简易老年记忆测验的信效度分析

目的：对简易老年记忆测验的信度和效度进行检验。方法：采用分半相关法，复本法以及效标关联效度的同时效度和预测效度进行检验。结果：①信度检验：内部结构检验的分半相关系数较高（P〈0．001）。交叉重复测试显示两套测验基本等同（P〈0．001），再现性、稳定性良好；②效度检验：简易老年记忆测验与韦氏记忆测验量表有较高的相关性（P〈0．01）。18F-FDG脑代谢显像与简易老年记忆测验结果呈正相关关系（P〈0.05—0．01）． 结论：简易老年记忆测验的内部结构的稳定性，两套平行测验的一致性以及效标关联效度的有效性均基本符合设计的构思和要求。     

大学生心理应激量表的信、效度检验

目的通过对大学生心理应激反应进行测量，检验大学生心理应激量表的信度和效度，提高大学生心理应激测验的准确性。方法应用大学生心理应激量表、困扰症状量表和SCL-90量表，采用随机分层抽样的方法对大学生进行测试，求量表间的相关性。结果重测信度为0．90（P〈0．01）；心理应激事件量表和困扰症状量表总分相关系数为0．60（P〈0．01）；心理应激事件量表和SCL-90量表总分相关系数为0．62（P〈0．01），均具有统计学意义。结论大学生心理性应激量表具有良好的信度和效度，能够全面、准确地评价大学生心理应激水平。     

美国注意缺陷多动障碍症状量表在中国试用的信效度研究

目的：探讨美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第四版（DSM-Ⅳ）中注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状量表在中国的适用性。方法：对门诊人选的可疑为ADHD的112名儿童进行量表诊断，并根据中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第三版（CCMD-3）作出临床诊断，经比较测定量表的信度与效度。结果：量表的检查者一致信度Kappa系数=0．89，重测信度Kappa系数=0．93，效度Kappa系数=0．89，P值均〈0．01。结论：DSM-Ⅳ症状量表的信度与效度良好，可广泛用于临床工作。     

中学生牛津幸福感问卷的信效度检验

目的：检验中学生牛津幸福感问卷在修改后的信度、效度。方法：对深圳11所中学的1404名中学生进行该幸福感问卷测查。结果：项目分析显示，量表中的20个项目均符合心理测量学要求，高、低分组被试在所有题目上的得分差异都达到显著性水平（t=14．96-30．94，均P〈0．01）；量表的内部一致性信度α系数为0．897，分半信度系数为0．827；量表有较好的区分效度，学习成绩较好的学生具有较高的幸福感。探索性因素分析揭示了单维的量表结构。结论：中学生牛津幸福感量表具有较好的信、效度，可作为我国中学生幸福感研究的有效工具。     

亲密关系体验问卷修订版的信效度研究

目的：测定亲密关系体验问卷修订版（ECR—R）的信度和效度。方法：取286名本科生及研究生进行ECR—R的Cronbachd系数、分半信度及结构效度分析，取31名大学生测定重测信度，取32名病例组样本检验效标效度。结果：总量表和焦虑、回避分量表的Cronbachd系数分别为0．87、0．86、0．81，重测信度分别为0．75、0．82、0．61（P〈0．01）。两个分量表具有较好的区分效度。因素分析的结果验证了依恋的两因素学说，焦虑、回避两因素分别解释21．28％和11．20％的变异量。结论：ECR—R适用于中国青少年依恋心理研究。     

缺陷感量表的信效度检验

目的：检验缺陷感量表（The Feelings of Inadequacy Scale，FIS）信度、效度是否符合心理测量学要求。方法：分层整群抽取河南新乡三所高校512名在校大学生，另取26例抑郁症住院患者，采用缺陷感量表、自尊量表（SES）进行测量。结果：缺陷感量表总量表及各个分量表的Cronbach’s α系数分别存0.92和0．73，0．87之间：重测信度分别为0．86和0．74—0．94之间：条目间平均相关系数在0．25和0．29—0．41之间：总分与各因子的相关系数存0．67—0．87之间；各因子间的相关系数在0．38—0．57之间；各条目对因子负荷系数在0．34—0．84之间；验证性因子分析的指标：GFI为0，844，AGFI为0．822，IFI为0．845，CFI为0．844，X^2/df为2.701，REME为0.058。与自尊量表（SES）相关系数r=0．639（P〈0．01），大学生被试与抑郁症患者在分量表及总量表的平均得分间的差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论：缺陷感量表（FIS）具有良好信度和效度，达到了心理测量学的要求。     

