Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for treatment of hepatoblastoma recurrence

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely reported as a minimally invasive treatment for liver tumours in adults, but has not been documented as a treatment for hepatoblastoma in a child. We report a 2-year-old boy with local recurrence of hepatoblastoma after partial hepatectomy. Percutaneous RFA was performed under real-time sonographic guidance. There was no imaging evidence of recurrence after a follow-up of 2 years. We consider this a promising technique in children.     

经导管射频消融治疗儿童间隔旁道的安全性及有效性

目的:评估儿童间隔旁道射频消融的有效性及安全性。方法:2013年9月至2019年3月因阵发性室上性心动过速于上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心心内科住院拟行经导管射频消融治疗共626例患儿,对其中74例间隔旁道患儿的临床及射频消融数据进行分析。结果:74例患儿中,男45例,女29例;年龄(7.8±3.5 )岁(10...     

Core body temperature regulation of pediatric patients during radiofrequency ablation

Core body temperature elevation (hyperthermia) can occur during radiofrequency ablation of large centrally located tumors in small children. Hyperthermia can be predicted on the basis of long burn times, high wattage delivered by the RF system and low body weight. If hyperthermia is anticipated, cooling blankets using refrigerated air or water are recommended. The advantage of these systems is that the cooling can help maintain normal core body temperature. This study was supported in part by Cancer Center Support (CORE) grant CA 21765 from the National Cancer Institute and by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC).     

射频导管消融治疗小儿不同类型快速型心律失常1000例

目的 探讨射频导管消融(RFCA)治疗小儿不同类型快速型心律失常的成功率、复发因素、安全性及年龄对消融效果的影响.方法 接受心内电生理学检查及RFCA的快速型心律失常患儿1000例,年龄0.33 ～16.50岁[(7.6±3.8)岁].分析不同心动过速类型RFCA方法及效果、心动过速复发及并发症的发生情况,比较不同年龄组RFCA效果.结果 接受心内电生理检查患儿1000例,经心内电生理学检查证实房室折返性心动过速(AVRT) 560例(56％),房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT) 210例(21％),室性心动过速/室性期前收缩(VT/PVC) 159例(15.9％),局灶性房性心动过速(rAT) 49例(4.9％),心房扑动/切口折返性房性心动过速(AF/IRAT) 22例(2.2％).958例患儿接受RFCA,首次消融成功率96.2％,复发率8.1％,其中经心电生理检查证实为原旁路/消融点复发5.3％,新的旁路/起源部位/心律失常类型2.8％.AVRT接受RFCA 533例,消融成功率98.0％,复发率8.4％,其中原旁路复发4.0％,新的旁路/心动过速类型4.4％.右前/中间隔旁路消融成功率较低(85.3％),原旁路复发率较高(31.0％).AVNRT接受RFCA 205例,消融成功率100％,复发率5.9％,其中原消融点复发4.9％.AF/IRAT接受RFCA 22例,消融成功率95.5％,随访无复发.FAT接受RFCA 46例,消融成功率84.8％.其中采用二维标测,消融成功率62.5％;采用三维标测指导冷盐水灌注消融成功率96.7％;2种方法消融成功率比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);复发10例(25.6％),其中7例起源于左/右心耳,均经外科心耳切除术后房性心动过速得以根治.VT/PVC接受RFCA 152例,消融成功率89.5％,复发率6.6％,其中原消融点复发5.9％.不同年龄组消融成功率比较差异无统计学意义.开展RFCA早期与晚期总体消融成功率及不同类型心动过速消融消融成功率比较差异无统计学意义,开展消融早期房室结折返性心动过速及左前侧壁房室旁路复发率显著高于晚期,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).RFCA并发症8例(0.84％),其中完全性房室传导阻滞2例、麻醉意外1例均发生于射频消融早期阶段,血管并发症5例,无死亡病例.结论 RFCA手术可安全而有效地用于治疗小儿快速型心律失常,成功率高,复发率低,是根治某些类型小儿快速型心律失常的首选方法;低龄儿RFCA成功率、复发率及并发症与其他年龄组患儿比较差异无统计学意义,但手术难度有所增加,需谨慎选择;采用三维标测指导射频导管消融可明显提高难治性心律失常的消融成功率;丰富的经验及熟练的操作是避免并发症发生的重要因素.     

