高度近视白内障晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的 观察晶状体超声乳化吸出联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并高度近视的临床效果.方法 对27例(47眼)白内障合并高度近视行晶状体超声乳化吸出,低度数丙烯酸酯折叠式人工晶状体植入术,观察术中、术后并发症,术后视力及屈光状态,术后随访>6月.结果 术中有后囊破裂1眼(2.13%),角膜水肿7眼(14.89%),葡萄膜炎症1眼(2.13%).术后1月-3月矫正视力<0.1者1眼(2.13%),0.1-0.4者12眼(25.53%),0.5-0.8者30眼(63.83%),1.0-1.5者4眼(8.51%).晶状体后囊浑浊6眼(12.77%).观察2年无视网膜脱离者.结论 晶状体超声.乳化吸出,低度数丙烯酸酯折叠式人工晶状体植入治疗白内障合并高度近视安全并且效果良好.     

高度近视白内障Bigbag人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的观察超声乳化晶体吸出联合Bigbag折叠式人工晶状植入后囊术治疗白内障合并高度近视的临床效果。方法对54例93眼白内障合并高度近视行超声乳化吸出低度数或负度数bigbag丙稀酸酯折叠式人工晶状体植入术,观察术中术后并发症、术后视力和屈光状态,角膜内皮细胞损失,后束皱褶。术后随访时间3m-6m。结果术中无后囊膜破裂,见晶体与整膜紧密相贴,后囊膜未见皱褶,人工晶体固定良好。术后3眼角膜水肿。6m最佳矫正视力<0.1者4眼,0.1～1.4者28眼,0.5～0.9者55眼,1.0～1.5者6眼;后囊膜混浊2眼;无视网膜脱离和黄斑囊样水肿。结论超声乳化吸出低度数或负度数bigbag丙烯酸折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并高度近视是安全有效理想术式,不仅降低了后束膜皱褶的发生率,同时也减少了视网膜脱离的发生。     

低度数或负度数折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并高度近视的临床观察

目的观察白内障摘除联合低度数或负度数丙烯酸酯(Acrysof)折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并高度近视的临床疗效.方法对40例(56只眼)白内障合并高度近视患者行超声乳化白内障吸除低度数或负度数Acrysof折叠式人工晶状体植入术,观察术中和术后并发症、术后视力和屈光度数.术后随访时间≥3个月.结果术中无并发症发生.术后3个月最佳矫正视力＜0.1者2只眼,0.1～0.4者12只眼,0.5～0.9者36只眼,1.0～1.5者6只眼;4只眼(7.2%)晶状体后囊膜混浊,1只眼(1.8%)发生晶状体囊袋阻滞综合征,无视网膜脱离者.结论超声乳化白内障吸除低度数或负度数Acrysof折叠式人工晶状体植入术,是治疗白内障合并高度近视患者安全、有效的手术方法.     

负度数折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并轴性高度近视

目的:探讨超声乳化白内障吸除联合负度数人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并高度近视的临床疗效。方法:对30例41眼白内障合并高度近视患者行超声乳化白内障吸除联合负度数折叠式人工晶状体植入术,随访6mo,观察术中和术后并发症、术后视力、眼底情况。结果:术前平均眼轴长度为32.11mm。术后视力<0.1者3眼,0.1～0.5者26眼,>0.5者12眼。术中2眼晶状体后囊膜破裂;1眼角膜水肿,未见视网膜脱离。24眼眼底有明显的高度近视眼底病变。结论:超声乳化白内障吸除联合负度数人工晶状体植入术是治疗白内障合并高度近视眼安全、有效的方法。     

负度数人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并超高度近视

目的 观察超声乳化白内障吸出负度数人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并超高度近视的临床效果.方法 对66例97眼白内障合并超高度近视眼患者施行超声乳化白内障吸出联合负度数人工晶状体植入术,观察术后视力、屈光状态、眼前段情况和并发症.术后随访3～12个月.结果 97眼均成功植入人工晶状体,视力都有不同程度的提高,术后3个月时矫正视力＜0.1者9眼,0.1～0.4者52眼,＞0.4者36眼;大部分患者残留低度的近视屈光状态;后囊膜混浊18眼;部分人工晶状体与后囊膜之间存在间隙,且后囊膜出现皱褶;无视网膜脱离和黄斑囊样水肿的发生.结论 超声乳化白内障吸出联合植入负度数人工晶状体治疗白内障合并超高度近视眼,具有良好的有效性和安全性,同时预测性好,并发症少.     

高度近视低度数折叠式人工晶状的临床应用

目的：评价低度数折叠式人工晶状体在高度近视眼白内障超声乳化术中的应用效果。方法：对眼轴≥mm的98例123眼高度近视合并白内障病例,施行超声乳化吸出及低度数折叠式人工晶状体植入术（＋4D－17.5D）。结果：术后随访观察6－24月的88例111眼中,矫正视力≥0.5者91眼（81.98％）,术后屈光矫正为－1.0D－－4.0D。后囊浑浊2眼（1.8％）,随访期间未发生视网膜脱离。结论：低度数折叠式人工晶状体植入术,是治疗高度近视眼白内障的理想术式,既降低了后囊浑浊的发生率,也减少了视网膜脱离的发生。     