早期父子关系量表中文版的信效度检验

目的：考察父子关系量表中文版的信度和效度。方法：对400名幼儿的父亲进行了父子关系量表的测查，并间隔一个月进行重测，还对106名幼儿进行了9个月的追踪测查。结果：验证性因素分析显示数据与测量模型的拟合程度较好；以儿童行为问题和社会能力为效标的效标关联效度检验表明，总量表及亲密性、冲突性维度与儿童当时及9个月后的行为问题、社会能力均普遍存在显著相关；信度检验也发现，总量表的克伦巴赫α系数为0．71，重测信度系数为0．68（P〈0．001）。结论：本研究修订的父子关系量表总量表具有较好的信、效度。     

肠脑健康状况问卷的初步编制及信效度检验

目的编制一份测量肠脑健康状况的问卷并检验其信效度。方法经查阅文献和访谈形成含31项的预测问卷;分别对180名和479名被试进行项目分析和探索性因素分析以及信效度检验,选状态一特质焦虑问卷、自评抑郁量表和阿森斯失眠量表为效标。结果项目分析和探索性因素分析表明包含3个维度：肠道状态、饮食习惯和排便情况,21个项目的肠脑健康状况问卷,共解释了54．7％的变异;信度分析显示各维度信度系数在O．64-O．79之间,重测信度在0．70～0．78之间;效度分析表明各维度能反映总问卷所要测查的内容;各维度与总分间存在显著相关（r=0．488—0．798,P〈0．01）;验证性因素结果显示3因素模型各项拟合指数较好（x。／df=1．728,RMSEA=0．067,CFI=0．869）;肠脑健康状况总分与各效标显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论初步编制的肠脑健康状况问卷具有良好的信效度,可用于肠脑健康状况的相关研究。     

一般性病理性网络使用量表的初步修订及信效度检验

目的：对一般性病理性网络使用量表（Generalized Pathological Internet UseScale，GPIUS）进行修订，考察其在中国大学生中的适用性并检验其信效度。方法：将翻译后的GPIUS在165名大学生中进行试测．确定正式版本后以分层整群抽样法，随机抽取广东省在校大学生共654名，采用GPIUS中文翻译版和Young量表同时施测，考察中文版GPIUS的信度和效度。结果：探索性因素分析结果显示中文版GPIUS涵盖6个维度：过度使用、网络渴求、社交认知、功能损害、心境转换和网络社交，可解释总方差的60．19％。验证性因素分析结果表明六因素模型的拟合指数分别为：x^2=-1021．9，NNFI=0，94，NFI=0.92，CFI=0．94，RMSEA=0.080。该量表的重测信度（r=0．73，P〈0．01），各维度和总量表的分半信度（0．70-0．87）和α系数（0．68-0.91）均符合测量学要求。GPIUS总分、各维度分与Young量表总分呈正相关（P〈0.01）。结论：修订后的中文版GPIUS有良好的信效度，可作为诊断网络社交成瘾的有效工具。     

大学生手机依赖量表的编制

目的：本研究旨在编制适合大学生的手机依赖量表，并对其信效度进行检验。方法：根据DSM—IV和相关资料中对物质依赖和行为成瘾等的描述，通过个案访谈和前测，编制大学生手机依赖量表的条目。将量表在随机选取的北京300名大学生中进行施测，并通过比较依赖得分高低两组的人格（EPQ）和社会状况（自编问卷）差异，以检验量表的效度。结果：量表内部一致性系数达到0．50。依赖得分高低两组在神经质（P〈0．01）、掩饰（P〈0．05）、适应感（P〈0．05）、价值观（P〈0．01）等方面存在着显著差异。结论：手机依赖量表对大学生中的手机依赖者具有一定的辨别力，手机依赖者在人格和社会状况方面有其独特性。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.