CT-guided radiofrequency tumor ablation in children

Background

Image-guided radiofrequency ablation is a well-accepted technique of interventional oncology in adults.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation as a minimally invasive treatment for metastatic neoplasms in children.

Materials and methods

A total of 15 radiofrequency ablation sessions were performed in 12 children and young adults (median age 9.5; range 5–18 years) with metastatic malignancies. Seven children and young adults had secondary hepatic lesions, three had pulmonary and two had bone lesions. Radiofrequency ablation was performed under conscious sedation.

Results

The median lesion size was 1.7 cm (range 1.3–2.8 cm). The median time for ablation was 8 min (range 7–10 min). Radiofrequency procedures were technically successful in all tumors. Postablation imaging immediately after, and 1 month and 3 months after radiofrequency ablation showed total necrosis in all patients. At 6-month follow-up, three patients (all with lesion size >2 cm) had local recurrence and underwent a second radiofrequency ablation session. At 2-year follow-up no patient had recurrence of the treated tumor. Post-ablation syndrome occurred in four children. No major complication occurred.

Conclusion

CT-guided radiofrequency tumor ablation was safe and efficient for palliative treatment in our cohort of patients.     

儿童经导管射频消融术的应用进展

快速性心律失常是儿童较常见的一类心律失常.持续或频繁的心动过速严重危害儿童的身心健康.在心内电生理检查的帮助下,各种心律失常的电生理机制不断阐明,同时诊疗技术也突飞猛进的发展,儿童快速性心律失常的治疗对策发生了重大变革,经导管射频消融术应运而生.经导管射频消融术是通过热效能,毁损心律失常病灶或阻断折返途径或房室传导,从而达到治疗的目的.儿童射频消融术的临床应用,彻底改变了药物治疗无法根治心律失常的历史.临床医师应全面评估心律失常对儿童的影响及可能的预后,严格掌握适应证.目前儿童房室折返性心动过速、房室结折返性心动过速、室性心动过速、房性心动过速、心房扑动的射频消融治疗已日趋成熟,成功率高,复发率低.并发症发生与手术医师的经验密切相关.     

Efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma in children

Background Percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of osteoid osteoma has high technical and clinical success rates. However, there are limited data on its use in the treatment of osteoid osteoma in children. Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of CT-guided percutaneous RF ablation of osteoid osteoma in children and compare the outcomes with published data on its use in patients unselected for age. Materials and methods From January 2003 to July 2006, 23 children with osteoid osteoma were treated with CT-guided RF ablation using a straight rigid electrode. Their mean age was 11 years (range 3.5–16 years) and there were 15 boys and 8 girls. The procedures were carried out under general anaesthesia. Follow-up was performed to assess technical and clinical outcome. The mean follow-up period was 2.5 years (range 13–49 months). Results Technical success was achieved in 21 children (91.3%). Failure occurred in two children, in one due to failure to adequately localize the nidus within the dense sclerosis and in the other because of a short ablation time (2 min) because he developed hyperthermia. Clinical success was achieved in 18 patients within 2–5 days (primary clinical success rate 78.2%).These patients were allowed to fully weight-bear and function without limitation 1 week after the procedure. Pain recurrence was observed in two patients; one was treated successfully with a second ablation after 6 months (secondary clinical success rate 82.6%). Hyperthermia was observed in two patients during the procedure. Three other minor complications were observed: wound infection in one child and skin burn in two children. No major immediate or delayed complications were observed. Conclusion Percutaneous CT-guided RF ablation is an effective and safe minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of osteoid osteoma in children. It has high technical and clinical success rates that are slightly lower than those of patients with a wider range of ages.     

Low-energy radiofrequency catheter ablation as therapy for supraventricular tachycardia in a premature neonate

A premature neonate with hydrops was born at 32 weeks of gestation after successful direct fetal amiodarone therapy via cordocentesis for incessant supraventricular tachycardia. After birth the tachycardia could not be controlled despite high doses of amiodarone and flecainide and the patient developed severe respiratory and circulatory failure. After 3 weeks, weighing 2 kg, he underwent successful and uncomplicated catheter ablation of a left free-wall accessory pathway using low-energy radiofrequency. Conclusion:radiofrequency catheter ablation is rarely used in neonates, but when used with caution may provide the optimal treatment.     

Percutaneous treatment of osteoid osteoma by CT-guided drilling resection in pediatric patients

Background: Osteoid osteoma is a painful, benign, small osteogenic bone tumor. For a long time, surgery was the only treatment for these lesions. Different minimally invasive therapeutic techniques have been proposed. We report our experience in the treatment of osteoid osteoma by CT-guided drilling resection in pediatric patients. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of CT-guided percutaneous drilling resection as a minimally invasive therapy for osteoid osteoma in children. Materials and methods: Over a 5-year period, 18 patients (age range 6–17 years, mean age 11.6 years) with osteoid osteomas (femur, n=10; tibia, n=5; humerus, n=2; vertebral body, n=1) were treated with this technique. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Results: All procedures were technically successful. Clinical success was achieved in 94.5% of patients (17/18). Only one patient had recurrence of symptoms 8 months after percutaneous resection and was surgically retreated. There were no complications. Conclusion: CT-guided percutaneous drilling resection is a safe, simple and effective minimally invasive technique for the treatment of osteoid osteoma in pediatric patients.     

Preoperative angiography with embolization and radiofrequency ablation as novel adjuncts to safe surgical resection of a large, vascular sacrococcygeal teratoma

Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) can present a challenging problem and can be associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. A female child was born at 36 weeks’ gestation with a large, vascular Type 1 SCT originally identified by prenatal ultrasound. A CT scan showed two large feeding vessels arising from both internal iliac arteries that were successfully embolized during angiography. A radiofrequency probe was then used to ablate a zone between normal tissue and the tumor. The SCT was subsequently surgically excised with minimal blood loss. This case is presented to illustrate two useful and previously unreported postnatal adjuncts to the surgical treatment of massive, hypervascular sacrococcygeal tumors.     

CT-guided radiofrequency ablation following high-dose chemotherapy of a liver-metastasizing pancreatoblastoma with tumor thrombus in the portal vein

Pancreatoblastoma is a rare neoplasm encountered most commonly in infants and young children. Unresectable or metastatic tumors have a poor prognosis despite adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We report the successful use of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation subsequent to intensive chemotherapy in an 8-year-old girl with liver-metastasizing pancreatoblastoma and with right and segment 4 portal vein tumor thrombosis. She has been in remission for 3 years.     

儿童肾肿瘤多中心协作组288例诊治报告

目的:总结中国小儿肿瘤专业委员会(CCCG)肾母细胞瘤(WT)-2015方案的疗效。方法:前瞻性研究,在CCCG-WT-2009方案基础上修正建立WT-2015方案。总结2015年9月至2018年12月在14家协作组成员单位明确诊断的288例初发肾肿瘤患儿的临床资料。分析儿童肾肿瘤的发病年龄、病理亚型分布、分期、疗效及预后因素。生存曲线应用Kaplan-Meier法,单因素分析应用Log-Rank法。结果:288例肾肿瘤中WT 261例,其中良好组织学型(FH)WT 254例,占97.3%,间变型(UFH)WT 7例,占2.7%。FHWT、UFHWT 3年无事件生存率(EFS)分别为(88.9±2.1)%、(80.0±17.9)%,优于WT-2009方案的81.2%、71.7%。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期FHWT有放疗指征者96例,其中76例实施放疗,20例因未放疗升至M方案化疗(环磷酰胺、依托泊苷、更生霉素、长春新碱、阿霉素),放疗与未放疗患儿3年EFS分别为(84.7±4.3)%及(84.7±8.1)%,预后差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.015,P=0.902)。肾肉瘤包括肾透明细胞肉瘤22例和肾横纹肌样瘤5例。3年EFS分别为(94.4±5.4)%及(20.0±17.9)%。将年龄、性别、病理类型、分期、手术中破溃否、治疗结束是否达到完全缓解(CR)、放疗否进行预后单因素分析,结果发现病理类型(χ2=44.329,P<0.01)和治疗结束时是否达到CR(χ2=49.459,P<0.01)是独立预后影响因素。结论:CCCG-WT-2015方案与WT-2009方案相比,预后改善,可扩大协作组对象应用本方案。     

