NBCA栓塞治疗PTCD后假性肝动脉瘤1例

1病历简介患者,男,68岁,因全身黄染1年余,加重伴寒战发烧3天于2004-11-05入院。患者曾于2003-10-23因肝门部胆管癌,阻塞性黄疸入院行胆囊切除,左肝管引流术。术后引流管通畅,病情稳定出院。体检:神志清,精神差,营养一般,腹部膨隆触之坚,无压痛及反跳痛,移动性浊音(+)。右上腹部见一引流管,远端接引流袋。体温:36.8℃;心率:76次/m in;血压:15.99/10.01kPa。化验检查:血红蛋白:79.8g/L。诊断:(1)肝门部胆管癌姑息术后,肝内转移,胆管扩张;(2)胆道感染。于2004-11-09行经皮经肝胆管引流(PTCD)术:经T型管造影示:左右肝内胆管扩张,右肝管未显示…     

磁共振3D-VIBE序列联合MRCP在肝门部胆管癌T1期中的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振三维容积式内插法屏气检查序列(3D-VIBE)联合磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)在肝门部胆管癌T1期中的诊断价值. 资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的T1期肝门胆管癌16例,术前均经MR 3D-VIBE三期增强扫描和MRCP检查,复习MR肝门部胆管癌T1期3D-VIBE三期增强扫描和MRCP的影像学表现并与手术病理作对照. 结果 16例T1期肝门部胆管癌中,单纯发生于肝管汇合部7例;同时侵及左肝管4例,侵及右肝管2例;肝管汇合部未见病灶,仅发生于左肝管2例,右肝管1例.肿瘤呈结节状3例,结节合并浸润状2例,单纯浸润状11例;局部淋巴结增大5例,胆囊萎缩2例.MRI T1WI平扫呈等信号4例,稍低信号12例,T2WI呈等信号2例,稍高信号14例;MRCP表现为肝门部胆管截断3例,其上肝内外胆管呈"软藤样"扩张;肝门部胆管狭窄、变细4例,狭窄呈"鼠尾状"或"矛尖状",肝左右叶扩张的胆管在肝门部不能汇合;肝外二级胆管狭窄9例,狭窄段以上胆管不同程度扩张.3D-VIBE三期增强扫描动脉早期肿瘤轻度强化,动脉晚期和门静脉期中到明显强化. 结论 MR 3D-VIBE联合MRCP检查能够提高T1期肝门部胆管癌的检出率.有助于指导临床术前制定合理的手术方案.     

左外叶肝管置管引流治疗肝门部胆管癌的临床分析

目的:回顾性分析左外叶胆管外引流术对治疗肝门部胆管癌的临床价值.方法:对不能切除的肝门部胆管癌并严重阻塞性黄疸的病人,施行姑息性肝左外叶肝管置管引流,以解除梗阻.分析术后黄疸、腹水、肝功能变化情况.结果:7例均基本达到黄疸消退、肝功能恢复,5例腹水消退,术后2例行化疗,2例行放射治疗,平均生存7～8月.结论:姑息性左外叶胆管外引流术操作简单、可靠,术中及术后并发症率低,为进一步治疗创造良好基础.     

肝门部胆管癌的低场MRI诊断价值

目的:总结肝门部胆管癌的低场MRI影像表现,以提高对肝门部胆管癌的认识。方法:收集经手术病理证实的肝门部胆管癌21例,均有完整的MRI影像资料。结果:MRCP对肝门部胆管梗阻水平定位准确率达100%。21例肝门部胆管癌均表现为肝内胆管不同程度"软藤样扩张",肝门部胆管狭窄、管壁增厚或软组织肿块;6例MRI肝门部可见稍长T1、稍长T2的肿块影,15例未发现明确肿块;增强扫描5例可见肿块延迟期缓慢持续强化,14例表现为管壁增厚强化、管腔狭窄。结论:低场MRI是检查肝门部胆管癌的有效方法,联合应用MRCP可显示肝门部胆管癌的特征性改变。     

MRI及MRCP在肝门胆管癌和肝门部良性胆道梗阻中的鉴别价值

目的 探讨肝门胆管癌和肝门部良性胆道梗阻的MRI、MRCP鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理或临床证实的13例肝门胆管癌和20例肝门部良性胆道梗阻的MRI、MRCP表现,并与临床手术、病理进行对照.结果 13例肝门胆管癌中显示浸润型9例,T2 WI显示管壁增厚;肿块型4例,肝门部显示类圆形结节,T1WI呈稍低信号,T2 WI呈稍高信号.MRCP显示肝门胆管梗阻端的形态特征,截断状5例(肝门区呈空虚状改变),鼠尾状8例.肝内胆管呈树枝状和软藤状扩张.20例肝门部良性胆道狭窄的病例中,胆管结石13例,肝门部胆管炎症2例,术后狭窄5例.左肝管狭窄4例,右肝管狭窄1例,汇合部狭窄5例,肝总管狭窄10例(包括Mirizzi综合征4例),肝门区均未见软组织结节.MRCP显示肝门区胆管不完全性梗阻,呈漏斗状狭窄,边缘光滑.肝内胆管呈枯枝状扩张3例,树枝状扩张17例.结论 常规MRI和MRCP结合有助于肝门部胆道梗阻的定位诊断.肝门胆管癌和肝门部良性胆道梗阻在MRI、MRCP上存在多种不同征象可鉴别诊断.     