透明晶状体超乳人工晶状体植入治疗高度近视

目的　探讨透明晶状体超声乳化吸出折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视的远期疗效。方法　对 2 0例 (2 8眼 )施行透明晶状体超声乳化吸出折叠式人工晶状体植入术 ,平均年龄 47 8岁 (4 3～ 5 8岁 )。术前平均等值球镜 (-8 77±5 62 )D ,平均眼轴 (2 8 16± 2 75 )mm。术中植入折叠式丙烯酸酯人工晶状体 ,平均植入人工晶状体度数 (4 5± 5 3 )D。术后随访 2 4～ 3 2月。观察术后最佳矫正视力、显然屈光度、角膜内皮细胞计数及并发症。结果　所有患者手术顺利。术后最佳矫正视力≥ 0 5者 2 1眼 ,占 75 0 0 % :<0 5者 7眼 ,占 2 5 0 0 %。平均等值球镜度为 (-2 2 5± 1 5 0 )D。角膜内皮细胞平均丧失率1 91%。术后 1眼 (3 5 7% )发生孔源性视网膜脱离 ;2眼 (7 14 % )发生后囊浑浊。结论　透明晶状体超声乳化吸出囊袋内人工晶状体植入术是矫正高度近视的一种较安全、有效的方法。     

2.6 mm切口人工晶状体植入治疗白内障合并高度近视的疗效观察

目的：观察使用Monarch Ⅱ折叠推注系统，通过2．6mm角膜切口植入低度数或负度数丙烯酸脂(AcrySof)折叠式人工晶状体治疗白内障合并高度近视的临床疗效。方法：对52例(68眼)白内障合并高度近视患者行超声乳化白内障吸除，使用Monarch Ⅱ折叠推注系统通过2.6mm角膜切口植入低度数或负度数AcrySof折叠式人工晶状体，观察术中和术后并发症、术后视力。术后随访时间平均6个月(3-12个月)。结果：所有人工晶状体均能顺利植入眼内，没有发生人工晶状体断裂、擦痕、断襻或襻变形等情况，术中无并发症发生。术后3个月最佳矫正视力0．12～0．25者8眼(11．8％)，0．3．0．5者21眼(30．9％)，0．6～1．0者36眼(52．9％)，大于1．0者3眼(4．4％)；随访期间出现黄斑囊样水肿2眼，无出现视网膜脱离和后发性白内障者。结论：在白内障合并高度近视超声乳化吸除、低度数或负度数折叠式人工晶状体植人手术中，应用Monarch Ⅱ折叠推注系统可以将通常需要3．5mm左右的切口减少为2．6mm，是一种安全有效的方法。     

高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的　分析高度近视白内障超声乳化吸出及后房人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法　对 5 0例 ( 5 8眼 )高度近视白内障行巩膜隧道切口晶状体超声乳化吸出及后房人工晶状体植入。眼轴长 2 7～ 3 3 5 6mm ,平均 2 9 3 5mm。其中眼轴长≤ 3 0mm者 40眼 ,眼轴长 >3 0mm者 18眼。植入折叠式人工晶状体 ,观察术中术后并发症及术后视力。结果　眼轴长≤ 3 0mm的40眼中术后视力≥ 0 4者 3 5眼 ( 87 5 %) ;眼轴长 >3 0mm的 18眼中术后视力≥ 0 4者 9眼 ( 5 0 0 %)。术中后囊破裂 1例 ,行前部玻璃体切除及人工晶状体睫状沟植入术。结论　高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入能改善视力 ,但眼轴长 >3 0mm者术后视力恢复较差     

小切口超声乳化吸出术联合低及负度数人工晶状体植入术治疗轴性高度近视白内障

目的　探讨小切口超声乳化吸出术联合低、负度数人工晶状体植入术治疗轴性高度近视白内障的临床效果。方法　对86例111眼轴性高度近视患者进行超声乳化吸出术联合低、负度数人工晶状体植入术。观察患者术后视力、屈光度数和手术并发症。随访1 a。结果　术后3 个月,85 眼最佳矫正视力≥0.5;屈光度数为-0 26~-3.50 D,平均(-1.32±0.65)D,无过矫现象发生。术中发生后囊破裂1 眼;术后角膜水肿14眼,3~7 d消退;后囊混浊9眼;术后6个月内无视网膜脱离者。结论　小切口超声乳化吸出术联合低、负度数人工晶状体植入术提高了轴性高度近视患者的视力,有效的预防了视网膜脱离,获得了预期的屈光状态。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Current Thoughts on the Aetiology of Ocular Changes during Contact Lens Wear

ABSTRACT: Contact lenses are known to produce changes to the ocular tissues, and this review attempts to give a comprehensive assemblage of the knowledge on the aetiology of such changes. To achieve this result, the changes are categorized by structure and function, and discussed according to the temporal nature of occurrence where appropriate. Although assessment of the importance of a particular tissue change is difficult, this overview enables some degree of judgement to be made on the aetiology of the major side-effects of contact lens wear. This gives a basis on which to modify aspects of contact lens wear to ultimately increase the success rate.     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: first-order and second-order spatial structure

This study provides evidence for the existence of a low-level chromatic motion mechanism and further elucidates the conditions under which its operation becomes measurable in an experimental stimulus. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of amplitude modulated (AM) gratings that were defined by luminance or chromatic variation and masked with spatiotemporally broadband luminance or chromatic noise. The size and retinal location of the stimuli were varied and the effects of broadband noise and grating masks were both compared with the cohort of stimuli. Some significant disparities in the published literature were well explained by the results. In conclusion, evidence for a chromatically sensitive motion mechanism that evades the, detrimental effects of a luminance mask was found only at the fovea and only when the stimulus was small and centrally placed.     

Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies

We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive.