兔海马的血管构筑

用血管铸型扫描电镜术，动－静脉连续灌注法、组织化学ＤＡＢ法和生物体视学方法研究了兔海马的血管构筑。结果如下：兔海马由大脑后动脉和脉络膜前动脉供血。前者的初级分支发出一系列耙状分支进入海马，根据进入海马的部位可分为扇面动脉和海马背动脉。它们更发出分支至海马各区和齿状回。大脑后动脉经五级分支形成毛细血管网。海马各区和齿状回的毛细血管平均密度ＣＡ３＞ＣＡ４＞ＣＡ２＞齿状回＞ＣＡ１。海马静脉与动脉不完全伴     

海马内部血管构筑—硷性磷酸酶显示法

本文用硷性磷酸酶示内皮法，对１５例ＳＤ系大鼠海马内部的微血管构筑在光镜下进行了观察，结果显示大鼠海马内部各区各层的血管分布与其神经组织构筑有明显的对应关系，即从血管的排列可辨认海马内部各层，ＣＡ１区锥体层血管密度最低，而其腔隙分子层血管密度最高，辐状层血管相互平行排列且与海马裂垂直。在ＣＡ２及ＣＡ３区交界处有恒定的小动脉及其分支出现，ＣＡ１与ＣＡ２区移行处锥体层硷性磷酸酶反应可明显差异，此外还观察     

幼儿海马血管构筑研究

本文采用色素明胶灌注后肉眼及光镜观察,铸型扫描及图像分析对31例幼尸的海马血管构筑进行了研究.人海马血管主要来源于大脑后动脉,分海马前、中、后动脉,由其进一步发出海马内侧及外侧横行动脉供应海马本部与齿状回.海马内部存在着广泛的毛细血管前徵血管吻合和毛细血管网.海马前部毛细血管密度高于后部;内部以CA_2,CA_3区锥体层密度最高.扫描电镜下可见徵静脉与徵动脉以1∶4的关系构成徵血管单位,并见毛细血管前后括约肌.     

海马内部血管构筑——硷性磷酸酶显示法

本文用硷性磷酸酶示内皮法,对15例SD系大鼠海马内部的微血管构筑在光镜下进行了观察。结果显示大鼠海马内部各区各层的血管分布与其神经组织构筑有明显的对应关系。即从血管的排列可辨认海马内部各层。CA1区锥体层血管密度最低,而其腔隙分子层血管密度最高,辐状层血管相互平行排列且与海马裂垂直。在CA2及CA3区交界处有恒定的小动脉及其分支出现,CA1与CA2区移行处锥体层硷性磷酸酶反应可见明显差异。此外还观察到丰富的血管吻合,微动脉及微静脉的吻合支可通过海马的几层或全层。并且讨论了神经组织构筑与血管排列之间的关系。     

大鼠海马毛细血管密度的体视学研究

用１８只大鼠海马分别制成连续切片，垂直切片和各向同性均匀随机切片，对海马各区，各层内毛细血管体积分数，表面积密度和长度密度进行计量，结果：海马各区的毛细血管密度以ＣＡ２区最高，其次为ＣＡ１，ＣＡ３，ＣＡ４区最低，但各区间无显著差异，各层中以锥体层毛细血管密度最高，次为多形层和分子层，腔隙层最低，各层具显著差异。     

大鼠背海马内生长抑素mRNA神经元的老年变化

采用原位杂交组织化学及图像定量分析法，研究了大鼠背海马中生长抑素（ＳＳ）ｍＲＮＡ神经细胞的老年变化。年轻大鼠内，ＳＳｍＲＮＡ胞体主要分布于ＣＡ１和ＣＡ２区的锥体层和多形层、ＣＡ３区的辐状层和多形层，以及齿状回的多形层。老年大鼠内，ＳＳｍＲＮＡ胞体则主要集中于背海马的多形层。和年轻大鼠相比，老年大鼠背海马内ＳＳｍＲＡＮ胞体数量显著减少，胞体灰度值明显升高，而胞体截面积无明显年龄变化。结果表明，大鼠背     

成年大鼠肠系膜血管中CGRP免疫反应神经纤维的密度分布

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵显色及交点计数法测量纤维密度的定量技术，研究了ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应神经纤维（ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲＦ）在成年大鼠肠系膜上动脉和静脉中的密度分布规律。结果发现，成年大鼠肠系膜上动脉（ＳＭＡ）和静脉（ＳＭＶ）及其各级分支血管上含有较密集的呈网络状走行的ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲＦ。ＳＭＡ中ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲＦ的密度不随分支级别的增加而变化；而ＳＭＶ中ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲＦ的密度随分支级别的增加呈指数曲线减少。此两种伴行血管之间ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲＦ的密度在较细的血管分支中基本一致，而在较粗的血管分支中ＳＭＶ中ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲＦ的密度大于ＳＭＡ中。     