射频消融分支电位治疗儿童左后分支性室性心动过速

目的 简化经导管标测和消融儿童左后分支性室性心动过速的方法.方法 窦性心律下,在后间隔(冠状静脉窦口下缘1～2 cm)的区域内,标测分支电位,其表现为心室波之前的双向波,两者之间存在明确的等电位线;当消融导管标测该电位较希氏柬电位晚20ms以上时试放电;放电前双角度(LAO 45°和30°)观察消融导管的位置,确定不在希氏束处;心电图出现左后分支阻滞,说明消融有效.消融术后心电监测24～48 h,注意室速终止后复极变化;服阿司匹林2～3 mg/kg 3个,月,停服抗心律失常药物,术后1d复查体表心电图、胸片、超声心动图,出院后1个月、3个月各随访一次,此后每半年门诊定期复查或电话随访.结果 15例患儿成功消融,术后心电图均出现左后分支阻滞图形;随访3～12个月,所有出现左后分支阻滞的患儿均无复发.其中1例术中靶点位置好的患儿,试放电后,心电图无改变,仍出现室速,后重新标测,试放电后出现左后分支阻滞,巩固90 s,成功消融,随访6个月,无复发.结论 射频消融分支电位治疗儿童左后分支性室性心动过速,简化了标测,减低了手术的难度,消融终点更为可靠.     

Radiofrequency ablation in children

Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation has ushered in a new era in the management of patients with symptomatic tachyarrhythmias. By providing the ability to cure the underlying arrhythmic substrate, RF catheter ablation obviates the need for life-long antiarrhythmic drugs. In the reported series, the success has been high and the complications have been infrequent and relatively minor. Not unexpectedly, RF catheter ablation has become the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias. The role of radiofrequency catheter ablation in infants and small children remains controversial, and awaits a larger experience and longer follow-up data.     

三维电生理标测系统在儿童心律失常导管消融中的应用

目的 探讨三维标测系统(Carto和Ensite)在指导儿童心律失常导管消融中的安全性、适应证和优越性.方法 ①在Carto指导下房性心动过速(atrial tachycardia,AT)消融8例;年龄(6.2±1.7)岁,体重(18.0±2.0)kg.②在Ensite指导下心律失常消融10例.其中应用Ensite Array系统指导消融8例,包括频发右室室性早搏(premature ventricular contractions,PVCs)6例,右房AT2例,年龄(11.3±1.2)岁,体重(40.0±5.0)kg;应用Ensite NavX系统指导消融2例,为B型预激综合征.结果 ①在Carto指导下8例AT患儿成功消融,其中"切口"性AT6例,左房耳AT和右房AT各1例;1例"切口"AT术后3个月复发,再次消融成功.②在Ensite Array指导下6例频发右PVCs和2例右房AT患儿成功消融,其中PVCs从术前(32 333±4509)个/24 h下降至0～4个/24 h;1例AT患儿1 d后出现另一种周期的AT.在Ensite Navx指导下成功消融2例B型预激综合征.随访6个月无复发.结论 Carto系统适合持续心律失常患儿的检测,而Ensite Array系统适合大于10岁、不持续右心心律失常患儿的检测;Ensite NavX可迅速建模,显示心内解剖结构.     