经肝胆管切开引流术治疗晚期肝门部胆管癌

目的探讨经肝胆管切开引流术对不能手术切除的肝门部胆管癌的临床疗效及应用价值。方法对2002年3月—2007年1月收治的9例不能切除的肝门部胆管癌,行经肝胆管切开置管引流术。结果9例手术经过顺利,总胆红素从术前的(312.9±161.8)mmol/L,下降为(176.1±80.8)mmol/L。血清丙氨酸氨基转氨酶从术前的(188.4±52.9)U/L下降为(56.9±17.3)U/L。5例获随访,病人平均存活时间14.7月。有1例病人已存活三年。结论不能手术切除的肝门部胆管癌病人行经肝胆管切开引流可有效地解除黄疸,改善肝功能,提高病人的生活质量,延长存活期。     

肝动脉瘤诊断和治疗3例报告

1病全报告例1，男，57岁。因右上腹包块入院。体检无异常发现。血脂增高。B超检查示近肝门探及一直径3．5cm包块，包块位于门静脉主干的前方，胰头上方，无搏动，边界清楚整齐。CT扫描在胰头上方，肛门小网膜孔处，可见34mmx35mm周边呈环形钙化的致密影（图五）。术前拟诊肝动脉瘤。于1985年6月手术，在肝十二指肠韧带内扪及4cmx5cm圆形肿物、质硬、无搏动，肿物在肝动脉前方，其后方与肝总动脉间有2mm小口相通，切除瘤体，缝合肝总动脉裂口。病理诊断（肝动脉）动脉粥样硬化性动脉瘤。术后恢复好，现健在。例2，女，36岁。因急性胆囊炎于…     

TECA-Ⅰ生物型人工肝支持系统治疗急性肝衰竭1例

患者女性 ,5 0岁 ,因“肝左叶胆管癌并肝门部高位胆道梗阻”行左半肝切除、胆囊切除及右肝管 空肠Ｒｏｕｘ ｅｎ ｙ吻合术。术前ＴＢ(总胆红素 ) 35 2 .8μｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,ＤＢ(直接胆红素 )1 84.8μｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,ＴＢＡ(总胆汁酸 ) 1 5 4.8μｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,其余肝、肾功能相关血生化指标均在正常范围以内。患者于手术后第 1天即出现少尿、无尿和逐渐加重的腹部胀痛。患者嗜睡 ,时有烦躁。虽经扩容、大剂量利尿和对症治疗尿量仍为 5 0～2 0 0ｍｌ/ 2 4ｈ。血液生化检查结果 :ＮＨ3(血氨 ) 1 34 μｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,ＡＬＴ 2 6 97.9Ｕ /Ｌ ,ＡＳＴ 31 1 0 .…     

肝门部胆管癌影像学诊断

本文对５６例经手术和病理证实的肝门部胆管癌进行了影像学回顾性分析，直接法胆道造影（ＤＣ）表现征象可分为胆道梗阻、狭窄、息肉样变和右肝管狭窄伴左肝管梗阻。ＵＳ显示肝内胆管的扩张，肝门区低回声占位，胆管内低回声肿块，门静脉癌栓。ＣＴ可表现，肝内胆管扩张，肝门区软组织密度肿块，肝门区肿块有增强，胆囊变小或萎缩，左肝萎缩和右肝增大，作者认为：ＤＣ加上ＵＳ或ＣＴ是诊断肝门区胆管癌的首选方法。     

肝门部恶性胆道梗阻的MRC和PTC的对照研究

目的 :探讨MRC与PTC在肝门部恶性胆道梗阻中的临床应用价值。方法 :搜集经手术、病理或影像学证实并同时行MRC和PTC的肝门部恶性胆道梗阻患者 16例 ,其中 ,胆管癌 9例 ,转移癌 4例 (结肠癌 2例 ,胆囊癌 1例 ,胃癌 1例 ) ,肝门部肝癌 3例。分别在MRC和PTC图像上测量梗阻远端扩张的左、右肝管的宽径、狭窄段长度 ,计算并判断是否完全梗阻及其正确率。统计学处理采用配对t检验和 χ2 检验。结果 :MRC和PTC在显示扩张的左右肝管上无差异(t =1.2 7,P >0 .2及t=1.3 3 ,P >0 .2 ) ,MRC评价胆管狭窄长度和PTC相比有显著性差异 (t =3 .3 1,P <0 .0 1)。MRC判断狭窄程度的准确性明显低于PTC( χ2 =8.5 0 ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论 :MRC可很好的显示肝内胆管扩张程度 ,判断狭窄部位。但对狭窄程度的评估存在夸大效应。PTC不仅可评价肝内胆管扩张情况 ,并能准确测量狭窄段长度 ,判断狭窄部位是否完全梗阻。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.