15 人脑海马内部微血管三维构筑的研究

<正>本文采用5例有机玻璃单体铸型标本,暗视野全景观察和日立S—450扫描电镜观察,较完整地显示人脑海马内部血管从动脉—微动脉—毛细血管前括约肌—毛细血管—微静脉—小静脉连续性立体构筑。海马内微动脉与微静脉有着特殊的分布形式,本文观察到一支动脉分细支或数条动脉的分支组成血管网,数支微动脉伴随一条微静脉为-血管单位,毛细血管互相交织成不规则的血管网.皮质动脉分支走向及毛细血管袢长轴与神经纤维走向平行。皮质长、短动脉各序支管随年龄增长而变粗;皮质动脉在深部发支返回浅层。本文观察到微血管间存在多种吻合:1.微动脉间吻合;2.毛细血管前动脉间吻合;3.微动脉与微静脉间吻合;4.微静脉间有搭桥式吻合。微血管形态特征;小动脉壁有卵圆形的内皮细胞核压迹,排列整齐,清晰可见。小静脉壁有圆形的内皮细胞核压迹。较大数量的毛细血管前括约肌和微动脉末端肌纤维包绕管壁形成纹理的微动脉括约肌,微动脉管径突然变细呈锥状与毛细血管相连接。毛细血管汇入静脉,静脉属支呈“树根状”。     

成人海马结构微血管密度的形态计量学研究

用碱性磷酸酶血管染色法对成人海马结构内微血管密度进行了形态计量学研究。结果表明，海马皮质各层的微血管密度，以分子层最高，以下依次为锥体细胞层和多形细胞层，而腔隙层最低。海马皮质各区和齿状回的微血管密度，以ＣＡ２区最高，ＣＡ３和ＣＡ１区居中，ＣＡ４区次之，齿状回最低。微血管直径以海马锥体细胞层最大（８．２０±２．１μｍ），多形细胞层最小（７．１２±０．９μｍ）。ＣＡ２区的微血管直径最大（７．５９±１     

人与大鼠海马血管构筑的比较性研究

本实验采用血管色素明胶灌注与甲酯铸型扫描电镜法 ,观察比较分析人与大鼠海马血管来源、分布规律及超微结构 ;利用图像分析仪对其血管密度及管径进行测量并分析。结果显示 ,人海马血管来源于大脑后动脉和脉络膜前动脉 ,而大鼠主要来源于大脑后动脉。人海马表面与内部血管呈规律性分布 ,而其内部血管分布不如大鼠明显。大鼠海马血管分布与神经组织构筑相匹配。人与大鼠海马血管内部存在着广泛的血管吻合     

Arterial supply of the temporo-medial region of the brain significance for preoperative vascular occlusion testing

The mesiobasal limbic system is of particular significance in the surgical treatment of temporo-medial tumors and epilepsy. It consists of the uncus, amygdaloid body, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, fasciolar gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus. Knowledge of the vascular microanatomy is a key to the surgical treatment of pathologies in the region. The anterior choroidal artery was selectively injected in fresh brain specimens 50 specimens with a gelatinous ink mixture to demonstrate vascular territories in stereotactic brain slices, and 50 with a Biodur resin to obtain casts for microanatomical evaluation. The cast technique was also applied to 35 specimens injected into the posterior cerebral artery. The rostral third of the temporomedial region is mainly supplied by branches of the anterior choroidal artery. The occipital two thirds are supplied by hippocampal branches, the posteromedial choroidal artery and the inferior temporal branches of the posterior cerebral artery. Important vessel variations with significant implications for the preoperative Wada-test are presented     

Effect of canonical Wnt inhibition in the neurogenic cortex, hippocampus, and premigratory dentate gyrus progenitor pool.

Canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for the correct development of both cortical and hippocampal structures in the dorsal telencephalon. In this study, we examined the role of the canonical Wnt signaling in the dorsal telencephalon of mouse embryos at defined time periods by inhibition of the pathway with ectopic expression of Dkk1. Transgenic mice with the D6-driven Dkk1 gene exhibited reduced canonical Wnt signaling in the cortex and hippocampus. As a result, all hippocampal fields were reduced in size. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was severely reduced both in the premigratory and migratory progenitor pool. The lower number of progenitors in the dentate gyrus was not rescued after migration to the subgranular zone and thus the dentate gyrus lacked the entire internal blade and a part of the external blade from postnatal to adult stages.     

大鼠纹状体血管构筑及增龄变化

目的:研究纹状体血管构筑及其微血管的增龄变化,为探讨纹状体易卒中机制、揭示脑血管病发病机理提供参考资料。方法:运用墨汁明胶灌注、血管铸型、透明、透射电镜等方法观测了三组不同月龄Wistar大鼠纹状体的血管。结果:大鼠纹状体主要由颈内动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉供血,它们的中央支多以直角发出。尾壳核内部微血管网稠密,与神经纤维、神经细胞之间形成蜂巢状结构。苍白球血管网较稀疏,内囊血管网较苍白球更为稀疏,三者间界限清晰。>24月龄大鼠纹状体毛细血管基膜增厚、内皮细胞固缩、线粒体、内质网等细胞器减少。结论:大鼠纹状体的血供与人的相似,其特殊的形态及增龄变化可能与该区易发生脑血管病有关。     

Regional heterogeneity in the distribution of neurotransmitter markers in the rat hippocampus.