儿童肾移植18例报告

目的　探讨儿童肾移植适应证的选择、围手术期处理 ,以及肾移植对儿童生长发育、心理及生理上的影响。方法　回顾分析 1985年以来 18例儿童肾移植的临床资料 ,年龄 13～ 16岁 ,平均年龄 (15± 1.3)岁 ,其中 13岁 3例 ,14岁 4例 ,15岁 6例 ,16岁 5例。体重 2 2～ 4 3kg ,平均 (31±6 .4 )kg。结果　儿童肾移植占同期肾移植总例数的 1.4 % ,移植手术时间 1.5～ 3h ,无外科并发症。术后 3个月内发生急性排斥反应 5例 (2 7.8% ) ,1年人 /肾存活率为 10 0 % / 10 0 % ,3年 86 .7% /73.3% ,5年 80 .0 % / 70 .0 %。术后第 1年体重增加 6～ 10kg ,身高增高 2～ 5cm。 2例男性受者已结婚 ,1例育有一子一女 ,子女均健康。主要并发症为高血压 (44 .4 % )、白内障 (11.1% )、糖尿病(16 .7% )。死亡 2例 ,死因分别为肺部感染、肝功能损害。结论　肾移植是治疗儿童终末期肾功能衰竭的有效治疗手段。根据体重和年龄选择合适的植肾部位与血管吻合方式。环孢素A和FK5 0 6用量较成人大 ,应严密观察其血药浓度 ,激素用量宜减少。定期随访、提高患儿依从性是长期存活的关键     

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??Objective??To explore the feasibility of zero-fluoroscopy radiofrequency catheter ablation??RFCA?? for pediatric atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia??AVNRT?? using three-dimensional mapping compared with conventional mapping. Methods??We randomly selected 100 patients with AVNRT who received RFCA in Beijing Children’s Hospital from January 2010 to January 2018??50 patients used three-dimensional mapping for Zero-fluoroscopy RFCA??EnSite Velocity™ Cardiac Mapping System????group A?? and 50 patients used conventional mapping??group B??. Comparisons of RFCA success rate??complication rate??recurrence rate??and total fluoroscopy dose between group A and group B were made. Results??Success rate??complication rate??recurrence rate and total procedure time were not significantly different between the two methods. Total fluoroscopy dose was significantly reduced in group A compared with group B??0 mGy vs. ??75.68±18.02?? mGy??P??0.001????. Conclusion??Compared with conventional mapping??using EnSite Velocity™ Cardiac three-dimensional mapping in RFCA for pediatric AVNRT can complete zero-fluoroscopy dose with similar success rate and safety.     

房间隔穿刺法对儿童及青少年患者左侧房室旁道的射频消融治疗

目的探讨房间隔穿刺方法（ＴＳ）对儿童及青少年患者左侧房室旁道射频消蚀（ＲＦＣＡ）的成功率及安全性。方法共有３０例患者，平均年龄为１３±３岁，心动过速史３～５年，其中６例是因为动脉逆行法（ＴＡ）失败或操作困难，而对其进行房间隔穿刺射频消融治疗的。结果３０例患者均成功的进行了ＲＦＣＡ，无一例发生与ＴＳ有关的并发症；操作时间９３±３５分钟，Ｘ线投照时间２７±１２分钟，放电功率１８±６Ｗ。结论ＴＳ法对儿童及青少年患者左侧房室旁道的ＲＦＣＡ具有较好的成功率和安全性；ＴＳ法可避免动脉系统有关的并发症，而且是ＴＡ法的重要补充     

心内接触与非接触性标测指导导管消融术治疗儿童频发室性早搏

目的比较心内接触与非接触性标测在指导儿童频发室性早搏导管消融术中的优越性、安全性和适应证的选择。方法研究对象为2002年8月至2008年6月广东省人民医院收治的8例无器质性心脏病的频发室性早搏患儿,24h室早总数平均(30000±8465)个。采用Ensite非心内接触性标测系统指导消融4例,年龄10～14岁,右室流出道2例,右室流入道2例;传统心内接触性标测指导消融4例,年龄6～10岁,右室流出道2例,右室流入道1例,左室流出道1例。术前和术后1、3个月记录24h室早总数,记录两种方法的X线曝光时间、并发症和适应证。结果两种方法术后均获即刻成功,无并发症发生,7例术后1、3个月室早总数0～5个/24h,其中1例左室流出道室早复发,先后2次消融成功;X线曝光时间右室流出道:16.5min vs 32.5min,右室流入道:26.5min vs 60min,心内接触性标测消融左室流出道室早:90min。结论EnSite非接触性三维标测较接触性标测下消融有许多优越性,但同样也存在着局限性,心内接触性标测适应性广,是非接触性三维标测的基础和补充,尤其在EnSite非接触性三维标测标测失败时。