉栓塞,术中出血量较多。结论 DSA能清晰显示头颈部血管性病变的供血动脉、异常交通支、动静脉瘘等动态图像,指导临床治疗方法的选择;血管内栓塞治疗对颈外动脉系统的难治性鼻出血、颈内动脉海绵窦瘘有良好的治疗效果;对血运丰富需手术治疗的肿瘤,术前栓塞可显著减少术中出血,大大提高手术的安全性。     

颈内动脉系统血管内治疗技术的临床探讨

目的 探讨颈内动脉系统血管内治疗技术与效果。方法 采用股动脉入路、颈内动脉选择性插管的方法,行脑癌区域性化疗5例、CCF栓塞治疗6例共14次。治疗前先行全脑血管造影,CCF加行压颈功能试验。结果 14例次颈内动脉介入操作技术成功率为100％,无任何严重并发症;所有患治疗后均症状缓解或消失。脑癌介入化疗后均有瘤体缩小和瘤周水肿减轻改变。6例CCF球囊栓塞后5例达到影像学痊愈且保持了人动脉通畅;1例瘘口巨大同时闭塞了颈内动脉。结论 颈内动脉介入性脑癌化疗及CCF闭塞术较为安全、有效。