A detailed neurochemical analysis of the distribution of markers for the most relevant neurotransmitter systems within the rat hippocampal formation has been performed. The hippocampi, obtained from unfrozen brains of male Sprague-Dawley rats were subdissected into tissue parts containing mainly CA1, CA3 or the dentate gyrus, respectively. Each part was further divided into ventral and dorsal halves. In these six hippocampal subregions the concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and the putative neurotransmitter amino acids glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine and taurine, and the levels of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y and the activities of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase and glutamate decarboxylase were measured. A marked heterogeneity in the subregional distribution of markers for various neurotransmitter systems within the hippocampal formation was observed. Each neuronal marker was characterized by an individual pattern of distribution. Most of the markers showed a concentration-gradient, increasing from dorsal to ventral; only taurine was more abundant in the dorsal than in the ventral parts and no dorsoventral difference was seen for aspartate, glycine and neuropeptide Y. The highest molar ratios of total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol to noradrenaline and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to serotonin were found in the dorsal hippocampus. The levels of noradrenaline, GABA and glutamate decarboxylase activity were highest in the dentate gyrus and lowest in CA1. The concentrations of somatostatin were highest in CA1; those of serotonin were highest in CA3. Highest activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase were found in the dentate gyrus; lowest activities were found in CA3. In CA3 the lowest values of glutamate, aspartate, taurine and somatostatin were also found. The heterogeneity in the distribution of individual neurochemical markers allows insights into possible functional differences of hippocampal subregions and provides a relevant basis for future neurochemical investigations in this brain area.     

听源性惊厥易感大鼠惊厥和点燃后前脑结构内的c—fos表达

为探讨听源性惊厥点燃和前脑结构的关系，用免疫细胞化学方法结合体视学分析，研究Ｗｉｓｔａｒ种系的听源性惊厥易感大鼠惊厥和点燃后，前脑结构内ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达的差异。结果显示，１．正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠接受一次强音刺激后，海马，齿状回，杏仁核，内嗅皮质，嗅周皮质和额－顶皮质内未见Ｆｏｘ阳性神经元；２．Ｐ７７ＰＭＣ大鼠一次惊厥后，除海马，齿状回外，上述被检各区内可见广泛的Ｆｏｓ阳性神经元，其分布具有区域差异．     

脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠跑台运动后海马神经再生和血管内皮生长因子mRNA的变化

背景：研究表明跑台运动能促进健康大鼠海马的神经细胞再生。 目的：观察跑台运动对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠海马神经再生和血管内皮生长因子mRNA表达的影响。 方法：用线栓法阻塞大脑中动脉以建立单侧脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠,将建模成功大鼠随机分为跑台运动组和安静对照组,另设假手术组。安静对照组和假手术组大鼠安静饲养,跑台运动组进行7 d跑台运动。跑台运动组和安静对照组大鼠在每天跑台运动前腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷溶液。 结果与结论：免疫组织化学染色结果显示,跑台运动组大鼠双侧海马及齿状回5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷阳性表达细胞数量显著多于安静对照组(P < 0.01)。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,跑台运动组大鼠海马血管内皮生长因子mRNA表达水平显著高于安静对照组和假手术组(P < 0.05)。结果证实,跑台运动能够明显促进脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马神经细胞的再生并上调海马组织血管内皮生长因子的表达。     

Distribution of cholinergic neurotransmitter enzymes in the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus of the adult and the developing mouse

The distribution of the cholinergic neutrotransmitter enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, in the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus of the adult and the developing mouse was examined using a histochemical procedure. The pattern of acetylcholinesterase staining in the hippocampal region of the adult mouse closely resembled that reported for the rat by other investigators. Enzyme activity was present predominantly in the neuropil, where it was concentrated in the supra- and the infrapyramidal zones of the hippocampus as well as in the supragranular region and the hilus of the dentate gyrus. In contrast to the adult pattern, during the first week of postnatal development acetyleholinesterase activity appeared to be largely intracellular. Strong staining was observed in the cytoplasm of scattered neurons throughout the neuropil laminae, particularly in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. During the succeeding weeks, the characteristic neuropil reaction developed in a slow and progressive manner. reaching the adult pattern by the end of the third postnatal week. Between the third and the fifth weeks, there was a substantial increase in the staining intensity of the enzyme. As a result of the increased neuropil reaction, acetylcholinesterase-positive cells became less conspicuous after the second postnatal week. The progressive acquisition of staining for acetylcholinesterase in the neuropil of the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus of the mouse during the early postnatal period compared well with the proposed model of development of septohippocampal connections in the rat.The histochemical distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse was also examined. The reaction was largely intracellular, in the cytoplasm of the pyramidal and the granule cells. Neuropil staining was confined to the mossy fibers and their terminals. This distribution profile is in conflict with the localization of this enzyme in the hippocampal region established by other investigators on the basis of microdissection and assay. The significance of the results of choline acetyltransferase histochemistry in relation to methodological problems is discussed.